Psühhosotsiaalsed ohutegurid kiirabitöös ning nende seosed töötaja tervise ja kognitiivse töövõimega
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Kuupäev
2023
Kättesaadav alates
09.09.2023
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Kiirabitöötajate ametit võib pidada üheks kõrge riskiga tööks, kuna väljasõidud on seotud
erinevate ootamatute ohuolukordadega, kus tuleb teha kiireid otsuseid ja omada kõrget
erialast vilumust inimelude päästmisel. Edukas kiirabitöö põhineb tõhusal meeskonnatööl,
heal usaldusel ja suhtlusel. Eesmärk: kaardistada tööga seotud psühhosotsiaalsed
ohutegurid (sh kiusamine ja ahistamine tööl) ja nende avaldumisvormid (tööstress,
depressiivsus, läbipõlemine) ning analüüsida nende näitajate seoseid kiirabitöötajate
kognitiivse töövõime ja tervisenäitajatega ning tulemuste põhjal töötada välja
psühhosotsiaalsete riskide ennetamise strateegia. Metoodika: uuritavateks oli Eesti ühe
suurima kiirabiasutuse töötajad (n=550), kes olid vanuses 20-65 ja omasid tööstaaži
kiirabis vähemalt 1 aasta. Uuringus kasutati rahvusvaheliselt valiteeritud
psühhosotsiaalsete ohutegurite küsimustikku COPSOQ III (Copenhagen Psychososcial
Questionnare). Küsimustikus oli 141 küsimust, mille põhjal koostati 37 faktortunnust.
Tulemused: küsimustikule vastas 125 kiirabi töötajat, vastamismäär 22,5%. Neist oli
naisi 67,2% ja mehi 32,8% ning enamus vastajatest olid vanusegrupis 30–49 a.,
tööstaažiga alla 20 a. Kiirabitöö on kõrgete kvantitatiivsete (suur töötempo, napib aega
tööülesannete lõpetamiseks), kognitiivsete (mälu ja tähelepanu vajadus kiirete otsuste
tegemisel) ja emotsionaalsete nõuetega. Olulisel kohal on rolliselgus (eesmärgid, ootused,
vastutus), töö mõttekus (töö on tähtis, motivatsioon kõrge), koostöö, arenguvõimalused,
hea juhtimiskvaliteet (töö planeerimine, tööga rahulolu, õigeaegne konflikti
lahendamine), tunnustamine, õiglus ja austus. Enamus on kogenud vägivallaga
ähvardamist, viiendik füüsilist vägivalda ja kümnendik seksuaalset ahistamist vähemalt
paar korda aastas. Soovimatut seksuaalset tähelepanu on enam kogenud nooremad
kiirabiõed (p=0,04). Laimu ja kuulujuttu töökeskkonnas on täheldanud 83,2% töötajatest
ja enam on seda kogenud kauem töötanud kiirabitöötajad (p=0,02). Korrelatsioonanalüüs
(p=0,0001) näitas, et kiirabitöötajate tervis ja kognitiivne töövõime on eelkõige seotud
stressi (ρ=0,67) ja läbipõlemisega (ρ=0,70), mis omakorda mõjutab enesetõhusust
(ρ=0,34). Järeldused: Psühhosotsiaalsed tegurid kiirabitöös on peamiselt positiivsed.
Kiirabitöötajad hindasid psühhosotsiaalset töökeskkonda üldiselt heaks, on motiveeritud
ja pühendunud tööle, rahul oma töö ja arenguvõimalustega ning hindavad kõrgelt juhtide
ja kolleegide toetust ning usaldust. Antud uurimistöö tulemused on aluseks
psühhosotsiaalsete ohutegurite ennetamise strateegia väljatöötamisel kiirabiteenistuses, et
säilitada ja edendada kiirabiöötajate tervist ja töövõimet. Uurimistöö lõpus esitatud
tegevuskava psühhosotsiaalsete riskide ohjamiseks on praktiliseks juhendmaterjaliks
ennetusstrateegia väljatöötamisel asutuses.
