Elektri ja soojuse koostootmisjaam ettevõtte energiavarustuses
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Kuupäev
2016
Kättesaadav alates
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Töö tulemustest selgub, et hetkeseisuga on Eestis väga madal primaarenergia kasutamise
efektiivsus. Efektiivsust saaks edukalt suurendada, kui ettevõtetes laialdasemalt
kasutusele võtta koostootmisseadmeid. Antud magistritöö eesmärgiks on anda põhjalikum
ülevaade soojuse ja elektri koostootmiseks kasutatavatest tehnoloogiatest ning selle
vajalikkusest ja kasutamise eelistest ettevõtete energiavarustuses. Töö koostamisel on
analüüsitud teaduslikke kirjandusallikaid ning läbi töötatud CHP tehnoloogilisi süsteeme
puudutavaid erialaseid kirjandusallikaid. Lisaks vaadeldi ja koguti informatsiooni ning
andmeid uuritava koostootmisjaama kohta, et läbi viia analüüsi.
Magistritöö koostamisel tehti koostööd ettevõttega AS Fortum Tartu. Uurimisobjektiks
oli Tartumaal Luunja vallas asuv soojuse ja elektri koostootmisjaam, mille põhjal on läbi
viidud põhjalik analüüs koostootmises kasutatavate tehnoloogiliste süsteemide kohta.
Lisaks koguti andmeid CHP soojuse ja elektri toodangute kohta ning teostati arvutused
ning saadud tulemuste põhjal tehti järeldusi.
Antud magistritöös saadud tulemuste põhjal selgus, et koostootmisel on energia
muundamise kogukasutegur ligikaudu 15−40% suurem kui elektrit ja soojust eraldi tootes.
Kütuse kasutamise kasutegur on tavaliselt 85−92%. Uuritud jaamas teostatud arvutuste
põhjal oli see 2015. aastal 92,79 %. Millest elektriline netokasutegur oli 25,22 % ning
kasulik soojuslik 67,57 %. Sellest saab järeldada, et seadme elektri- ja soojusenergia
tootmise keskmine suhe oli 0,37. Jaama kasuliku soojuse toodang oli uuritaval aastal 425
GW∙h, millest 15,5 % andis suitsugaaside pesur. Elektrienergia kogu netotoodang oli
159,5 GW∙h. Töös selgub jaama primaarenergia sääst (PES). Uuritava koostootmisjaama
PES oli 35,27 % ehk 2015. aastal säästeti CHP kasutamise tulemusel 481 GW∙h
primaarenergiat. Mille põhjal saab järeldada, et AS Fortum Tartu CHP on kõrge
kasuteguriga ning tootmist saab lugeda tõhusaks.
From the thesis results it appears that at the moment in Estonian industrial power generation sector there is a very low energy efficiency. The efficiency can be successfully increased by applying more widely CHP technologies in enterprises. The aim of this thesis is to provide a comprehensive overview of various CHP technologies and description of the necessity and the advantages for companies in energy supply. The study is based on scientific literature that is associated with CHP technologies. In order to carry out the analysis and calculations the analysed cogeneration plant was surveyed and the information data was collected. The master thesis was carried out in cooperation with the company AS Fortum Tartu. The researched object was a cogeneration plant, which is situated in Tartu County Luunja. On the basis of this cogeneration plant analysis was carried out on the technological systems used. In addition, data was collected about the CHP heat and electricity production and the calculations were carried out on the collected data. On the acquired results conclusions were made. This thesis results showed that with cogenerated energy conversion the efficiency is about 15-40 % higher than separately generated electricity and thermal energy. Cogeneration fuel consumption efficiency is usually 85-92 %. On the researched CHP it was found out that in 2015 the efficiency was 92,79 %. The net electrical efficiency was 25,22% and useful thermal 67,57 %. It can be concluded that the average power to heat production ratio was 0,37. The useful heat output in studied CHP plant was on the surveyed year 425 GW∙h, the flue gas washer share of it was 15,5 %.Total net electricity production was 159.5 GW∙h. CHP primary energy savings (PES) was 35,27 %. These results shows that 481 GW∙h of primary energy was saved due to cogeneration in the year 2015. That leads to the conclusion that AS Fortum Tartu CHP is working on a high degree of efficiency and the production can be regarded as effective.
From the thesis results it appears that at the moment in Estonian industrial power generation sector there is a very low energy efficiency. The efficiency can be successfully increased by applying more widely CHP technologies in enterprises. The aim of this thesis is to provide a comprehensive overview of various CHP technologies and description of the necessity and the advantages for companies in energy supply. The study is based on scientific literature that is associated with CHP technologies. In order to carry out the analysis and calculations the analysed cogeneration plant was surveyed and the information data was collected. The master thesis was carried out in cooperation with the company AS Fortum Tartu. The researched object was a cogeneration plant, which is situated in Tartu County Luunja. On the basis of this cogeneration plant analysis was carried out on the technological systems used. In addition, data was collected about the CHP heat and electricity production and the calculations were carried out on the collected data. On the acquired results conclusions were made. This thesis results showed that with cogenerated energy conversion the efficiency is about 15-40 % higher than separately generated electricity and thermal energy. Cogeneration fuel consumption efficiency is usually 85-92 %. On the researched CHP it was found out that in 2015 the efficiency was 92,79 %. The net electrical efficiency was 25,22% and useful thermal 67,57 %. It can be concluded that the average power to heat production ratio was 0,37. The useful heat output in studied CHP plant was on the surveyed year 425 GW∙h, the flue gas washer share of it was 15,5 %.Total net electricity production was 159.5 GW∙h. CHP primary energy savings (PES) was 35,27 %. These results shows that 481 GW∙h of primary energy was saved due to cogeneration in the year 2015. That leads to the conclusion that AS Fortum Tartu CHP is working on a high degree of efficiency and the production can be regarded as effective.
Kirjeldus
Märksõnad
soojuselektrijaamad, koostootmistehnoloogiad, kasutegur, ettevõtted, magistritööd