Theoretical and experimental research into impact of threshing tools in combine grain harvesters on quality of cereal crop seeds
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Kuupäev
2020
Kättesaadavus
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Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
The theoretical and experimental research into the micro-damaging of cereal crop seeds
in the process of their harvesting by combine grain harvesters in relation to the strains, forces and
stresses imparted to them by the threshing tools has been carried out. The propagation of
deformations and cracks in the seeds as well as the nature of their strength and the damage that
is sustained, when the critical load is applied, have been investigated. It has been established that
the onset of cracks, the direction of their propagation and their quantity in the bodies of grain
seeds depends in the majority of cases on the direction of action of the external forces and the
specifics of the seeds’ internal biological properties. It has been established that the strength of
the grain seed is, apart from the arisen cracks, also under the significant effect of the microtraumas
in the germ, endosperm as well as the seed coat and shell. Theoretical calculations have been
carried out on the PC and the effect that the drum and rotor threshing apparatus have on the
deformation and damage sustained by cereal crop seeds has been substantiated. The said
calculations and the obtained graphic relations support the results of the experimental
investigations and prove that the macro- and especially micro-damage sustained by the seeds of
winter wheat and rye is different, when they are threshed with the use of different types of
threshing apparatus, which has a considerable impact on the final quality of the harvested cereal
crop seeds. The results obtained in the experimental investigations, field and laboratory tests on
the topic of the effect of mechanical loading on the sustained damage and quality of seeds indicate
that the damage rate accounted for the work processes of the reaping and postharvest treatment
of the cereal crop heaps of different winter wheat varieties with the use of rotor threshing
apparatus is 3.1% as compared to the drum threshing apparatus – 6.4%, that is, 2 times lower.
The total amount of the seeds with microtraumas collected in the hopper after threshing amounts
to 23.0% and 54.0%, respectively, which is a significant difference. Similar results have been
obtained in the experimental investigations on the effect of the equipment on the sustained
damage and quality of seeds in the cleaning, chemical treatment and sowing of cereal crops.
Kirjeldus
Märksõnad
damage, deformation, drum and rotor threshing apparatus, grain, quality, seed, strength, articles