Alustaimestik ja puurinne endisele põllumajandusmaale istutatud kuuse-kase sega- ja puhtpuistutes
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Kuupäev
2025
Kättesaadavus
09.09.2025
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Käesoleva magistritöö eesmärgiks on analüüsida alustaimestiku liigirikkust, katvust ja koosseisu hariliku kuuse (Picea abies) ja arukase (Betula pendula) sega- ja puhtpuistutes ning hinnata puistutüübi, mulla- ja valgustingimuste mõju taimestiku näitajatele. Samuti analüüsitakse, kas segapuistute taimestiku mitmekesisus on suurem kui puhtpuistutes ning võrreldakse kuuse ja kase kasvu puht- ning segapuistutes. Taimestiku, keskkonnategurite ning puurinde andmed koguti viieteistkümnelt katsealalt. Iga puistutüübi (puhtkaasik, puhtkuusik, kuuse-kase segapuistu) kohta inventeeriti viis katseala.
Töö tulemustest selgus, et puhtkaasikutes on rohurinde katvus suurim ja kuusikutes madalaim ning samblarinde puhul on täpselt vastupidi. Puit-, roht- ja sammaltaime liikide ning tüvesammalde arv puistutüübiti oluliselt ei erinenud. Puurinde võrdluses selgus, et segapuistus avaldab kase konkurents kuuse kasvule negatiivset mõju ning kuuse kasvutulemused on puhtpuistus paremad kui segapuistus, samas kasel on keskmise rinnasdiameetri aastane juurdekasv segapuistus oluliselt suurem kui puhtpuistus. Kuuse osakaal puistus mõjutab rohu- ja samblarinde katvust ja koosseisu.
Kokkuvõtvalt võib öelda, et kuusk ja kask sobivad endistele põllumajandusmaadele metsa rajamiseks nii koos kui eraldi ning sellistes puistutes on arvestatav elurikkus, kuid konkreetsete liigirühmade koosseis ja mitmekesisus sõltuvad rajatud puistu liigilisest koosseisust.
The aim of this master’s thesis is to analyze the species richness, cover, and composition of understory vegetation in pure and mixed stands of Norway spruce (Picea abies) and silver birch (Betula pendula), as well as to evaluate the influence of stand type, soil characteristics, and light conditions on vegetation parameters. The study also investigates whether the plant diversity in mixed stands is greater than in pure stands and compares the growth characteristics of spruce and birch in pure and mixed stands. Data on vegetation, environmental parameters and stand characteristics were collected from fifteen sample plots, with five plots representing each stand type: pure birch, pure spruce, and mixed spruce–birch stands. The results indicated that the cover of the herb layer was highest in pure birch stands and lowest in pure spruce stands, whereas the bryophyte layer exhibited the opposite pattern. The number of woody species, herbs, bryophytes and epiphytic bryophyte species did not significantly differ between stand types. In the comparison of the tree layer, it was found that in mixed stands, competition from birch has a negative effect on spruce growth, and spruce performs better in pure stands than in mixed stands, while birch showed significantly higher annual increment in mean diameter at breast height in mixed stands than in pure birch stands. The proportion of spruce in tree layer influenced the cover and composition of herb and bryophyte layers. In summary, both spruce and birch are suitable for afforestation of former agricultural lands, either in pure or mixed stands. Such stands support considerable biodiversity; however, the composition and diversity of specific species groups depend on the tree layer composition of the established stand.
The aim of this master’s thesis is to analyze the species richness, cover, and composition of understory vegetation in pure and mixed stands of Norway spruce (Picea abies) and silver birch (Betula pendula), as well as to evaluate the influence of stand type, soil characteristics, and light conditions on vegetation parameters. The study also investigates whether the plant diversity in mixed stands is greater than in pure stands and compares the growth characteristics of spruce and birch in pure and mixed stands. Data on vegetation, environmental parameters and stand characteristics were collected from fifteen sample plots, with five plots representing each stand type: pure birch, pure spruce, and mixed spruce–birch stands. The results indicated that the cover of the herb layer was highest in pure birch stands and lowest in pure spruce stands, whereas the bryophyte layer exhibited the opposite pattern. The number of woody species, herbs, bryophytes and epiphytic bryophyte species did not significantly differ between stand types. In the comparison of the tree layer, it was found that in mixed stands, competition from birch has a negative effect on spruce growth, and spruce performs better in pure stands than in mixed stands, while birch showed significantly higher annual increment in mean diameter at breast height in mixed stands than in pure birch stands. The proportion of spruce in tree layer influenced the cover and composition of herb and bryophyte layers. In summary, both spruce and birch are suitable for afforestation of former agricultural lands, either in pure or mixed stands. Such stands support considerable biodiversity; however, the composition and diversity of specific species groups depend on the tree layer composition of the established stand.
Kirjeldus
Magistritöö
Metsamajanduse ja metsaökoloogia õppekaval
Märksõnad
magistritööd, puhtpuistu, segapuistu, soontaimed, sammaltaimed, harilik kuusk, arukask