Bergmanni reegli kehtivus tänapäeval
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Kuupäev
2023
Kättesaadavus
07.09.2023
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Bergmanni reegel on üks varasemaid ja tuntumaid ökoloogilisi üldistusi, mis ütleb, et
külmade alade püsisoojased loomaliigid on suuremad kui soojade alade liigid. Siiski pole
siiani kindlalt teada, kas reegel kehtib globaalselt ja kõikidel liikidel või on selle
kontrollimiseks tehtud liiga vähe uurimusi. Käesoleva töö eesmärk on vaadata läbi
varasemalt koostatud teaduslikud artikleid ning teha kindlaks, kuidas ja millistel juhtudel
Bergmanni reegel tänapäeval kehtib. Sobivate uurimuste leidmiseks kasutati otsingumootorit
Google Scholar, sisestades märksõna “Bergmann’s rule”. Vaadati läbi esimesed 87 artiklit,
millest teemakohaseks osutus 47. Bergmanni reeglit suudeti tõestada 21 artiklis ning ei
suudetud tõestada 19 artiklis. Üldiselt kehtis reegel väiksematel liikidel sagedamini kui
suurematel liikidel. Suurim osa uuringuid tehti Lõuna- ja Põhja-Ameerikas, teisel kohal oli
Euroopa/Palearktika alad. Kõige tavalisemalt mõõdeti kas keha suurust või pea/kolju
omadusi ja lindude puhul tiibade pikkust. Selleks, et teha kindlaks reegli kehtivust, tuleks
teha rohkem ja suuremal määral uuringuid erinevatel liikidel.
Bergmann´s rule is one of the earliest and the most popular ecological rules, saying that within geographically widely distributed taxonomic clades, species of larger size are found in colder regions, while species of smaller size are found in warmer regions. It is not known, however, whether the rule holds worldwide, and in all species, or whether there are still too few studies to draw conclusions. The aim of this thesis is to study, with the help of published papers, whether the Bergmann´s rule holds and under which circumstances. Papers were searched in Google Scholar with the keyword “Bergmann´s rule”. The first 87 papers were downloaded, out of which 47 proved to be relevant. The results show that there were 21 papers in which Bergmann´s rule was supported, and 19 papers in which Bergmann´s rule was not supported. The results show that the rule was rather supported in species of smaller size than in species of larger size. Most of the studies were conducted in South and North America, followed by Europe/Palearctic. In addition to general body size, the size of head/skull, and wing length in birds, were used as measures to study the Bergmann´s rule. It can be concluded that still more studies are needed and in more species, to test the validity of the Bergmann´s rule.
Bergmann´s rule is one of the earliest and the most popular ecological rules, saying that within geographically widely distributed taxonomic clades, species of larger size are found in colder regions, while species of smaller size are found in warmer regions. It is not known, however, whether the rule holds worldwide, and in all species, or whether there are still too few studies to draw conclusions. The aim of this thesis is to study, with the help of published papers, whether the Bergmann´s rule holds and under which circumstances. Papers were searched in Google Scholar with the keyword “Bergmann´s rule”. The first 87 papers were downloaded, out of which 47 proved to be relevant. The results show that there were 21 papers in which Bergmann´s rule was supported, and 19 papers in which Bergmann´s rule was not supported. The results show that the rule was rather supported in species of smaller size than in species of larger size. Most of the studies were conducted in South and North America, followed by Europe/Palearctic. In addition to general body size, the size of head/skull, and wing length in birds, were used as measures to study the Bergmann´s rule. It can be concluded that still more studies are needed and in more species, to test the validity of the Bergmann´s rule.
Kirjeldus
Bakalaureusetöö
Keskkonnakaitse õppekaval
Märksõnad
bakalaureusetööd, Bergmanni reegel, keha suurus, kolju suurus, laiuskraad, loomaökoloogia, temperatuur, tiiva pikkus