Aedmaasika (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) uute sortide saagikus ja saagi kvaliteet Eestis sõltuvalt taimede istutuseelsest mõjutamisest preparaadiga Prestop
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Kuupäev
2018
Kättesaadav alates
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Aedmaasikas (Fragaria x ananassa) on väga hinnatud vili oma maitse ja tervislikkuse
poolest. Eestis kasvatatakse peamiselt maasikasorte ’Sonata’ ja ’Polka’, mis on saagikad,
kuid vastuvõtlikud seenhaigustele. Seenhaigused vähendavad oluliselt saagikust ja nende
keemiline tõrje on kulukas. Maasikakasvatuse arenemiseks on vaja uusi vähemalt sama
saagikaid, kuid haigustele vastupidavamaid sorte. Bioloogiliste tõrjevahendite
kasutamise populaarsus on suurenemas teadlikuma tarbijakäitumise tulemusel.
Varasemalt on Eestis uuritud tolmeldajatega taimeõitele kantavat biopreparaadi Prestop
Mixi mõju, mis on vähendanud maasikate hahkhallitusse nakatumist. Käesoleva
uurimistöö eesmärgiks oli välja selgitada seitsme Eestis vähelevinud või üldse mitte
kasvatatud maasikasordi saagikus, viljade kvaliteet ja meeldivus tarbijale, ning
lisaeesmärgiks oli välja selgitada preparaadi Prestop mõju saagikusele. Katses olid sordid
’Asia’, ’Faith’, ’Figaro’, ’Flair’, ’Manille’, ’Sonsation’, ’Vibrant’. Kontrollsordiks oli
’Sonata’. Katse viidi läbi 2017. aasta suvel Tartumaal Kindel Käsi OÜ tootmisistanduses.
Taimi leotati istutamiseelselt preparaadis Prestop. Korjeperioodil teostati saagiarvestus,
määrati viljade mahla kuivaine, orgaaniliste hapete sisaldus, vilja tugevus ning uuriti
viljade meeldivust tarbijatele. ’Sonsation’ ületas kontrollsordi ’Sonata’ ja kõikide teiste
katses olnud sortide saagikuse. ’Sonsation’ oli ’Sonataga’ võrdväärselt sama hea
välimuse ja maitsega. ’Sonataga’ sarnanes magususe ja maitse poolest sort ’Asia’.
Peaaegu kõikide sortide puhul ei avaldanud Prestopiga töötlus statistiliselt olulist mõju
saagile, mahla kuivaine sisaldusele ega vilja tugevusele. Orgaaniliste hapete sisalduse
puhul oli Prestopiga töötlusel mõju negatiivne. Uurimistöö põhjal võib
maasikakasvatajale soovitada sorti ’Sonsation’, mis oli saagikam kui ’Sonata’ ja meeldis
tarbijatele samaväärselt. 2018. aastal jätkuvad katsed sordiga ’Sonsation’, et selgitada
välja vastupidavus närbumistõvele ja preparaadi Prestop mõju patogeeniga Verticillium
dahliae nakatunud mullal.
Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) fruits are widely appreciated for their taste, aroma and health-beneficial properties. The main strawberry cultivars grown in Estonia are high yielding ‘Sonata’ and ‘Polka’ however they are susceptible to fungal diseases. Fungal diseases significantly reduce the yield and their chemical control is expensive. Therefore, new cultivars which would have similar productivity, but higher resistance to diseases are necessary for the development of the strawberry production. The popularity of using biopesticides is on the rise due to the more informed consumers who prefer environmentally friendly production technologies. Previous studies in Estonia with entomovector-technology and biological fungicide Prestop Mix have indicated that Prestop Mix reduces Botrytis spp. infection in strawberries. The aim of this thesis was to determine the yield, fruit quality and consumer appreciation of the six strawberry cultivars in Estonia. Additional aim was to find out the effect of pre-planting soaking of plants in Prestop on the yield. Following new strawberry cultivars were used at the experiment: ’Vibrant’, ’Asia’, ’Manille’, ’Sonsation’, ’Figaro’, ’Flair’, ’Faith’; ’Sonata’ was used as control. The experiment was conducted in Kindel Käsi OÜ production field in Tartu county in the summer 2017. Plants were soaked in 0.5% Prestop suspension before planting. Marketable yield, fruit soluble solids, titratable acidity, firmness and consumer liking were determined. The yield of ‘Sonsation’ exceeded the yield of control cultivar ‘Sonata’ and also other experimental cultivars. ‘Sonsation’ was on par with ‘Sonata’ in appearance and taste. ‘Sonata’ and ‘Asia’ were similar in taste and sweetness. Prestop did not have statistically significant effect on the yield, fruit soluble solids content or firmness in almost any of the cultivars. In the case of organic acids, treatment with Prestop had a reducing effect on some cultivars. Based on one-year results, ‘Sonsation’ can be recommended to strawberry growers due to higher productivity than 'Sonata' and high appreciation among consumers. Experiments with cultivar ‘Sonsation’ will be continued to determine the resistance of this cultivar to Verticillium wilt and the effect of Prestop on the plant survival in the soil infected with Verticillium dahliae.
Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) fruits are widely appreciated for their taste, aroma and health-beneficial properties. The main strawberry cultivars grown in Estonia are high yielding ‘Sonata’ and ‘Polka’ however they are susceptible to fungal diseases. Fungal diseases significantly reduce the yield and their chemical control is expensive. Therefore, new cultivars which would have similar productivity, but higher resistance to diseases are necessary for the development of the strawberry production. The popularity of using biopesticides is on the rise due to the more informed consumers who prefer environmentally friendly production technologies. Previous studies in Estonia with entomovector-technology and biological fungicide Prestop Mix have indicated that Prestop Mix reduces Botrytis spp. infection in strawberries. The aim of this thesis was to determine the yield, fruit quality and consumer appreciation of the six strawberry cultivars in Estonia. Additional aim was to find out the effect of pre-planting soaking of plants in Prestop on the yield. Following new strawberry cultivars were used at the experiment: ’Vibrant’, ’Asia’, ’Manille’, ’Sonsation’, ’Figaro’, ’Flair’, ’Faith’; ’Sonata’ was used as control. The experiment was conducted in Kindel Käsi OÜ production field in Tartu county in the summer 2017. Plants were soaked in 0.5% Prestop suspension before planting. Marketable yield, fruit soluble solids, titratable acidity, firmness and consumer liking were determined. The yield of ‘Sonsation’ exceeded the yield of control cultivar ‘Sonata’ and also other experimental cultivars. ‘Sonsation’ was on par with ‘Sonata’ in appearance and taste. ‘Sonata’ and ‘Asia’ were similar in taste and sweetness. Prestop did not have statistically significant effect on the yield, fruit soluble solids content or firmness in almost any of the cultivars. In the case of organic acids, treatment with Prestop had a reducing effect on some cultivars. Based on one-year results, ‘Sonsation’ can be recommended to strawberry growers due to higher productivity than 'Sonata' and high appreciation among consumers. Experiments with cultivar ‘Sonsation’ will be continued to determine the resistance of this cultivar to Verticillium wilt and the effect of Prestop on the plant survival in the soil infected with Verticillium dahliae.
Kirjeldus
Bakalaureusetöö
Aianduse õppekaval
Märksõnad
bakalaureusetööd, aedmaasikas, sordid, saagikus, viljad, kvaliteet