Taphrina seenega nakatumise mõju arukase lehtede mesofülli arengule
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Kuupäev
2025
Kättesaadav alates
04.09.2025
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Kaseluudik (Taphrina betulina) on arukaskedel (Betula pendula) leviv oportunistlik patogeen, mis põhjustab ühe sümptomina kasepuude okste liigset vohamist ning tekitab võrasse tuulepesadeks kutsutavaid moodustisi. Tuulepesade lehed erinevad morfoloogiliselt sama puu sümptomiteta lehtedest ja nakkuseta puu lehtedest. Lehed on taime peamised fotosünteesivad organid ning fotosünteesikiirus ja süsiniku sidumise võimekus on otseselt seotud mesofülli anatoomiaga. Kuigi nimetatud haigust esineb üha enam, ei ole selle seene mõju mesofüllikoe arengule teadaolevalt veel uuritud. Arukask on Euroopas nii ökoloogiliselt kui ka majanduslikult oluline liik, mistõttu on tähtis mõista, kuidas patogeenid mõjutavad selle liigi süsinikusidumise võimekust. Käesoleva bakalaureusetöö eesmärk on uurida, millist mõju avaldab kaseluudik arukase lehe mesofülli arengule. Lehekoe proovid koguti tuulepesades asuvatelt lehtedelt, nakatunud puude sümptomiteta okstelt ning nakatumata puudelt. Kõiki proove koguti nii kõrge kui ka madala valgusintensiivsusega kasvukohtadest. Igast proovitüübist tehti valgusmikroskoopiafotod, mille alusel mõõdeti lehtede anatoomilisi tunnuseid. Tulemused näitavad, et kaseluudik pärsib nakatunud lehtede mesofülli arengut ning nende anatoomilised omadused sarnanevad madala valguse tingimustes kasvanud lehtedega. Edasised uuringud peaksid keskenduma sellele, kuidas nakatunud lehtede anatoomilised kohastumused mõjutavad fotosünteesikiirust. Käesoleva töö tulemused aitavad paremini mõista oportunistlike patogeenide mõju puude leheanatoomiale ja süsinikusidumise võimekusele ning on seetõttu olulised ka haljastuse planeerimisel. Teadlikkus patogeenidest ja nende võimalikust mõjust aitab teha targemaid valikuid liikide ja kasvukohtade sobitamisel linnaruumi ja teistesse haljasalade süsteemidesse, tagades taimede elujõulisuse ning esteetilise ja ökoloogilise funktsionaalsuse.
Taphrina betulina is a common opportunistic pathogen on silver birch (Betula pendula) trees that causes broom formation as a symptom of infection. Leaves growing on the brooms are differ morphologically from the same tree’s symptomless leaves and from leaves of a healthy non-infected tree. Leaves are the primary photosynthetic organs of the plant and the rate of photosynthesis as well as carbon sequestration capacity are directly linked to mesophyll anatomy. Although the incidence of this disease is increasing, its effects on mesophyll development have not been investigated, to the best of our knowledge. Silver birches play a significant role in Europe both ecologically and economically, so it is important to know what effect do pathogens have on its carbon sequestration rate. The aim of this thesis is to investigate how T. betulina affects the mesophyll development of silver birch leaves. Leaf tissue samples were collected from brooms, from symptomless branches of broom-bearing trees, and from a healthy control tree, whereas leaves grown in high-light and low-light conditions were sampled from each infection type. Micrographs of each sample type were derived, and leaf anatomical traits were measured. The results indicate an inhibited mesophyll development in witches’ broom leaves, with a trend showing leaf traits similar to shadow-acclimated leaves. Future research should focus on the effects of leaf anatomical adaptations on the rate of photosynthesis. The results of this thesis provide a better understanding of how opportunistic pathogens influence leaf anatomy and carbon sequestration capacity, making the findings relevant also for landscape planning. Awareness of these pathogens and their potential impact enables better informed decisions when selecting growth conditions in city plans and other landscapes, ensuring plant health and aesthetic and ecological functionality.
Taphrina betulina is a common opportunistic pathogen on silver birch (Betula pendula) trees that causes broom formation as a symptom of infection. Leaves growing on the brooms are differ morphologically from the same tree’s symptomless leaves and from leaves of a healthy non-infected tree. Leaves are the primary photosynthetic organs of the plant and the rate of photosynthesis as well as carbon sequestration capacity are directly linked to mesophyll anatomy. Although the incidence of this disease is increasing, its effects on mesophyll development have not been investigated, to the best of our knowledge. Silver birches play a significant role in Europe both ecologically and economically, so it is important to know what effect do pathogens have on its carbon sequestration rate. The aim of this thesis is to investigate how T. betulina affects the mesophyll development of silver birch leaves. Leaf tissue samples were collected from brooms, from symptomless branches of broom-bearing trees, and from a healthy control tree, whereas leaves grown in high-light and low-light conditions were sampled from each infection type. Micrographs of each sample type were derived, and leaf anatomical traits were measured. The results indicate an inhibited mesophyll development in witches’ broom leaves, with a trend showing leaf traits similar to shadow-acclimated leaves. Future research should focus on the effects of leaf anatomical adaptations on the rate of photosynthesis. The results of this thesis provide a better understanding of how opportunistic pathogens influence leaf anatomy and carbon sequestration capacity, making the findings relevant also for landscape planning. Awareness of these pathogens and their potential impact enables better informed decisions when selecting growth conditions in city plans and other landscapes, ensuring plant health and aesthetic and ecological functionality.
Kirjeldus
Bakalaureusetöö
Aianduse õppekaval
Märksõnad
bakalaureusetööd, Taphrina betulina, Betula pendula, taimepatogeen, leheanatoomia, Roheline Ülikool (töö toetab EMÜ Rohelise Üikooli põhimõtteid), energiavarustus, taastuvenergia, keskkonnasõbralikkus