Eelisoleeritud kaugkütte terastorustikul lekke avastamine signaaltraatide abil
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Kuupäev
2025
Kättesaadav alates
10.09.2025
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Olen töötanud üle kümme aastat ettevõttes AS KE Infra, mis tegeleb erinevate
infrastruktuuri ehitusprojektidega, sealhulgas kaugküttetorustike ehituse ja
rekonstrueerimisega. Kaugkütte torustike rajamisel tuleb jälgida mitmeid nõudeid ning
tingimusi, millest üks olulisemaid on lekkeotsimissüsteemi ehitus. Kahjuks on selle
süsteemi kohta saadaval olev teave üsna piiratud ja killustatud. Minu väljaõpe on
põhinenud tööprojektide dokumentatsioonil, eelisoleeritud materjalide tootjate juhistel
ning kolleegide ja võrguvaldajate jagatud praktilistel teadmistel.
Käesolev bakalaurusetöö teema valik põhineb kolmel peamisel töö osal:
Kogutud informatsiooni süstematiseerimine ja dokumenteerimine;
Teema analüüsimine ning järelduste tegemine;
Lihtsustatud käsiraamatu loomine enda ja teiste huviliste jaoks, mis selgitab
lekkeotsimissüsteemi tööpõhimõteid ja ülesehitust.
Kaugküttetorustik on oluline tehnovõrk, mis tagab soojuse jaotamise kõikide tarbijate ja
tootjate vahel. Varasemalt kasutati soojustorustike ehitamisel tavalisi terastorusid, mis
paigaldati maapinnale või maasse raudbetoonkünadesse. Viimaste arengute käigus on
välja töötatud eelisoleeritud torustikud, mis koosnevad järgmistest komponentidest:
Toru HDPE (polüetüleen) kestast, mis kaitseb toru mehaaniliste vigastuste ja
pinnasevee mõjude eest.
PUR (polüuretaan vaht) soojusisolatsioonist, mis vähendab soojuskadusid.
Terastorust, mille kaudu tsirkuleerib kuum, töödeldutud ja pehmendatud vesi.
PUR isolatsiooni on sisse integreeritud signaaltraadid, mis on valmistatud vasest ning
toimivad efektiivsete elekrtrijuhtidena. Nende abil on võrguvaldajail võimalik jälgida
tehnovõrgu seisundit ning avastada lekkekohti ja kahjustusi. Peamine mõõteseade
signaaltraatide kontrollimiseks on takistusmõõtja ehk megger. Rikke täpseks
lokaliseerimiseks kasutatakse reflektomeetrit.
Lõputöö koostamisel soovin avaldada tänu oma kolleegidele, AS Utilitas Tallinn
võrguvaldajatele ning oma juhendajale Igor Krupenskile, kes on Eesti
soojusenergeetikateadlane. Tema teadustöö keskendub peamiselt kaugkütte valdkonnale
ning ta on avaldanud mitmeid teadusartikleid sel teemal.
I have been working for over ten years at AS KE Infra, a company engaged in various infrastructure projects, including the construction and reconstruction of district heating pipelines. The installation of pre-insulated heating pipelines must comply with numerous requirements and conditions, one of the most important being the implementation of a leak detection system. Unfortunately, the available information on this system is quite limited and fragmented. My training has primarily been based on project documentation, manufacturer guidelines for pre-insulated materials, as well as practical knowledge shared by colleagues and network operators. The selection of this bachelor's thesis topic is based on three main parts of the work: Systematizing and documenting the collected information. Analyzing this topic and drawing conclusions. Creating a simplified manual for myself and other interested parties, explaining the operating principles and structure of the leak detection system. District heating pipelines are a crucial part of the infrastructure that ensures the distribution of heat between all consumers and producers. Previously, conventional steel pipelines were used in the construction of district heating networks, and they were either installed above ground or placed in reinforced concrete ducts underground. However, due to recent technological advancements, pre-insulated pipelines have been developed, which consist of the following components: An outer HDPE (high-density polyethylene) casing, which protects the pipe from mechanical damage and groundwater exposure. PUR (polyurethane foam) thermal insulation, which minimizes heat loss. A steel pipe, through which hot and treated (softened) water circulates. Inside the PUR insulation, copper signal wires are integrated, functioning as highly effective electrical conductors. These wires allow the network operator to monitor the condition of the infrastructure and detect leaks or damage. The primary measuring device used to inspect the signal wires is the resistance meter (megger). For accurate fault localization, a reflectometer is used. In the preparation of this bachelor's thesis, I would like to express my gratitude to my colleagues, the network operators of AS Utilitas Tallinn, and my supervisor Igor Krupenski, an Estonian termal energy scientist. His research focuses primarily on district heating, and he has published multiple academic articles on this topic.
I have been working for over ten years at AS KE Infra, a company engaged in various infrastructure projects, including the construction and reconstruction of district heating pipelines. The installation of pre-insulated heating pipelines must comply with numerous requirements and conditions, one of the most important being the implementation of a leak detection system. Unfortunately, the available information on this system is quite limited and fragmented. My training has primarily been based on project documentation, manufacturer guidelines for pre-insulated materials, as well as practical knowledge shared by colleagues and network operators. The selection of this bachelor's thesis topic is based on three main parts of the work: Systematizing and documenting the collected information. Analyzing this topic and drawing conclusions. Creating a simplified manual for myself and other interested parties, explaining the operating principles and structure of the leak detection system. District heating pipelines are a crucial part of the infrastructure that ensures the distribution of heat between all consumers and producers. Previously, conventional steel pipelines were used in the construction of district heating networks, and they were either installed above ground or placed in reinforced concrete ducts underground. However, due to recent technological advancements, pre-insulated pipelines have been developed, which consist of the following components: An outer HDPE (high-density polyethylene) casing, which protects the pipe from mechanical damage and groundwater exposure. PUR (polyurethane foam) thermal insulation, which minimizes heat loss. A steel pipe, through which hot and treated (softened) water circulates. Inside the PUR insulation, copper signal wires are integrated, functioning as highly effective electrical conductors. These wires allow the network operator to monitor the condition of the infrastructure and detect leaks or damage. The primary measuring device used to inspect the signal wires is the resistance meter (megger). For accurate fault localization, a reflectometer is used. In the preparation of this bachelor's thesis, I would like to express my gratitude to my colleagues, the network operators of AS Utilitas Tallinn, and my supervisor Igor Krupenski, an Estonian termal energy scientist. His research focuses primarily on district heating, and he has published multiple academic articles on this topic.
Kirjeldus
Bakalaurusetöö
Tehnika ja tehnoloogia õppekaval
Märksõnad
bakalaureusetööd, lekkeotsimissüsteem, soojusenergia, polüetüleen, polüuretaan, vasest elektrijuht, takistus, megger, reflektomeeter