Rootsi kärbse (Oscinella frit L.) esinemine ja arvukus talinisu ning taliodra tootmispõldudel
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Kuupäev
2024
Kättesaadav alates
03.09.2024
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Rootsi kärbes (Oscinella frit L.) on kahjur, kes kahjustab teravilju ja kõrrelisi heintaimi.
Suurimat kahju teevad taimedes toituvad vastsed, kelle tõrjumiseks on erinevaid viise
vähe. Sellest ajendatult on vajalik uurida, milliseid võtteid on tema leviku
vähendamiseks võimalik rakendada.
Magistritöö eesmärk oli välja selgitada harimisviisi, eelvilja ja kultuuri mõju
teraviljakahjuri rootsi kärbse (Oscinella frit L.) arvukusele ja esinemisele talinisu ning
taliodra tootmispõldudel. Andmed koguti 2022. aastal kaheksalt tootmispõllult.
Tootmispõldudest esines katses viis talinisupõldu ning kolm taliodrapõldu, valiku aluseks
olid erinevad eelviljad ning külvieelse mullaharimise viisid.
Katseandmete analüüsi tulemusel selgus, et talinisul oli rootsi kärbse vastsete arvukus ligi
kaks korda kõrgem kui taliodral. Sellest võib järeldada, et talinisu oli antud katse põhjal
Eesti tingimustes rootsi kärbse arenguks sobivaim kultuur. Kuigi talioder on munemiseks
atraktiivne ja võrsete kahjustused olid märkimisväärsed, võib vastsete areng taliodras olla
oluliselt pikem, mis vähendab nende ellujäämise võimalusi. Vastsete keskmine arvukus
oli kõige kõrgem variandis, kus eelviljaks oli raps ning kõige madalam talinisu eelviljaga
variandis. Mullaharimisviis ei olnud antud töös vastsete arvukust mõjutavaks teguriks.
Kuna antud töös oli tegu pilootkatsega, on põhjapanevate järelduste tegemiseks vaja
sarnast katset korrata, et olla tulemuste järjepidevuse püsimises kindel.
Frit fly (Oscinella frit L.) is a pest that damages cereal and grasses. The biggest damage is caused by larvae feeding inside the shoot and there are few methods available to combat them. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate which techniques can be applied to reduce its spread. The aim of this master’s thesis was to find out the impact of tilling methods, preceding crop and crop types on the abundance and the occurrence of the cereal pest frit fly (Oscinella frit L.) in winter wheat and winter barley farmlands. Data were collected in 2022 from eight farmlands. The experiment included five winter wheat lands and three winter barley lands, chosen based on different preceding crop and pre-sowing tillage methods. The analysis revealed that winter wheat had more frit fly larvae compared to winter barley. This suggests that, under Estonian experimental conditions, winter wheat is the most suitable crop for the development of the frit fly based on this study. Although winter barley is attractive for egg-laying and the damage to its shoots was significant, the larvae development in winter barley can be considerably longer, which reduces their chances of survival. The average number of larvae was highest in the variant where the preceding crop was rapeseed and lowest in the variant where winter wheat was the preceding crop. Tilling method was not a factor influencing the number of larvae in this study. Since this work was a pilot study, it is necessary to repeat a similar experiment to make definitive conclusions and ensure the consistency of the results.
Frit fly (Oscinella frit L.) is a pest that damages cereal and grasses. The biggest damage is caused by larvae feeding inside the shoot and there are few methods available to combat them. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate which techniques can be applied to reduce its spread. The aim of this master’s thesis was to find out the impact of tilling methods, preceding crop and crop types on the abundance and the occurrence of the cereal pest frit fly (Oscinella frit L.) in winter wheat and winter barley farmlands. Data were collected in 2022 from eight farmlands. The experiment included five winter wheat lands and three winter barley lands, chosen based on different preceding crop and pre-sowing tillage methods. The analysis revealed that winter wheat had more frit fly larvae compared to winter barley. This suggests that, under Estonian experimental conditions, winter wheat is the most suitable crop for the development of the frit fly based on this study. Although winter barley is attractive for egg-laying and the damage to its shoots was significant, the larvae development in winter barley can be considerably longer, which reduces their chances of survival. The average number of larvae was highest in the variant where the preceding crop was rapeseed and lowest in the variant where winter wheat was the preceding crop. Tilling method was not a factor influencing the number of larvae in this study. Since this work was a pilot study, it is necessary to repeat a similar experiment to make definitive conclusions and ensure the consistency of the results.
Kirjeldus
Magistritöö
Põllumajandussaaduste tootmise ja turustamise õppekaval
Märksõnad
magistritööd, rootsi kärbes, talinisu, talioder, eelvili, mullaharimisviis, Oscinella frit