2016. aasta juulitormi järgne kuuse-kooreüraski (Ips typographus) leviku ja kahjustuste analüüs jänesekapsa kasvukohatüüpide näitel Karula rahvuspargis
Laen...
Kuupäev
2021
Kättesaadav alates
07.09.2021
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Kliimamuutustest tingitud sagenenud ja tugevamad tormid tekitavad ideaalse elukeskkonna
erinevatele kahjuritele (sh juuremädanikud, putukkahjurid). Erinevate meetodite
kombineerimisel (sh ülelend, maapinnal tehtud väliuuringud) on võimalik saada vahetu
ülevaate metsade kahjustuste ulatusest. Nii välitööde käigus kogutud kui ka kaardi- ja
tabelarvutusprogrammis leitud andmete omavahelisel võrdlusel saab kahjustusest ülevaatliku
pildi ja väärtusliku info metsaomanikele, kuidas kuuse-kooreürask pärast tormikahjustusi
levida võib.
Käesoleva bakalaureusetöö eesmärgiks oli kirjeldada ja analüüsida 2016. aasta Koiva tormi
järgset kuuse-kooreüraski leviku ja kahjustuste ulatust jänesekapsa kasvukohatüüpides
Karula rahvuspargis. Eesmärgi saavutamiseks uuriti Karula rahvusparki kui tervikut, kuuse kooreüraski bioloogiat ja käitumismustreid, jänesekapsa kasvukohatüüpide (jänesekapsa,
jänesekapsa-pohla, jänesekapsa-mustika, jänesekapsa-kõdusoo) iseärasusi, Koiva tormi ja
tegureid, mis võisid rahvuspargis kahjustuste ulatust mõjutada.
Bakalaureusetöö uurimismeetodiks oli kaardianalüüs (9 kaardi põhjal) GIS-programmis ja
saadud andmete töötlemine tabelarvutusprogrammis. Uurimiseesmärgi lahendamisel kasutati
algandmetena Keskkonnainvesteeringute Keskuse (KIK) projekti, Keskkonnaameti (KeA)
analüüsi käigus loodud kaardiandmeid ja Keskkonnaagentuuri (ENVIR) ning Maa-ameti
avalikke andmeid ja servereid. Tulemustest selgus, et metsakahjustusi oli enim viljakates jänesekapsa kasvukohatüüpides,
kus kuuskedel on paks korp ning maapinnalähedane juurestik. Kuivanud puistutes
domineerisid sügavad madalsoomullad, kus põhjavesi on alaliselt või pidevalt kõrgemal.
Lisaks leiti, et Karula rahvuspargi tormi- ja kuuse-kooreüraski kahjustustel on minevikus
olnud mitmeid tegureid, mis on tänaste kahjustuste ulatust mõjutanud.
The due to climate change increasing frequency and severity of storm events create ideal circumstances for various forest diseases and pests (including root rot, insect pests). By combining different methods (among which overflight, on-ground field study) it is possible to get an immediate overview of the damage extent in forests. Comparing data collected during fieldwork with data obtained with mapping and spreadsheet software provides a more comprehensive picture of the damage and valuable information for the forest owner, about potential spruce bark beetle spread upon storm damage. The objective of this Bachelor’s thesis is to describe and analyse the spread of European spruce bark beetle after a major storm in 2016 (Koiva storm), and the scale of the damage it caused in the Oxalis forest site types in Karula National Park. For this purpose, Karula National Park was studied as a whole and the biology of the spruce bark beetle and its behavioural patterns were reviewed, as well as the features of the Oxalis forest site types (Oxalis, Oxalis-Rhodococcum, Oxalis-Myrtillus, Oxalis drained swamp), the Koiva storm characteristics and factors that could have impacted the scale of the damage in the national park. The research method in this Bachelor’s thesis comprised of a map analysis (based on nine different maps) in a GIS programme and the data were processed in a spread sheet programme. The following data served as a basis, to achieve the research objectives: the maps produced in the process of analyses within the frames of an Environmental Investment Centre (KIK) project and the Estonian Environmental Board (KeA), the open access data and servers from the national Environment Agency (ENVIR) and the Geoportal of the Estonian Land Board. The results showed that forest damage was most extensive in the most fertile Oxalis forest site types, where spruce has a thick bark and a shallow root system. Withered stands prevailed in deep low peat soils, where the groundwater table is permanently or continuously high. Additionally, it was found that the current extent of the storm- and spruce bark beetle damage in Karula National Park was affected by several factors in the past.
The due to climate change increasing frequency and severity of storm events create ideal circumstances for various forest diseases and pests (including root rot, insect pests). By combining different methods (among which overflight, on-ground field study) it is possible to get an immediate overview of the damage extent in forests. Comparing data collected during fieldwork with data obtained with mapping and spreadsheet software provides a more comprehensive picture of the damage and valuable information for the forest owner, about potential spruce bark beetle spread upon storm damage. The objective of this Bachelor’s thesis is to describe and analyse the spread of European spruce bark beetle after a major storm in 2016 (Koiva storm), and the scale of the damage it caused in the Oxalis forest site types in Karula National Park. For this purpose, Karula National Park was studied as a whole and the biology of the spruce bark beetle and its behavioural patterns were reviewed, as well as the features of the Oxalis forest site types (Oxalis, Oxalis-Rhodococcum, Oxalis-Myrtillus, Oxalis drained swamp), the Koiva storm characteristics and factors that could have impacted the scale of the damage in the national park. The research method in this Bachelor’s thesis comprised of a map analysis (based on nine different maps) in a GIS programme and the data were processed in a spread sheet programme. The following data served as a basis, to achieve the research objectives: the maps produced in the process of analyses within the frames of an Environmental Investment Centre (KIK) project and the Estonian Environmental Board (KeA), the open access data and servers from the national Environment Agency (ENVIR) and the Geoportal of the Estonian Land Board. The results showed that forest damage was most extensive in the most fertile Oxalis forest site types, where spruce has a thick bark and a shallow root system. Withered stands prevailed in deep low peat soils, where the groundwater table is permanently or continuously high. Additionally, it was found that the current extent of the storm- and spruce bark beetle damage in Karula National Park was affected by several factors in the past.
Kirjeldus
Bakalaureusetöö
Keskkonnakaitse õppekaval
Märksõnad
bakalaureusetööd, kuuse-kooreürask, tormikahjustused, kasvukohatüüp, Koiva torm, Karula rahvuspark, Roheline Ülikool (töö toetab EMÜ Rohelise Ülikooli põhimõtteid), elurikkus, pärandkooslused, pärandmaastikud, maastikukaitse