Tatra taimes ja seemnetes esinevate mükotoksiine produtseerivate seente arvukus Eestis ja mükotoksiinidega saastumise risk
Laen...
Kuupäev
2022
Kättesaadav alates
27.08.2022
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Tatra kasvupind Eestis on viimase 10 aasta jooksul kasvanud 13 korda. 2017. aasta seisuga on
kogu tatra pinnast 72% mahetootmises, kus ei tohi kasutada sünteetilisi taimekaitsevahendeid
tõrjumaks võimalikke patogeene. Paraku puudub tatral täna lävend tooraine turule saatmisel
inimorganismile ohtlike mükotoksiinide sisalduse suhtes. Töö eesmärgiks oli koguda erinevad
tatra seemnepartiid ning määrata neis esinevad mükotoksiine tootvad seened ning nende
arvukus. Töös uuriti 8 erinevat partiid 7 erinevalt tootjalt. Nendest kasvatati välja
puhaskultuurid, eraldati DNA ning seente universaalpraimerite abil teostati PCR analüüs.
Saadud produktid sekveneeriti ning järjestuse võrdluses andmebaasidega tuvastati seente
taksonoomiline kuuluvus. Fusarium spp. tuvastamiseks teostati perekonnaspetsiifilise
praimeriga PCR analüüs. Töö tulemusena tuvastati partiidest 29 erinevat seeneliiki või
perekonda, nendest potentsiaalselt mükotoksiine tootvaid oli 14, ehk 48%, kuulusid need
Alternaria, Fusarium, Cladosporium, Aspergillus ja Penicillium perekondadesse. Fusarium spp.
proov oli positiivne kõigil Eesti päritolu partiidel, ainsana oli Fusariumi suhtes negatiivne
Leedust pärit Rimi seemnepartii. Tulemused näitavad, et Eestis turustatavatel tatra partiidel esineb potentsiaalselt mükotoksiine tootvaid seeneliike. Edasi tuleks laiendada analüüsitavate
partiide hulka, et saada ette laiem pilt olukorrast.
The population of buckwheat has grown over 13 times in last 10 years. By the year 2017 72% of its growth area was organic, where using synthetic fungicides is prohibited. Unfortunately there are no limits for mycotoxin contain, that are toxicous for human. The aim of this study was to collect different batches of buckwheat to determine abundance of mycotoxin-producing fungi. Reasearch covered 8 different batches from 7 producers. Purecultures were grown out, DNA was isolated and PCR analysis was performed using universal primers. The resulting product was sequenced and the taxonomic affiliation of the fungi was determined by comparison with databases. For detection of Fusarium spp. PCR analysis with family-specific primers was carried out. As a result of this research 29 different fungal species or families were identified, 14 (48%) of which were potentially mycotoxin-producing, belonging to Alternaria, Fusarium, Cladosporium, Aspergillus and Penicillium families. All of Estonian originated batches were Fusarium positive, only negative was from Lithuania, sold by Rimi. The results show that buckwheat on the Estonian market is contaminated with potentially mycotoxin-producing fungi. Further wider analysis is needed to carry out to get wider picture of fungi potentially contaminating seeds.
The population of buckwheat has grown over 13 times in last 10 years. By the year 2017 72% of its growth area was organic, where using synthetic fungicides is prohibited. Unfortunately there are no limits for mycotoxin contain, that are toxicous for human. The aim of this study was to collect different batches of buckwheat to determine abundance of mycotoxin-producing fungi. Reasearch covered 8 different batches from 7 producers. Purecultures were grown out, DNA was isolated and PCR analysis was performed using universal primers. The resulting product was sequenced and the taxonomic affiliation of the fungi was determined by comparison with databases. For detection of Fusarium spp. PCR analysis with family-specific primers was carried out. As a result of this research 29 different fungal species or families were identified, 14 (48%) of which were potentially mycotoxin-producing, belonging to Alternaria, Fusarium, Cladosporium, Aspergillus and Penicillium families. All of Estonian originated batches were Fusarium positive, only negative was from Lithuania, sold by Rimi. The results show that buckwheat on the Estonian market is contaminated with potentially mycotoxin-producing fungi. Further wider analysis is needed to carry out to get wider picture of fungi potentially contaminating seeds.
Kirjeldus
Magistritöö
Põllumajandussaaduste tootmise ja turustamise õppekaval
Märksõnad
magistritööd, tatar, mükotoksiinid, seened, saastumine