Masinapargi kasutamise efektiivsus Annikoru Teraviljakeskus näitel aastal 2011
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Kuupäev
2012
Kättesaadav alates
ainult raamatukogus, only in library
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Käesoleva bakalaureusetöö teemaks on Masinapargi kasutamise efektiivsus Annikoru Teraviljakeskuse näitel, aastal 2011. Annikoru Teraviljakeskuse alla on koondunud viis ettevõtet, mis kõik tegelevad teravilja- ja õlikultuuride tootmisega. Aastas on vaja Annikoru Teraviljakeskusel harida umbes 2300 hektarit maad.
Bakalaureusetöö aluseks oli Eesti Maaviljelusinstituudi masinapargi algoritmid, millede põhjal arvutati välja masinate kulud. Lisaks antud algoritmidele on kokku koondatud masinate 2011. aasta remondi- ja hoolduskulud. Saadud andmete põhjal tehti Annikoru Teraviljakeskuse masinapargi kulude analüüs aastase töömahu juures ning selgitati välja masinate kasutamise tõhusus, 2011. aastal.
Autori arvates on väga kasulik teada masinapargile tehtavaid kulutusi, kuna antud kulud moodustavad tootmiskuludest kuni 40%. Oluline on see, et masinate kasutamisega seotud andmed oleks korrektsed ja järjepidevalt üles märgitud. Autoripoolne soovitus on jätkata kõikide masinate ja seadmete remondi- ja hooldustööde kulude ülesmärkimist. Selle tulemusel võivad tulevikus välja tulla mõne traktori, kombaini või muu masina, seadme või agregaadi tüüpvead. Samuti annab see hea ülevaate ettevõtetele tekkinud kulutustest ning tänu andmetele on selge, millised masinad või agregaadid vajavad väljavahetamist.
Töös püstitatud ülesanne sai täidetud – leiti Annikoru Teraviljakeskuse masinapargi suurimad kuluallikad aastase töömahu juures ning masinate kasutamise tõhusus.
Antud analüüsi põhjal oli 2011. aasta suurimaks kuluallikaks OÜ Rannu Seeme traktor New Holland TM 165, tema aastased kulud kokku olid 38 857,3€, mis moodustas Annikoru Teraviljakeskuse traktoritele tehtavatest kuludest 22,6%. Selle masina osa töid võiks teha New Holland T7060, kuna masina aastane töömaht on väiksem kui TM 165, samuti on väiksemad antud traktori kulud.
Pilsu Talu suurimaks traktoripargi kuluallikaks 2011. aastal oli New Holland TG 285, millele kulus aasta jooksul 36 263,1€. Aastane töömaht masinal oli 612 töötundi, veidi väiksema töötundide arvuga traktorile New Holland TS 135 A kulus peaaegu poole
vähem raha. Kui TS 135A ei sobi TG 285 töödeks, kuna ei ole nii võimas, tuleks kasutada uut traktorit T8.390. Masin on uus ning kulub vähem kui TG 285.
Teraviljakombainide kulud 2011. aastal olid küllaltki sarnased. Suurimaks kuluks oli mõlema kombaini puhul kütusekulu. Kuna Annikoru Teraviljakeskuse kombainidel ei käi jõud teravilja koristusest üle, renditakse ühte kombaini. See on ilmselt antud hetkel kõige õigem valik, kuna hoiab kokku Teraviljakeskuse kulusid.
Autoripoolne soovitus Teraviljakeskusele kui Põllumajandusühistu Kevili liikmele on tõstatada ühistu koosolekul ettepanek, mis puudutab paljusid põllumehi. Kevilil tuleks tegelema hakata masinate rentimisega, see säästaks paljude teraviljakasvatajate liigseid kulutusi ning annaks Kevilile veel ühe eelise, miks peaksid põllumehed kokku koonduma. Ühistu võiks rentida just kallimaid seadmeid, nagu näiteks teraviljakombainid, kuivatid, elevaatorid ja muu seesugune.
Masinate ja agregaatide 2011. aasta kulud on väga varieeruvad, kuna suuremat osa masinatest kasutatakse vaid kord aastas, on nende kulud ka madalamad. Kuid väetisekülvik Amazone ZGB 8200 on agregaat, mida kasutatakse aastas mitu korda, selle tõttu on suured ka seadmele tehtavad kulud, mis 2011. aastal olid 29 256,5€. Agregaatide ja seadmete puhul on suurimaks kuluallikaks korrashoiu- ja remondikulud.
Kokkuvõtteks võib öelda, et masinapargi kulud on väga erinevad ning kulud sõltuvad masina töömahust, vanusest, kasutusviisist ning masina iseärasustest. Oluline on pidada masinapargi kulude arvestust ning hoida kulud võimalikult madalad ja ühtselt tasakaalus. Annikoru Teraviljakeskus kasutab masinapark efektiivselt ning läbimõeldult, kuna põllumajandusega on tegeletud juba pikalt. Seega on eestvedajatel palju kogemusi ning oskusi hoida masinapargiga seonduvad kulud võimalikult madalad.
Autoripoolne soovitus on koondada masinapark ühe ettevõtte alla ning masinapargi kulud jaotada ettevõtete vahel vastavalt kasutuse määrale. On keeruline teha analüüsi masinapargist, kuna erinevad masinad kuuluvad erinevate ettevõtete alla. Selget ülevaadet on seega keeruline saada. Kõiki maid haritakse samade masinatega, olenemata sellest, millise ettevõtte varade hulka nad kuuluvad. Samas tuleb aga masinatega seonduvad kulud maha arvata selle ettevõtte tegevusest, mille varade hulka
masinad kuuluvad. Teraviljakeskuse puhul on kogu masinapark koondunud Pilsu Talu, OÜ Rannu Seeme ja FIE Meelis Ajaots varade hulka. Need on ettevõtted, mis tasuvad masinatega seonduvad kulud: remondi- ja hoolduskulud, tööjõukulud, kütusekulud, amortisatsiooni jne. See aga ei pruugi olla ettevõtetele kasulik ning seega olekski oluline koondada terve masinapark ühe ettevõtte alla.
