Kartuli füsioloogia sõltuvalt viljelusviisist
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Kuupäev
2018
Kättesaadavus
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Rohkem kui 90% taime orgaanilisest ainest moodustub fotosünteesiprotsessis. Taime ressursside
kasutamise efektiivsus sõltub füsioloogilisest funktsioneerimisest, mis mõjutab
biomassi ja seeläbi ka saaki. Antud töö eesmärgiks oli uurida, kuidas varieeruvad kartulitaime
füsioloogilised näitajad mahe-ja tavaviljeluses. Lisaks viidi läbi herbivooria katse,
mille eesmärgiks oli välja selgitada, millist töötlust söövad kartulimardika (Leptinotarsa
decemlineata) vastsed kõige rohkem.
Magistritöö katsed viidi läbi 2017. aasta suvel Eesti Maaülikoolis Eesti Maaülikooli
Eerika katsepõldudelt pärit kartulitaimedega. Töösse võeti viis katsevarianti. Tavaviljeluse
variantideks olid N0 (N0P0K0) kontrollina, N100 (N100P25K95) ja N150 (N150P25K95).
Maheviljeluses oli kontrollina Mahe 0 ning Mahe VK+VS, mida väetati veisesõnnikuga
20 t/ha ja kartulile eelnevalt kasvatati sügis-talvisel perioodil vahekultuure.
Maheviljeluses oli taimedel suurem fotosüntees (An) ja õhulõhede juhtivus (gs) kui tavaviljeluses.
Tavaviljeluses oli maheviljelusest suurem fotosünteetiline vee kasutamise efektiivsus
(WUEph). Töö tulemuste põhjal võib järeldada, et tavaviljeluses võis esineda vee
defitsiiti, millele taimed reageerisid õhulõhede avatuse vähendamisega. Samuti oli tavaviljeluses
suurim lehe kuivmass, mis võib olla moodustunud kaitsevastusena stressile, ressursi
puudusele. Herbivooria katse tulemusena oli väiksemate kartulimardika vastsete
(0,02-0,09 g) söödud lehe pindala suurem kui suuremate vastsete puhul (0,11-0,15 g).
Kõige rohkem söödi töötlust N150, aga kuna kontrollvariante söödi rohkem kui N100, siis
antud tulemuste põhjal ei saa väita, et vastsed eelistasid rohkema lämmastikuga töödeldud
varianti.
Kuna antud teema on uus ja vähe uuritud, siis selleks, et teha tulemustest ammendavad
järeldused, on vaja viia läbi täiendavaid uurimusi. Kindlasti oleks oluline edasi uurida
taime lehe anatoomiliste iseärasuste varieerumist viljelusviisiti ning biogeensete lenduvate
ühendite emiteerimist, millel on oluline mõju taime füsioloogilistele protsessidele.
More than 90% of the plant's biomass is formed due to photosynthetic products. The effectiveness of the use of resources depends on the physiological functioning of the plant, which affects the formation of the biomass and, consequently, the yield. The aim of this master`s thesis was to study how physiological parameters vary in organically and conventionally grown potato plant. In addition, a herbivory test was conducted to determine which treatments are most commonly consumed by the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) larvaes. The conventional treatments were N0 (N0P0K0) as control, N100 (N100P25K95) and N150 (N150P25K95). There were two organic treatments: 1) Mahe 0 as control (no manure and catch crops) 2) Mahe VK+VS (bovine manure 20 t/ha and catch crops). In organic treatments, the photosynthesis (An) and stomatal conductance (gs) werehigher than in conventional treatments. Conventionally grown plants had the highest photosynthetic water use efficiency (WUEph). Based on the results, can be concluded that conventionally grown plants might have been in water deficit. The reaction in this situation was to reduce stomatal conductance. Also, the greatest leaf mass per unit area was in conventional treatment N0, which might have been formed as a result of defensive response to stress. As a result of herbivory test, the smaller (0,02-0,09 g) larvaes consumed more than bigger (0,11-0,15 g) ones. N150 was consumed the most, but since the control treatments were consumed more than N100, it can not be said that the larvaes preferred more fertilized treatment. Since the topic is quite new and little investigated, there is further research needed in order to make complete conclusions. Certainly, it would be important to study the anatomical features of leaf in certain treatment and the emission of biogenic volatile compounds which have a significant effect on the physiological processes of the plant.
More than 90% of the plant's biomass is formed due to photosynthetic products. The effectiveness of the use of resources depends on the physiological functioning of the plant, which affects the formation of the biomass and, consequently, the yield. The aim of this master`s thesis was to study how physiological parameters vary in organically and conventionally grown potato plant. In addition, a herbivory test was conducted to determine which treatments are most commonly consumed by the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) larvaes. The conventional treatments were N0 (N0P0K0) as control, N100 (N100P25K95) and N150 (N150P25K95). There were two organic treatments: 1) Mahe 0 as control (no manure and catch crops) 2) Mahe VK+VS (bovine manure 20 t/ha and catch crops). In organic treatments, the photosynthesis (An) and stomatal conductance (gs) werehigher than in conventional treatments. Conventionally grown plants had the highest photosynthetic water use efficiency (WUEph). Based on the results, can be concluded that conventionally grown plants might have been in water deficit. The reaction in this situation was to reduce stomatal conductance. Also, the greatest leaf mass per unit area was in conventional treatment N0, which might have been formed as a result of defensive response to stress. As a result of herbivory test, the smaller (0,02-0,09 g) larvaes consumed more than bigger (0,11-0,15 g) ones. N150 was consumed the most, but since the control treatments were consumed more than N100, it can not be said that the larvaes preferred more fertilized treatment. Since the topic is quite new and little investigated, there is further research needed in order to make complete conclusions. Certainly, it would be important to study the anatomical features of leaf in certain treatment and the emission of biogenic volatile compounds which have a significant effect on the physiological processes of the plant.
Kirjeldus
Magistritöö
Põllumajandussaaduste tootmise ja turustamise õppekaval
Märksõnad
magistritööd, fotosüntees, maheviljelus, kartulimardikad