Impact of cropping systems on soil microbiome and barley transcriptome
| dc.contributor.advisor | Loit, Evelin | |
| dc.contributor.author | Esmaeilzadeh Salestani, Keyvan | |
| dc.contributor.department | Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences | eng |
| dc.contributor.other | Singh, Jaswinder (opponent) | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2023-06-07T06:03:37Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2023-06-07T06:03:37Z | |
| dc.date.defensed | 2023-06-16 | |
| dc.date.issued | 2023 | |
| dc.description | A Thesis for applying for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Agriculture. | eng |
| dc.description | Väitekiri filosoofiadoktori kraadi taotlemiseks põllumajanduse erialal. | est |
| dc.description.abstract | Crop production needs to be more sustainable. Farmers are confronted with the challenge to use less nutrients while maintaining food security and other ecosystem services. Therefore, it is essential to examine the agricultural strategies that address sustainability. This dissertation compared the effects of conventional and organic cropping systems on soil biodiversity and gene expression patterns of barley in a five-field crop rotation. Soil DNA analysis showed that all treatments in organic cropping system as well as conventional treatments with low to medium rates of mineral fertilizers increased the diversity and changed the relative abundance of the soil microbiome. Conventional treatment with no added nutrients decreased bacterial and fungal diversity. Yield is important for food security, and thus it is important to understand the processes in the barley plant. The number of differentially expressed genes was higher in conventional treatments, particularly in N2 that received 80 kg of mineral nitrogen per hectare and provided the highest yield, compared to organic treatments. Amide and peptide metabolism and response to acid chemical and inorganic substances were enriched biological processes in studied conventional treatments whereas polysaccharide and glucan metabolic processes were among the dominant biological processes under organic treatments. Expression of ammonium transporters was analysed more precicely over the early stages of crop growth. Up-regulation of HvAMT1;1 started at the anthesis growth stage in the conventional system and its activity had a strong correlation with the nitrogen content of leaves and 1000-kernel weight. Knowledge about the mechanisms being impacted by different nitrogen rates and cropping systems are valuable for agronomists and crop breeders in increasing the sustainability in crop production. | eng |
| dc.description.abstract | Taimekasvatus peab muutuma jätkusuutlikumaks. Taimekasvatajate ees on väljakutse vähema toitainete kogusega säilitada toiduga varustatus ja ökosüsteemi teenuste kättesaadavus. Sellest tulenevalt on võtmetähtsusega uurida kestlikkusele suunatud põllumajanduslikke strateegiaid. Käesolevas doktoritöös uuriti tava- ja mahetaimekasvatuslike süsteemide mõju mulla mikroorganismide mitmekesisusele ja suviodra geeniekspressiooni mustritele viieväljalises külvikorrakatses. Mulla DNA uurimisest tulenes, et maheviljelussüsteem ning madala kuni keskmise mineraalväetise normiga tavaviljeluse variandid parandasid oluliselt mulla mikrobioloogilist mitmekesisust ja mullabakterite ja –seente suhtelist arvukust. Stabiilse saagikuse jaoks on oluline mõista protsesse odrataime sees. Tavaviljeluse variantides oli rohkem erinevalt ekspresseeritud geene võrreldes mahevariantidega. Kõige rohkem aktiivseid geene oli variandis N2 (väetusnorm 80 kg /ha), mis andis ka kõrgeima saagi ja tuhande tera massi. Tavaviljelussüsteemis olid peamised aktiveeritud bioloogilised protsessid amiidide ja peptiidide metabolism ning reaktsioon happe- ja anorgaanilistele ühenditele, samas kui maheviljelussüsteemi variantides olid peamisteks protsessideks polüsahhariidide and glükaani metabolism. Täpsemalt mõõdeti lämmastiku omastamise eest vastutavate geenide nagu ammoonium-transporterite aktiivsust kasvuperioodi esimeses pooles. Geeni HvAMT1;1 ekspressioon kasvas ajas ning oli kõrgeim tavaviljeluse katsevariantides õitsemisfaasis. Selle geeni aktiivsus oli tugevas korrelatsioonis lehtede lämmastikusisalduse ja 1000 tera massiga. Teadmised protsesside ja geenide kohta, mis on mõjutatud mineraallämmastiku erinevast normist ning viljelusviisist on olulised agronoomidele ja sordiaretajatele tegemaks jätkusuutlikumaid valikuid. | est |
| dc.description.sponsorship | Publication of this thesis is supported by the Estonian University of Life Sciences. | eng |
| dc.identifier.isbn | 978-9916-719-13-8 | |
| dc.identifier.issn | 2382-7076 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10492/8492 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://doi.org/10.15159/emu.116 | |
| dc.publisher | Estonian University of Life Sciences | eng |
| dc.relation.ispartofseries | Doctoral Theses of the Estonian University of Life Sciences | eng |
| dc.relation.ispartofseries | Eesti Maaülikooli doktoritööd | est |
| dc.rights | © Keyvan Esmaeilzadeh Salestani 2023 | |
| dc.rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | eng |
| dc.rights.uri | https://www.riigiteataja.ee/en/eli/ee/Riigikogu/act/519062017005/consolide | est |
| dc.subject | dissertatsioonid | est |
| dc.subject | dissertations | eng |
| dc.subject | mikrobioom | est |
| dc.subject | maaviljelus | est |
| dc.subject | külvikord | est |
| dc.subject | oder (teravili) | est |
| dc.subject | geeniekspressioon | est |
| dc.subject | microbiome | eng |
| dc.subject | agriculture | eng |
| dc.subject | crop rotation | eng |
| dc.subject | barley | eng |
| dc.subject | gene expression | eng |
| dc.title | Impact of cropping systems on soil microbiome and barley transcriptome | eng |
| dc.title.alternative | Mulla mikrobioom ja odra transkriptoom eri viljelusviisides | est |
| dc.type | info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis | eng |
| dc.type.qualificationname | PhD |
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