The profession of emergency workers can be considered one of the high-risk jobs due to the emergency trips related to various unexpected dangerous situations. Emergency medicine is a complex work environment in the provision of health care services based on good communication, negotiation, teamwork and trust. The aim of the research was the mapping of main work-related psychosocial risk factors (including bullying and harassment at work) and their manifestations (work stress, depression, burnout) and analyze the relationships between psychosocial risks, health and cognitive capacites, and to develop a strategy for the prevention of work-related psychosocial risks in ambulance work. Material and method. The target subjects were the employees of one of the largest ambulance facilities in Estonia (n=550). The criteria of study group consisted were: age 20-65 and having at least 1 year length of service in ambulance. The internationally validated Copenhagen Psychososcial Questionnaire (COPSOQ III) was used in the study. In total 141 items were in the questionnaire, based on which 37 factor groups were compiled. Results. A response rate was 22,5%,125 ambulance workers responded to the questionnaire. Two third of them (67,2%) were the women and one third (32,8%) the men, and most of them were in age 30–49 years, with service length below 20 years. Emergency work includes in it high quantitative (high work pace, lack of time to complete work tasks), cognitive (need for memory and attention when making quick decisions) and emotional requirements (emotionally difficult work). A high importance at work showed role clarity (goals, expectations, responsibility), job meaningfulness, cooperation, development opportunities, management quality (good job planning, job satisfaction and employee development opportunities), justice and respect (division of work, timely conflict resolution). The majority of employees experienced threats of violence and gossip and slander at least a few times a year. One fifth of emergency workers had experienced physical violence and one tenth sexual harassment. Younger emergency nurses felt more unwanted sexual attention (p=0,04). The most of employees (83.2%) felt slander and gossip in their work environment. Employees with longer service length reported the most often felt slander and gossip than their colleagues with shorter work experience (p=0,02). The correlation analysis showed that stress (ρ=0,67) and burnout (ρ=0,70) were the main factors related to health and cognitive conditions of ambulance workers (p=0,0001). Conclusions: In general, emergency workers rated their psychosocial work environment as good and the observed factors in ambulance work were assessed mainly as positive. Emergency workers highly valued the support and trust of managers and colleagues, were motivated and committed to work and highly satisfied with their work and development opportunities. Sure, slander and gossip are more common at work to release from stress. The results of the present study are the basic materials for development of prevention strategy of psychosocial risks among ambulance workers. The action plan is an important material to work out a strategy for prevention of work-related psychosocial risks to retain and improve health and cognitive capacities of ambulance workers.
The profession of emergency workers can be considered one of the high-risk jobs due to the emergency trips related to various unexpected dangerous situations. Emergency medicine is a complex work environment in the provision of health care services based on good communication, negotiation, teamwork and trust. The aim of the research was the mapping of main work-related psychosocial risk factors (including bullying and harassment at work) and their manifestations (work stress, depression, burnout) and analyze the relationships between psychosocial risks, health and cognitive capacites, and to develop a strategy for the prevention of work-related psychosocial risks in ambulance work. Material and method. The target subjects were the employees of one of the largest ambulance facilities in Estonia (n=550). The criteria of study group consisted were: age 20-65 and having at least 1 year length of service in ambulance. The internationally validated Copenhagen Psychososcial Questionnaire (COPSOQ III) was used in the study. In total 141 items were in the questionnaire, based on which 37 factor groups were compiled. Results. A response rate was 22,5%,125 ambulance workers responded to the questionnaire. Two third of them (67,2%) were the women and one third (32,8%) the men, and most of them were in age 30–49 years, with service length below 20 years. Emergency work includes in it high quantitative (high work pace, lack of time to complete work tasks), cognitive (need for memory and attention when making quick decisions) and emotional requirements (emotionally difficult work). A high importance at work showed role clarity (goals, expectations, responsibility), job meaningfulness, cooperation, development opportunities, management quality (good job planning, job satisfaction and employee development opportunities), justice and respect (division of work, timely conflict resolution). The majority of employees experienced threats of violence and gossip and slander at least a few times a year. One fifth of emergency workers had experienced physical violence and one tenth sexual harassment. Younger emergency nurses felt more unwanted sexual attention (p=0,04). The most of employees (83.2%) felt slander and gossip in their work environment. Employees with longer service length reported the most often felt slander and gossip than their colleagues with shorter work experience (p=0,02). The correlation analysis showed that stress (ρ=0,67) and burnout (ρ=0,70) were the main factors related to health and cognitive conditions of ambulance workers (p=0,0001). Conclusions: In general, emergency workers rated their psychosocial work environment as good and the observed factors in ambulance work were assessed mainly as positive. Emergency workers highly valued the support and trust of managers and colleagues, were motivated and committed to work and highly satisfied with their work and development opportunities. Sure, slander and gossip are more common at work to release from stress. The results of the present study are the basic materials for development of prevention strategy of psychosocial risks among ambulance workers. The action plan is an important material to work out a strategy for prevention of work-related psychosocial risks to retain and improve health and cognitive capacities of ambulance workers.
Kirjeldus
Magistritöö
Ergonoomika õppekaval
Märksõnad
magistritööd, kiirabitöötaja, meeskonnatöö, stress, töökeskkond, töökorraldus, töövägivald