The object of this Bachelor’s Thesis is to research THE EFFICIENCY OF MACHINERY USE ACCORDING TO ANNIKORU GRAIN CENTER, IN 2011. This work is written in Estonian; it has 55 pages with two graphs, and 15 tables in empirical section. 28 written sources are used in this Thesis. There are five companies operating under Annikoru Grain Center, all of which are engaged in grain and oil cultivation. Annikoru Grain Center has about 2300 hectares of land to cultivate per year. Algorithms of Estonian Research Institute of Agriculture, on the basis of which the expenses of machinery were calculated, serve as a basis of this Thesis. In addition of these algorithms repair and maintenance costs in 2011 are also counted. This data was used to analyze the expenses of machinery of Annikoru Grain Center per one year in 2011. In author’s opinion, it is very beneficial to know the expenses made for machinery, since these expenses make up to 40% of production costs. It is important, that data regarding employment of machines were accurate and consistent. Author suggests that recording of repair and maintenance costs for every machine and device should be continued. This may reveal standard errors of a tractor, combine, or some other machine, device, aggregate, in the future. It also gives a good abstract of company’s expenses, and shows which machines or aggregates should be renewed. Task that was set up in this work has been accomplished, the biggest cost drivers for machinery of Annikoru Grain Center per year’s workload were detected. The authors suggestion to Grain Center as well as to member of collective farm “Kevili” is raise a matter at the meeting of collective farm, which concerns many farmers – “Kevili” should start rent out machines. This would reduce excessive charges of grain farmers, and give “Kevili” yet another reason to gather local farmers. Collective farm could rent out more expensive devices, such as grain harvesters, grain dryers, elevators and so on. It can be concluded that the expenses of machinery can be quite sundry, and depend on workload, age, utilization, and specialties of a machine. It is essential to keep record of expenses and keep these expenses low and evenly balanced. According to author of this thesis, it is advisable to gather the machinery under one company, and divide expenses of the machinery between all companies according to the extent of employment. It is complicated to analyze a machinery if machines are divided between several companies. All arable land is cultivated with the same assortment of machines regardless of which company they belong to. The expenses related to these machines are deducted from the business of the company that owns this or that machine. On the occasion of Annikoru Grain Center, the entire machinery appears to be the property of Pilsu Talu, LLC Rannu Seeme and Self-employed Meelis Ajaots. These are the participants that defray all the expenses related to machines: repair and maintenance costs, cost of labor, fuel consumption, amortization, etc. This may not be very useful for the companies, ant thus it would be essential to gather the entire machinery under one company.
The object of this Bachelor’s Thesis is to research THE EFFICIENCY OF MACHINERY USE ACCORDING TO ANNIKORU GRAIN CENTER, IN 2011. This work is written in Estonian; it has 55 pages with two graphs, and 15 tables in empirical section. 28 written sources are used in this Thesis. There are five companies operating under Annikoru Grain Center, all of which are engaged in grain and oil cultivation. Annikoru Grain Center has about 2300 hectares of land to cultivate per year. Algorithms of Estonian Research Institute of Agriculture, on the basis of which the expenses of machinery were calculated, serve as a basis of this Thesis. In addition of these algorithms repair and maintenance costs in 2011 are also counted. This data was used to analyze the expenses of machinery of Annikoru Grain Center per one year in 2011. In author’s opinion, it is very beneficial to know the expenses made for machinery, since these expenses make up to 40% of production costs. It is important, that data regarding employment of machines were accurate and consistent. Author suggests that recording of repair and maintenance costs for every machine and device should be continued. This may reveal standard errors of a tractor, combine, or some other machine, device, aggregate, in the future. It also gives a good abstract of company’s expenses, and shows which machines or aggregates should be renewed. Task that was set up in this work has been accomplished, the biggest cost drivers for machinery of Annikoru Grain Center per year’s workload were detected. The authors suggestion to Grain Center as well as to member of collective farm “Kevili” is raise a matter at the meeting of collective farm, which concerns many farmers – “Kevili” should start rent out machines. This would reduce excessive charges of grain farmers, and give “Kevili” yet another reason to gather local farmers. Collective farm could rent out more expensive devices, such as grain harvesters, grain dryers, elevators and so on. It can be concluded that the expenses of machinery can be quite sundry, and depend on workload, age, utilization, and specialties of a machine. It is essential to keep record of expenses and keep these expenses low and evenly balanced. According to author of this thesis, it is advisable to gather the machinery under one company, and divide expenses of the machinery between all companies according to the extent of employment. It is complicated to analyze a machinery if machines are divided between several companies. All arable land is cultivated with the same assortment of machines regardless of which company they belong to. The expenses related to these machines are deducted from the business of the company that owns this or that machine. On the occasion of Annikoru Grain Center, the entire machinery appears to be the property of Pilsu Talu, LLC Rannu Seeme and Self-employed Meelis Ajaots. These are the participants that defray all the expenses related to machines: repair and maintenance costs, cost of labor, fuel consumption, amortization, etc. This may not be very useful for the companies, ant thus it would be essential to gather the entire machinery under one company.
Kirjeldus
Märksõnad
masinapark, efektiivsus, kulude elemendid, kulude kujunemine, teraviljakeskus, bakalaureusetööd