Sulfoksafloori mõju karukimalaste (Bombus terrestris) hingamisfüsioloogiale
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Kuupäev
2021
Kättesaadavus
03.09.2021
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
21. sajandi jooksul on toimunud suur tolmeldajate arvukuse langus ning üheks põhjuseks
peetakse sagedast pestitsiidide kasutamist. Tänu arvukatele uuringutele on tõestatud teatud
pestitsiidide (neonikotinoidide) ohtlikkust mesilastele, ning antud pestitsiidide kasutamine
keelustati. Pärast neonikotinoidide keelustamist hakati otsima nendele asendust ning
võimalikeks asendusaineteks peetakse sulfoksomiinidel põhinevaid insektitsiide. Antud töös
vaatluse alla tuleva insektitsiidi sulfoksafloori kohta on hetkeseisuga vähe andmeid, kuna see
on uudne pestitsiid.
Töö eesmärgiks oli uurida sulfoksafloori mõju karukimalaste (Bombus terrestris) pere eri
liikmete (emaste, tööliste ja isaste karukimalaste) hingamisfüsioloogiale. Katsed viidi läbi
Eesti Maaülikooli laboris. Individuaalselt puuridesse pandud karukimalased töödeldi
kontaktselt erinevate lahustega, mis sisaldasid atsetooni ning sulfoksafloori erinevaid
kontsentratsioone.
Tulemused näitasid, et isased karukimalased olid sulfoksafloorile kõige tundlikumad, nende
süsihappegaasi eraldumise ning veekao tulemustest võib järeldada, et sulfoksaflooril oli
statistilselt oluline mõju nende näitajate suurenemisele. Sulfoksafloor mõjutas oluliselt
kimalasisade toitumist. Kimalastöölistel avaldus statistiliselt oluline mõju nende veekao
näitajate puhul LD50 doosi juures. Kõige vastupidavamad olid kimalasemad, kellel ei tekkinud
statistiliselt olulist mõju mitte ühegi näitaja juures sulfoksaflooriga töötluste puhul, kuid nende ainevahetuse taset tõstis atsetooni lahus. Eeltoodud tulemustest võib järeldada, et sulfoksafloor
mõjutab eri kimalaspere liikmeid erinevalt.
Antud bakalaureusetöö ning teiste autorite uuringutulemuste põhjal võib järeldada, et
sulfoksaflooril on ohtlik mõju karukimalastele. Tulevikus tasub edasi tegeleda sulfoksafloori
mõju uurimisega teistele tolmeldajatele, et välja selgitada selle pestitsiidi tõeline mõju
tolmeldajatele ning selle sobivus neonikotinoidide asendusainena.
During the 21st century, there has been a sharp decline in the number of pollinators, one of the reasons considered is the frequent use of pesticides. Numerous studies have shown that certain pesticides (such as neonicotinoids) are harmful to bees and the use of these pesticides has been banned. After the ban on neonicotinoids, substitution for these substances was sought and sulfoxomine-based insecticides are considered as possible substitutes. There is currently limited data on the insecticide sulfoxaflor, which is under consideration in this work, as it is a novel pesticide. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sulfoxaflor on the respiratory physiology of different members of the buff-tailed bumblebee (Bombus terrestris) colony (queens, workers and male bumblebees). The experiments were performed in the laboratory of the Estonian University of Life Sciences. Individually caged bumblebees were contactly treated with various solutions containing different concentrations of sulfoxaflor and acetone. The results showed that male bumblebees were the most sensitive to sulfoxaflor, and the results of their carbon dioxide emissions and water loss suggest that sulfoxaflor had a statistically significant effect on these parameters. Sulfoxaflor had significant effect on the diet of male bumblebees. Bumblebee workers experienced a statistically significant effect on the water loss parameters at the LD50 dose. The most resistant were bumblebee queens, which did not show a statistically significant effect on any of the parameters with sulfoxaflor treatments, but their metabolic rate was increased by acetone solution. From the above results, it can be concluded that sulfoxaflor affected different members of the bumblebee family differently. Based on this bachelor's thesis and the research results of other authors, it can be concluded that sulfoxaflor has a dangerous effect on buff-tailed bumblebees. In the future, it will be worthwhile to further investigate the effects of sulfoxaflor on other pollinators in order to determine the true effects of this pesticide on pollinators and its suitability as a substitute for neonicotinoids.
During the 21st century, there has been a sharp decline in the number of pollinators, one of the reasons considered is the frequent use of pesticides. Numerous studies have shown that certain pesticides (such as neonicotinoids) are harmful to bees and the use of these pesticides has been banned. After the ban on neonicotinoids, substitution for these substances was sought and sulfoxomine-based insecticides are considered as possible substitutes. There is currently limited data on the insecticide sulfoxaflor, which is under consideration in this work, as it is a novel pesticide. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sulfoxaflor on the respiratory physiology of different members of the buff-tailed bumblebee (Bombus terrestris) colony (queens, workers and male bumblebees). The experiments were performed in the laboratory of the Estonian University of Life Sciences. Individually caged bumblebees were contactly treated with various solutions containing different concentrations of sulfoxaflor and acetone. The results showed that male bumblebees were the most sensitive to sulfoxaflor, and the results of their carbon dioxide emissions and water loss suggest that sulfoxaflor had a statistically significant effect on these parameters. Sulfoxaflor had significant effect on the diet of male bumblebees. Bumblebee workers experienced a statistically significant effect on the water loss parameters at the LD50 dose. The most resistant were bumblebee queens, which did not show a statistically significant effect on any of the parameters with sulfoxaflor treatments, but their metabolic rate was increased by acetone solution. From the above results, it can be concluded that sulfoxaflor affected different members of the bumblebee family differently. Based on this bachelor's thesis and the research results of other authors, it can be concluded that sulfoxaflor has a dangerous effect on buff-tailed bumblebees. In the future, it will be worthwhile to further investigate the effects of sulfoxaflor on other pollinators in order to determine the true effects of this pesticide on pollinators and its suitability as a substitute for neonicotinoids.
Kirjeldus
Bakalaureusetöö
Aianduse õppekaval
Märksõnad
bakalaureusetööd, insektitsiidid, sulfoksafloor, toksilisus, hingamisfüsioloogia, kimalased