Põldoa (Vicia faba L.) seemnetes säilivate fütopatogeensete seente tuvastamine
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Kuupäev
2025
Kättesaadavus
02.09.2025
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Seemnetega levivad taimehaigused võivad põhjustada suurt saagikadu, seemnete kvaliteedi langust ning halvimal juhul ka mükotoksiinidega saastatust. Põlduba on vastuvõtlik mitmetele seemnetega levivatele seenhaigustele, millest olulisemateks peetakse põldoa-šokolaadilaiksust, laikpõletikku ja erinevaid juurehaiguseid. Magistritöö eesmärgiks oli tuvastada põldoa seemnetes säilivad fütopatogeensed seened ning kindlaks teha nende liigiline mitmekesisus. Katse käigus isoleeriti puhaskultuuri erinevate põldoa sortide seemnetest välja kasvanud seened. Puhaskultuuridelt eraldati DNA ning teostati seente ITS regiooni praimeritega PCR. Seente taksonoomiliseks määramiseks sekveneeriti PCR produktid ja võrreldi saadud sekventse andmebaasides olevate andmetega. Põldoa seemnetest tuvastati kokku kümme seeneperekonda, mis esinemissageduse alusel jaotusid järgnevalt: Alternaria spp., Cladosporium spp., Fusarium spp., Didymella spp., Botrytis spp., Arthrinium spp., Aspergillus spp., Epicoccum spp., Penicillium spp. ja Colletotrichum spp. Antud töö tulemused on kooskõlas teiste sarnaste uurimistöö tulemustega. Tuvastatud perekondadest on põldoale patogeensed Alternaria, Fusarium, Didymella, Botrytis ja Colletotrichum seeneliigid. Nimetatud perekondade esindajad on suutelised põhjustama haiguseid nagu põldoa-šokolaadilaiksus, laikpõletik, kuivlaiksus, hahkhallitus, juuremädanik, närbumistõbi ja antraknoos. Töö tulemustest selgus, et põldoa seemnetes esineb mitmeid erinevaid seenerühmasid, millest paljud on ka fütopatogeensed. Teades paremini põldoa seemnetes säilivate fütopatogeensete seente liigilist mitmekesisust ja bioloogiat, võimaldab see teha paremaid otsuseid haiguste ennetamiseks ja leviku piiramiseks. Edasised uuringud võiksid keskenduda seente määramisele liigitasemeni ning välja selgitada seemnetes säilivate seeneliikide koosseisu mõjutavad tegurid.
Seed-borne plant diseases can cause significant yield losses, reduce seed quality and can lead to contamination with mycotoxins. Broad beans are susceptible to several important seed-borne fungal diseases, including chocolate spot, leaf blight, and various root diseases. The aim of this study was to identify the phytopathogenic fungi present in broad bean seeds and determine their species diversity. Fungi were isolated to pure culture from seeds of various broad bean varieties. DNA was then extracted from these cultures, and PCR was carried out using primers targeting the ITS region. For taxonomic identification, the PCR products were sequenced, and the resulting sequences were compared to entries in relevant databases. Total of ten fungal genera were identified, which based on frequency of occurrence ranked as follows: Alternaria spp., Cladosporium spp., Fusarium spp., Didymella spp., Botrytis spp., Arthrinium spp., Aspergillus spp., Epicoccum spp., Penicillium spp. and Colletotrichum spp. These results are consistent with several similar studies. Among the detected genera, Alternaria, Fusarium, Didymella, Botrytis, and Colletotrichum include species that are pathogenic to broad bean. Species of these genera are known to cause diseases such as chocolate spot, leaf blight, grey mould, root rot, fusarium wilt and anthracnose. The findings of this study indicate that broad bean seeds may harbor a variety of fungal groups, many of which are plant pathogens. Deeper understanding of the species diversity and biology of phytopathogenic fungi persisting in broad bean seeds can contribute to more informed decisions regarding disease prevention and management. Future research could focus on species-level identification and explore the factors that influence fungal composition in seeds.
Seed-borne plant diseases can cause significant yield losses, reduce seed quality and can lead to contamination with mycotoxins. Broad beans are susceptible to several important seed-borne fungal diseases, including chocolate spot, leaf blight, and various root diseases. The aim of this study was to identify the phytopathogenic fungi present in broad bean seeds and determine their species diversity. Fungi were isolated to pure culture from seeds of various broad bean varieties. DNA was then extracted from these cultures, and PCR was carried out using primers targeting the ITS region. For taxonomic identification, the PCR products were sequenced, and the resulting sequences were compared to entries in relevant databases. Total of ten fungal genera were identified, which based on frequency of occurrence ranked as follows: Alternaria spp., Cladosporium spp., Fusarium spp., Didymella spp., Botrytis spp., Arthrinium spp., Aspergillus spp., Epicoccum spp., Penicillium spp. and Colletotrichum spp. These results are consistent with several similar studies. Among the detected genera, Alternaria, Fusarium, Didymella, Botrytis, and Colletotrichum include species that are pathogenic to broad bean. Species of these genera are known to cause diseases such as chocolate spot, leaf blight, grey mould, root rot, fusarium wilt and anthracnose. The findings of this study indicate that broad bean seeds may harbor a variety of fungal groups, many of which are plant pathogens. Deeper understanding of the species diversity and biology of phytopathogenic fungi persisting in broad bean seeds can contribute to more informed decisions regarding disease prevention and management. Future research could focus on species-level identification and explore the factors that influence fungal composition in seeds.
Kirjeldus
Magistritöö
Aianduse õppekaval
Märksõnad
magistritööd, põldoa-šokolaadilaiksus, laikpõletik, liblikõielised, taimehaigused, Roheline Ülikool (töö toetab EMÜ Rohelise Üikooli põhimõtteid), toiduohutus, mahetoit