Alternatiivkütuste põlemisprotsess vabalthingavas diiselmootoris
Laen...
Kuupäev
2020
Kättesaadavus
04.09.2025
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Maailmas on hakatud rohkem kasutama alternatiivseid kütuseid, et vähendada keskkonna
saastumist, näiteks esimese põlvkonna biodiislikütust (FAME) ja teise põlvkonna
biodiislikütust (HVO), ühtlasi ka gaaskütuseid (CNG ja LPG). Erinevate kütuste
kasutamine mootorites mõjutavad nende põlemisprotsessi ja efektiivsust. Seetõttu on
käesoleva magistritöö eesmärgiks uurida alternatiivkütuste põlemisprotsessi
vabalthingavas diiselmootoris. Selleks on püstitatud järgnevad ülesanded: anda ülevaade
diiselmootori tööpõhimõttest ja põlemisprotsessist, diiselmootoris kasutatavatest
alternatiivkütustest ja nende kasutamisest, välja töötada metoodika põlemisprotsessi
analüüsimiseks ning analüüsida katsemõõtmistest saadud tulemusi. Katsemõõtmised on
teostatud EMÜ mootorite katselaboris, kus on tehtud mõõtmised diislikütusega, FAME,
HVO ja LPG ning CNG paralleelselt diislikütusega (50/50). Mõõtmised on tehtud mootori
kiirusel 2300 p/min ja koormustel 10%, 50%, 75% ja 100% ning mõõdetavateks
parameetriteks olid põlemisrõhk, kütusekulu ja pöördemoment.
Uuringu tulemustest selgus, et gaaskütuste kasutamine paralleelselt diislikütusega
suurendab süüteviivist, samuti on põlemisefektiivsus väiksem kui puhta diislikütusega v.a
100% koormusel. Põlemisrõhk on CNG ja LPG kasutamisel suurem kui puhtal
diislikütusel. HVO kütusel on süüteviivis oluliselt väiksem kui diislikütusel ja
põlemisprotsess on kiirem.
The trend toward using alternative fuels has increased worldwide, such as first-generation biodiesel (FAME) and second generation biodiesel (HVO) and also gaseous fuels CNG and LPG. The use of different fuels in engines affects their combustion process and efficiency. Therefore, the aim of this master's thesis is to study the combustion process of alternative fuels in a naturally aspirated diesel engine. To this end, the following tasks have been set: to provide an overview of the working principle and combustion process of a diesel engine, alternative fuels used in a diesel engine and their use, to develop a methodology for analyzing the combustion process and to analyze the results of test measurements. The test measurements have been performed in the EMÜ engine test laboratory, where measurements have been made on diesel fuel, FAME, HVO and LPG and CNG in parallel with diesel fuel (50/50). Measurements were made at engine speed of 2300 rpm and loads of 10%, 50%, 75% and 100%, and the parameters measured were combustion pressure, fuel consumption and torque. From the results of the study it can be concluded, that the use of gaseous fuels in parallel with diesel fuel increases the ignition delay, and the combustion efficiency is lower than with pure diesel fuel except at 100% load. The combustion pressure is higher with CNG and LPG than with pure diesel fuel. HVO fuel has a significantly lower ignition delay than diesel fuel and the combustion process is faster.
The trend toward using alternative fuels has increased worldwide, such as first-generation biodiesel (FAME) and second generation biodiesel (HVO) and also gaseous fuels CNG and LPG. The use of different fuels in engines affects their combustion process and efficiency. Therefore, the aim of this master's thesis is to study the combustion process of alternative fuels in a naturally aspirated diesel engine. To this end, the following tasks have been set: to provide an overview of the working principle and combustion process of a diesel engine, alternative fuels used in a diesel engine and their use, to develop a methodology for analyzing the combustion process and to analyze the results of test measurements. The test measurements have been performed in the EMÜ engine test laboratory, where measurements have been made on diesel fuel, FAME, HVO and LPG and CNG in parallel with diesel fuel (50/50). Measurements were made at engine speed of 2300 rpm and loads of 10%, 50%, 75% and 100%, and the parameters measured were combustion pressure, fuel consumption and torque. From the results of the study it can be concluded, that the use of gaseous fuels in parallel with diesel fuel increases the ignition delay, and the combustion efficiency is lower than with pure diesel fuel except at 100% load. The combustion pressure is higher with CNG and LPG than with pure diesel fuel. HVO fuel has a significantly lower ignition delay than diesel fuel and the combustion process is faster.
Kirjeldus
Magistritöö
Tootmistehnika õppekaval
Märksõnad
magistritööd, alternatiivernergia, energiavarustus, põlemissaadused, soojuseraldumine, LPG, CNG, Roheline Ülikool (töö toetab EMÜ Rohelise Ülikooli põhimõtteid), maagaas