Perekond männi (Pinus) okka- ja võrsehaiguste leviku dünaamika Eestis
Laen...
Kuupäev
2023
Kättesaadavus
05.09.2023
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Eestis esineb laialdaselt nii metsakultuurides kui ka taimlates majanduslikult tähtsale
harilikule männile ohtlikke haigustekitajaid nagu Dothistroma septosporum, Lophodermium
seditiosum, Cyclaneusma minus, Diplodia sapinea ja Lecanosticta acicola, mis mõjutavad
puu okastikku, sh produktiivset 2. ja 3. aasta okastikku, põhjustades okaste enneaegset
varisemist ning see pidurdab puude radiaalset ja kõrguskasvu.
Lõputöö eesmärkideks oli (1) kindlaks määrata seiretelt kogutud männi (Pinus spp.) proovidel
haigustekitajad ja (2) analüüsida männi okka- ja võrsehaiguste esinemise seoseid Eestis
ilmastikutingimustega.
2018-2021 koguti proove üle Eesti ja Põhja-Lätist ning 2017-2020 Tallinna Botaanikaaiast
(TBA). Proove analüüsiti visuaalselt, sümptomaatilistelt okastelt prepareeriti patogeenide
viljakehad ning hinnati seene eoste esinemist mikroskoobiga. Eestist kogutud männi (Pinus
spp.) proovide põhjal analüüsiti haigustekitajate esinemise sõltuvust ilmastikust.
Kõiki ülalnimetatud haigustekitajaid peale D. sapinea tuvastati Eestis laialdaselt terve
seireperioodi jooksul. Analüüsi tulemused viitavad vähemalt ühe ilmastiku näitaja olulist
mõju (p<0,05) kõigile analüüsitud haigustekitajatele: D. septosporum’it mõjutas nii eelneva
aasta eri perioodide sademete summa kui ka keskmine õhutemperatuur, L. acicola’t ja D.
sapinea’d mõjutas eelneva aasta sademete summa ja C. minus’t mõjutas nii eelneva kui ka
sama aasta vegetatsiooniperioodi õhutemperatuur ja eelneva aasta sügise õhutemperatuur.
Antud töös tehtud mudelid kirjeldasid alla 10% andmestikust, mis tähendab, et need
prognoosivad pigem tagasihoidlikult haigustekitajate esinemist ja levikut. TBA’s oli kõige
arvukam punavöötaud (49 proovil, 31,6%) ja pruunvöötaud (17 proovil, 10,9%).
Töö rõhutab kliima muutuste võimalikku mõju haigustekitajate levikule ning vajadust
valmistada ette praeguseni tagasihoidlikult levinud haigustekitajate tõsisemale kahju
potentsiaalile tulevikus.
Dangerous pathogens such as Dothistroma septosporum, Lophodermium seditiosum, Cyclaneusma minus, Diplodia sapinea and Lecanosticta acicola are widely spread in forest plantations and nurseries in Estonia and pose a threat to the economically important Scots pine by causing premature shedding of the needles, which slows down the radial and height growth of the tree. The aims of this thesis were (1) to identify pathogens from Pinus spp. samples collected during the monitoring period and (2) to analyze the relationship between climate factors and the occurrence of needle and shoot diseases of pine in Estonia. In 2018-2021 samples were collected all over Estonia and Northern Latvia and in 2017-2020 from the Tallinn Botanical Garden (TBA). Samples were analyzed visually, presence of spores of the pathogens was evaluated with a microscope. Based on pine (Pinus spp.) samples collected from Estonia relationship between weather variables and the appearance of pathogens was analyzed. All above mentioned pathogens except D. sapinea were widely present in Estonia during the monitoring period. The result of the analyzes suggest that at least one climate factor had a significant effect (p<0,05) on each analyzed pathogen: D. septosporum was affected by the previous year mean air temperature and sum of rainfall, L. acicola and D. sapinea were affected by previous year sum of rainfall and C. minus was affected by current and previous year vegetation period mean air temperature and previous years fall air temperature. Models used in this thesis described less than 10% of the data, meaning that the used models predict the occurrence and spread of pathogens rather modestly. In TBA, the most abundant pathogens were Dothistroma needle blight (on 49 samples, 31,6%) and brown spot needle blight (on 17 samples, 10,9%). The thesis emphasizes the possible impact of climate change on the spread of pathogens and rises the need to prepare for the potentially more serious damage in the future from pathogens that have spread moderately so far.
Dangerous pathogens such as Dothistroma septosporum, Lophodermium seditiosum, Cyclaneusma minus, Diplodia sapinea and Lecanosticta acicola are widely spread in forest plantations and nurseries in Estonia and pose a threat to the economically important Scots pine by causing premature shedding of the needles, which slows down the radial and height growth of the tree. The aims of this thesis were (1) to identify pathogens from Pinus spp. samples collected during the monitoring period and (2) to analyze the relationship between climate factors and the occurrence of needle and shoot diseases of pine in Estonia. In 2018-2021 samples were collected all over Estonia and Northern Latvia and in 2017-2020 from the Tallinn Botanical Garden (TBA). Samples were analyzed visually, presence of spores of the pathogens was evaluated with a microscope. Based on pine (Pinus spp.) samples collected from Estonia relationship between weather variables and the appearance of pathogens was analyzed. All above mentioned pathogens except D. sapinea were widely present in Estonia during the monitoring period. The result of the analyzes suggest that at least one climate factor had a significant effect (p<0,05) on each analyzed pathogen: D. septosporum was affected by the previous year mean air temperature and sum of rainfall, L. acicola and D. sapinea were affected by previous year sum of rainfall and C. minus was affected by current and previous year vegetation period mean air temperature and previous years fall air temperature. Models used in this thesis described less than 10% of the data, meaning that the used models predict the occurrence and spread of pathogens rather modestly. In TBA, the most abundant pathogens were Dothistroma needle blight (on 49 samples, 31,6%) and brown spot needle blight (on 17 samples, 10,9%). The thesis emphasizes the possible impact of climate change on the spread of pathogens and rises the need to prepare for the potentially more serious damage in the future from pathogens that have spread moderately so far.
Kirjeldus
Bakalaureusetöö
Metsanduse õppekaval
Märksõnad
bakalaureusetööd, männi haigused, kliimamuutused, invasiivsed patogeenid, Tallinna Botaanikaaed