Looduskivist ja põletatud savitellistest kombineeritud müüritiste desalineerimine
Laen...
Kuupäev
2020
Kättesaadav alates
18.09.2020
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Antud uurimistöö käsitleb eelkõige probleeme, mis tekivad niiskuse ja soolade
pääsemisega poorsesse materjali ning nende vähendamist desalineerivate meetodite abil.
Eesmärgiks oli teemaga tutvuda ja katsetada, kuidas toimivad Eestis toodetud savi- ja
lubjapõhised ohverkrohvid soolatustamise protsessis ja kas mõjutavad segu omadusi
erinevad lisandid: aktiivsüsi ja kanepiluu.
Katsed viidi läbi Mooste tall-tõllakuuri ligi 200 aastat vanal kiviseinal, krohvides seal
katselappe viie erineva ohverkrohvi seguga. Kiirendatud katsed tehti kasutades põletatud
telliseid. Erinevate segudega krohviti 24 tellist, mida oli eelnevalt leotatud kolmest
erinevast soolast (NaCl, Na2SO4, NH4NO3) valmistatud lahuses. Ideed katsete teostuseks
saadi peamiselt kirjandusest ja metoodika põhineb aluspinna soolasisalduse määramisel
enne ja pärast ohverkrohvide paigaldust.
Katsete tulemused näitasid peamiselt savibaasil sideainetega segude tõhusust
desalineerimisel. Parimad tulemused soolaioonide eemaldamisel ning ka ohverkrohvide
eemaldamisel aluspinnast andis savikrohv kanepiluuga. Erinevused reaalse seina ja
kiirkatsete vahel näitab objektipõhiste reaalsete situatsioonide dünaamilisust, mis tõttu on
soovituslik desalineerimise protsessi alustades selgeks teha probleemi tekkepõhjused,
müürimaterjalide omadused, ennekõike poorisuurus, jaotumine, ja kogus. Ning sellest
lähtuvalt, kui valikuks saab ohverkrohvi või mähise kasutamine, koostada objektipõhine
segu, kus on desalineerimise toimemehanismid arvestatud ning seeläbi tõhusus suurema
tõenäosusega.
This research deals with moisture and salinity problems in porous materials and aims to find solutions through various desalinaiting methods. The goal was to get acquainted with the problems and test locally produced clay- and limeplasters for desalination through sacrificial plastering and is there difference in using additives like hempshive and coal. Tests were carried out on a wall in near than 200 year old building that used to be horse stable and carriage house which is part of „Manor of Mooste“, where five different sacricial test plaster were applied. Using fired clay bricks forced tests where also conducted. 24 bricks, which were soaked in solution of NaCl, Na2SO4, NH4NO3, were covered with various plaster combinations. Idea came from reading related literature and methodology is based on determining the salinity values of substrate before and after the application of sacrificial test plasters. The results showed that mainly plasters with clay as binder were most efficient in substrate desalination. Best performance in desalinting and removing from substrate without residue was given by clayplaster with hempshive. Differences between real masonry and forced tests show the dynamic processes that are present in real masonries. Before starting desalination processes it is mandatory to fully understand the sources of the problem, and to more effectively remove salts, understand the characteristics of substrate and plaster materials, especially porocity. Because with that it is possible to create object-based plasters, which helps to be more effective in removing salts from substrate, regarding what kind of desalinating mechanism is chosen.
This research deals with moisture and salinity problems in porous materials and aims to find solutions through various desalinaiting methods. The goal was to get acquainted with the problems and test locally produced clay- and limeplasters for desalination through sacrificial plastering and is there difference in using additives like hempshive and coal. Tests were carried out on a wall in near than 200 year old building that used to be horse stable and carriage house which is part of „Manor of Mooste“, where five different sacricial test plaster were applied. Using fired clay bricks forced tests where also conducted. 24 bricks, which were soaked in solution of NaCl, Na2SO4, NH4NO3, were covered with various plaster combinations. Idea came from reading related literature and methodology is based on determining the salinity values of substrate before and after the application of sacrificial test plasters. The results showed that mainly plasters with clay as binder were most efficient in substrate desalination. Best performance in desalinting and removing from substrate without residue was given by clayplaster with hempshive. Differences between real masonry and forced tests show the dynamic processes that are present in real masonries. Before starting desalination processes it is mandatory to fully understand the sources of the problem, and to more effectively remove salts, understand the characteristics of substrate and plaster materials, especially porocity. Because with that it is possible to create object-based plasters, which helps to be more effective in removing salts from substrate, regarding what kind of desalinating mechanism is chosen.
Kirjeldus
Ehitusinseneriõppe lõputöö
Maaehituse õppekaval
Märksõnad
magistritööd, Roheline Ülikool (töö toetab EMÜ Rohelise Ülikooli põhimõtteid), müüritised, kapillaarniiskus, soolad, desalineerimine, ohverkrohv, energiavarustus, alternatiivernergia