3D prinditavate materjalide rakendamine droonide ehituses
Laen...
Kuupäev
2025
Kättesaadavus
Suletud / Closed, Korraldus nr. 6-1.MI/182
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Droonitehnoloogia on viimastel aastatel kiiresti arenenud näiteks sõjaväetööstuses, filmitööstuses ja hobikorras kasutajatel. Drooni ebakorrektse kasutamise tagajärjel võib juhtuda õnnetusi, mille tagajärjel saavad drooniosad kahjustada. Käesoleva bakalaureusetöö eesmärgiks oli uurida, kas FPV droonide süsinikkiudu sisaldavast komposiitmaterjalist valmistatud konstruktsioonielemendid võiksid olla purunemisel asendatavad Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) tehnoloogial 3D prinditavate materjalidega. Hetkel kasutatakse drooni ehituses 3D prinditavat termoplastset polüuretaani, kuid seda rakendatakse näiteks kaamerate ja antennide kinnitamiseks. Antud töö on suunatud konstruktsioonielementidele, millele avaldub suurem koormus. Eesmärgi täitmiseks viidi läbi mittestandardsed kahe punkti paindekatsed PLA, ABS, PC, PAHT-CF ja PPA-CF materjalidest droonikäpa replikaatidele ning võrreldi saadud tulemusi süsinikkiudkomposiidist droonikäpa paindekatse tulemustega. Selleks skaneeriti ImpluseRC Apex EVO5 droonikäpp kasutades Nikon MCAx20 laserskannerit ning punktipilvest saadud koemudel töödeldi AutoDesk Fusion 360 abil 3D prinditavaks mudeliks. Rakistamise ühtlustamiseks ja kergendamiseks konstrueeriti ka spetsiaalne abivahend. Katsete tulemusena selgus, et PLA, ABS, PC, PAHT-CF ja PPA-CF materjalidest 3D prinditud katsekehadest talus kõige suuremat koormust PPA-CF. Materjali kolme katsekeha keskmine maksimaalne väärtus oli 94,637 N. Kõige väiksem avaldatud koormus oli ABS katsekehale, keskmise maksimaalse väärtusega 32,013 N. PPA-CF katsekehale avaldatud koormuse keskmine maksimaalne väärtus oli ligikaudu 4,26 korda väiksem kui süsinikkiudkomposiidist katsekeha tulemus (403,227 N). Lisaks arvutati vastavalt paindekatse käigus saavutatud maksimaalsele jõule ka paindemomendid ja paindepinged, mis kehale mõjusid ning leiti, et süsinikkiust komposiitmaterjalist valmistatud drooni käpale mõjus maksimaalse koormuse korral paindepinge 397,95 MPa. 3D prinditud katsekehadest talus kõige suuremat koormust PPA-CF ja maksimaalse koormuse juures mõjus paindepinge 97,13 MPa. Kõige väiksem paindepinge tekkis ABS katsekehal, 34,68 MPa. Sellest hoolimata viidi läbi arvutused leitud valemitega õhkutõusul avalduva koormuse ja keskmisel vertikaalsel kiirendusel tekkinud paindepinge leidmiseks. Neid tulemusi võrreldi ning leiti, et 3D prinditavaid materjale saab piirangutega kasutada purunenud detailide kiireks asendamiseks, kuid prinditud detailid ei tohiks olla 3D prinditavate materjalide väiksema tugevuse ja jäikuse tõttu raskelt koormatud.
In recent years, drone technology has advanced significantly in areas such as the military industry, the film industry and among hobbyists. Improper use of drones may result in accidents that may damage the components of a drone. The aim of this bachelor’s thesis was to investigate whether structural elements made of carbon composite materials in FPV drones could be replaced in the event of failure with carbon fiber-reinforced materials that can be 3D printed using Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) technology. Currently, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is used in drone construction, primarily for mounting accessories such as cameras and antennas. The focus of this study is on structural elements that are subjected to higher loads. To evaluate the possibility of replacement, non-standard two-point bending tests were conducted on drone arm replicas printed from PLA, ABS, PC, PAHT-CF and PPA-CF. The results were compared to carbon fiber composite drone arm. To reach a conclusion, ImpulseRC Apex EVO 5 drone arm was scanned using a Nikon MCAx20 laser scanner and the resulting mesh from the scanned point cloud was processed into a printable 3D model using Autodesk Fusion 360. Additionally, a custom fixture was designed to ensure consistent and simplified test setup. Test results revealed that the highest average maximum load among the 3D printed specimens was achieved by PPA-CF, with a value of 94,637 N across three samples. The lowest load was recorded for ABS, with an average maximum value of 32,013 N. The average maximum load for PPA-CF was approximately 4,26 times lower than carbon fiber composite specimen, which withstood 403,23 N. In addition, bending stresses and moments were calculated based on the maximum applied forces. The carbon fiber composite experienced a bending stress of 397,95 MPa. Among the 3D printed materials, PPA-CF was the closest to the original component, with a stress value of 97,13 MPa, while the lowest stress, 34,68 MPa, occurred in the ABS specimen. Despite the lower bending stress of the printed parts, additional calculations were performed using derived formulas to estimate the loads acting on the drone arm during takeoff and applied force on vertical acceleration. The results suggest that while 3D printed materials can be used for rapid replacement of damaged parts, their lower strength and stiffness mean taht such parts should not be subjected to high loads.
In recent years, drone technology has advanced significantly in areas such as the military industry, the film industry and among hobbyists. Improper use of drones may result in accidents that may damage the components of a drone. The aim of this bachelor’s thesis was to investigate whether structural elements made of carbon composite materials in FPV drones could be replaced in the event of failure with carbon fiber-reinforced materials that can be 3D printed using Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) technology. Currently, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is used in drone construction, primarily for mounting accessories such as cameras and antennas. The focus of this study is on structural elements that are subjected to higher loads. To evaluate the possibility of replacement, non-standard two-point bending tests were conducted on drone arm replicas printed from PLA, ABS, PC, PAHT-CF and PPA-CF. The results were compared to carbon fiber composite drone arm. To reach a conclusion, ImpulseRC Apex EVO 5 drone arm was scanned using a Nikon MCAx20 laser scanner and the resulting mesh from the scanned point cloud was processed into a printable 3D model using Autodesk Fusion 360. Additionally, a custom fixture was designed to ensure consistent and simplified test setup. Test results revealed that the highest average maximum load among the 3D printed specimens was achieved by PPA-CF, with a value of 94,637 N across three samples. The lowest load was recorded for ABS, with an average maximum value of 32,013 N. The average maximum load for PPA-CF was approximately 4,26 times lower than carbon fiber composite specimen, which withstood 403,23 N. In addition, bending stresses and moments were calculated based on the maximum applied forces. The carbon fiber composite experienced a bending stress of 397,95 MPa. Among the 3D printed materials, PPA-CF was the closest to the original component, with a stress value of 97,13 MPa, while the lowest stress, 34,68 MPa, occurred in the ABS specimen. Despite the lower bending stress of the printed parts, additional calculations were performed using derived formulas to estimate the loads acting on the drone arm during takeoff and applied force on vertical acceleration. The results suggest that while 3D printed materials can be used for rapid replacement of damaged parts, their lower strength and stiffness mean taht such parts should not be subjected to high loads.
Kirjeldus
Bakalaureusetöö
Tehnika ja tehnoloogia õppekaval
Märksõnad
bakalaureusetööd, drooniehitus, termoplastid, süsinikkiudkomposiit, droonikäpp