Päikesepaneeli pööramisseadme mudel
Laen...
Kuupäev
2016
Kättesaadav alates
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Töö eesmärgiks oli luua mikrokontrolleri baasil juhitav automaatne päikesejälgimis-süsteemi
mudel. Uurimistöö käigus leiti, et sobivaimaks kontrolleriks antud projekti jaoks on Arduino
Uno platvorm. Arduino Uno osutus valituks oma kasutusmugavuse, madala energiatarbe ja
töökindluse tõttu. Täiturmehhanismidena kasutati servomootoreid TowerPro MG946R.
Servomootorid osutusid valituks oma suure täpsuse ja suure momendi tõttu madalatel
pööretel. Arvutuste alusel valiti sobiva momendiga servomootorid, vältimaks olukorda, kus
mootor võib puruneda või ei jõua mudeli paneeli liigutada. Intensiivseima valgusallika
tuvastamiseks kasutati fototakisteid. Kuna Arduino platvorm tuvastab pinge muutusi, mitte
aga takistuse muutusi, oli vajalik fototakisti kasutamiseks koostada pingejagur. Pingejaguri
vastutakisti arvutamiseks mõõdeti valgustakisti takistust mudeli tööolukorras, et pingejaguri
väljundpinge väärtuse muutus oleks antud alas kõige suurem. Vastutakisti väärtuseks leiti
15 kΩ. Fototakistid paigaldati paneeli nelja nurka. Mudeli juhtimiseks koostati
juhtprogramm, mis korraldas erinevate komponentide omavahelise töö. Kõik mudeli
koostamiseks vajalikud elemendid vormistati AutoCAD-i keskkonnas. Detailid lõigati CNC
(computer numerical control) tööpingi abil MDF (medium-density fibreboard) materjalist.
Töö tulemusena valmis töötav päikesepaneeli pööramise mudel. Seda mudelit on võimalik
kasutada kas õppevahendina, andmete kogumiseks enne täismõõtmelise paneeli paigaldamist
või täismõõtmelise süsteemi loomiseks.
This paper focuses on a model of a solar panel turning device. Solar tracking is necessary to increase the efficiency of the solar panel energy production up to 40%. A controller is needed to take the information from the sensors and convert it to movement of the motors. To determine the best solution, several widespread microcontollers - Arduino, Raspberry and BeagleBone – were compared. Open-source electronics prototyping platform Arduino UNO was selected, for its low cost, low energy consumption and reliability. From comparing differences between stepper and a servo motor a decision was made to use a servo motor. The advantage of servo motors over a stepper motor was that the servo motor has a lot more torque at low speeds and the position of servo motors can be controlled more precisely than a stepper motor. Servomotor TowerPro MG946R was selected for this model. For light detecting sensors four photoresistors GL5537 were used. Resistance decreases with increasing incident light intensity. To get a voltage proportional to the photoresistor value, a voltage divider was necessary. To choose a suitable pull down resistor for the voltage divider the AxelBenz formula was used. A suitable pull down resistor was calculated to be 15 kΩ. The construction of the model was designed in AutoCAD environment. Parts are made of MDF material and cut out with a CNC milling machine. After constructing the model a program was created to control the communication between sensors and servos. The program was uploaded with the Arduino Software IDE. The principle of the code is to compare two photoresistors diagonally and to move the solar panel until all four resistor values are the same.
This paper focuses on a model of a solar panel turning device. Solar tracking is necessary to increase the efficiency of the solar panel energy production up to 40%. A controller is needed to take the information from the sensors and convert it to movement of the motors. To determine the best solution, several widespread microcontollers - Arduino, Raspberry and BeagleBone – were compared. Open-source electronics prototyping platform Arduino UNO was selected, for its low cost, low energy consumption and reliability. From comparing differences between stepper and a servo motor a decision was made to use a servo motor. The advantage of servo motors over a stepper motor was that the servo motor has a lot more torque at low speeds and the position of servo motors can be controlled more precisely than a stepper motor. Servomotor TowerPro MG946R was selected for this model. For light detecting sensors four photoresistors GL5537 were used. Resistance decreases with increasing incident light intensity. To get a voltage proportional to the photoresistor value, a voltage divider was necessary. To choose a suitable pull down resistor for the voltage divider the AxelBenz formula was used. A suitable pull down resistor was calculated to be 15 kΩ. The construction of the model was designed in AutoCAD environment. Parts are made of MDF material and cut out with a CNC milling machine. After constructing the model a program was created to control the communication between sensors and servos. The program was uploaded with the Arduino Software IDE. The principle of the code is to compare two photoresistors diagonally and to move the solar panel until all four resistor values are the same.
Kirjeldus
Märksõnad
päikesepatareid, seadmed, fototakistid, magistritööd