Viljelusviisi ja ilmastiku mõju talinisu tärklise teradele
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Kuupäev
2020
Kättesaadavus
28.08.2020
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Töö põhineb 2008. a. Eesti Maaülikooli Põllumajandus- ja keskkonnainstituudi Eerikal
asuvale põllule rajatud pikaajalisel katsel. Antud uurimuses on kasutatud 2013.–2017.
aastal kogutud andmeid. Antud magistritöö eesmärgiks oli välja selgitada viljelusviisi,
ilmaolude ning terade täitumisperioodi pikkuse mõju talinisu tärkliseterade suuruse
kujunemisel. Katses oli kasutusel seitse väetusvarianti (kolm mahesüsteemis ning neli
tavasüsteemis), mis erinesid üksteisest kasutatud lämmastikväetiste ja lämmastiku
koguste poolest.
Ilmastik ja lämmastiku norm mõjutavad tärkliseterade suurust. Mõjult suurema
osatähtsusega oli ilmastik moodustades kogumõjust 24‒38% vastavalt tärkliseterade
tüübile; väetisvariandi mõju osatähtsus varieerus sõltuvalt tärkliseterade suurusest 18‒
24% vahel. Viljelusviis ei mõjutanud usutaval määral tärkliseterade läbimõõtu. Kõigil
tärkliseterade tüüpidel olid usutavalt suuremad graanulid mahesüsteemis sõnnikut saanud
väetisvariandil (OrgII) ja tavasüsteemis lämmastikväetist kahes jaos saanud variantidel
(N100 ja N150). Peenjahu saak ei olnud usutaval määral mõjutatud viljelusviisist.
Peenjahu saak oli suurem juhtudel, kui tera täitumisperiood füsioloogilise küpsuseni oli
pikem, sest nendel aastatel oli talinisu terade tärklises suurem väiksemate ehk C-tüüpi
terade osakaal ja see põhjustas ka suurema peenjahu saagi nendel aastatel.
In 2008, the long-term five-field crop rotation experiment was established at the EULS Institute of Agriculture and Environment in Eerika to compare the organic and conventional growing systems. The data used in this study was gathered during a time period stretching from 2013. –2017. The main purpose of this thesis was to explore what influence farming system, weather conditions and the length of winter wheat grain filling period have on the size development of starch granulesin winter wheat. In this experiment, seven different nitrogen resources (three in organic and four in conventional farming systems) were used. Weather conditions and nitrogen norm have influence on the size of starch granules. Weather conditions had a relatively bigger intensity, forming 24-38% of overall impact in accordance with the types of starch granules. The impact intensity of fertilizer option varied between 18-24% depending on the size of the starch granules. The diameter of starch granules was not significantly influenced by the farming system. All types of starch granules had credibly bigger granules if they either received manure as a fertilizer option (OrgII) in organic farming or nitrogen fertilizer in two sections as an option (N100 and N150) in conventional farming. Farming system did not have a significant influence on the yield of fine flour. The yield of fine flour was bigger in cases where the filling period of the grain to physiological maturity was longer. Due to a higher percentage of smaller or C type granules within the used starch granules of winter wheat in those years was the yield of fine flour bigger in those particular years.
In 2008, the long-term five-field crop rotation experiment was established at the EULS Institute of Agriculture and Environment in Eerika to compare the organic and conventional growing systems. The data used in this study was gathered during a time period stretching from 2013. –2017. The main purpose of this thesis was to explore what influence farming system, weather conditions and the length of winter wheat grain filling period have on the size development of starch granulesin winter wheat. In this experiment, seven different nitrogen resources (three in organic and four in conventional farming systems) were used. Weather conditions and nitrogen norm have influence on the size of starch granules. Weather conditions had a relatively bigger intensity, forming 24-38% of overall impact in accordance with the types of starch granules. The impact intensity of fertilizer option varied between 18-24% depending on the size of the starch granules. The diameter of starch granules was not significantly influenced by the farming system. All types of starch granules had credibly bigger granules if they either received manure as a fertilizer option (OrgII) in organic farming or nitrogen fertilizer in two sections as an option (N100 and N150) in conventional farming. Farming system did not have a significant influence on the yield of fine flour. The yield of fine flour was bigger in cases where the filling period of the grain to physiological maturity was longer. Due to a higher percentage of smaller or C type granules within the used starch granules of winter wheat in those years was the yield of fine flour bigger in those particular years.
Kirjeldus
Magistritöö
Põllumajandussaaduste tootmise ja turustamise õppekaval
Märksõnad
magistritööd, talinisu, tärklis, väetised, peenjahu