Põllumajandustehnikaga seotud õnnetusriskide kvalitatiivne analüüs
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Kuupäev
2024
Kättesaadav alates
07.09.2024
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Põllumajandussektoris on küll viimastel aastakümnetel langenud töötajate arv, kuid raskete vigastustega lõppenud tööõnnetuste määr on püsivalt kõrge. Tööõnnetuste uurimisel on Eestis siiani kasutatud valdavalt kvantitatiivseid meetodeid, mis ei võimalda jõuda õnnetuste tegelike põhjusteni. Magistritöö eesmärgiks on analüüsida põllumajandustehnikaga toimunud vigastuste juurpõhjuseid ja tagajärgi kannatanute hulgas ning töötada välja raskete tööõnnetuste kvalitatiivne analüüsimeetod.
Uuringusse kaasati Eesti põllumajandusettevõtte looma- ja taimekasvatuse alavaldkonnas töötavad töölised, kes on töötamisel põllumajandustehnikaga sattunutud raskesse tööõnnetusse. Uuritavate leidmiseks tehti üleskutse Tööinspektsiooni kodulehel, Eesti põllumajandusettevõtetele (n=193) masspostituse ja sotsiaalmeedia kanalite kaudu.
Uuring viidi läbi kvalitatiivsetel meetoditel: struktureeritud intervjuud, veapuu analüüs ning kognitiivsete tööülesannete analüüs. Intervjuudele lisaks analüüsiti võrdlevalt Iirimaa Riikliku Tervise- ja Ohutusameti koostatud õppefilme sarnastest juhtumitest. Magistritöö käigus välja töötatud kvalitatiivne analüüsimeetod võimaldas tuvastada põllumajandustehnikaga toimunud vigastuste juurpõhjuseid ja tagajärgi kannatanute hulgas. Struktureeritud intervjuude kaudu selgitati välja juurpõhjused, milleks olid seadme ebaõige käsitlemine, seadme rike, ebasobivad põllumajandustehnika remondi võtted. Enamesinevad tööõnnetuse sõlmpunktid olid: töökorralduslikud puudujäägid, tähelepanu häiritus, ilmastikust tingitud tegurid ja puudused seadmete või masinate turvamehhanismide kasutamisel. Peamised kognitiiv-käitumuslikud tegurid olid: vale situatsiooniteadlikkuse hindamine töötaja poolt, probleemide lahendamisel tehtud valed otsused, ajasurve ja sellest tingitud kiirustamine ning tähelepanu häiritus otsuste langetamisel. Põllumajandustehnikaga toimunud õnnetusjuhtumite õppefilmide analüüsis toodi välja sündmuste käigu erisusi ja sarnasusi intervjuudes käsitletud juhtumitega. Välja töötatud kvalitatiivne uurimismeetod võimaldab tuvastada tööõnnetuste tegelikke põhjuseid, mida arvesse võttes on võimalik koostada tõhusamaid õppematerjale vältimaks sarnaseid tööõnnetusi tulevikus.
In the agricultural sector, although the number of workers has decreased over the last few decades, the rate of work accidents resulting in severe injuries remains persistently high. In Estonia, research on work accidents has predominantly used quantitative methods, which do not allow for identifying the actual causes of the accidents. The aim of the master's thesis is to analyze the root causes and consequences of injuries caused by agricultural machinery among the victims and to develop a qualitative analysis method for severe work accidents. The study included workers from the animal and crop production sub-sectors of an Estonian agricultural company, who have been involved in a severe work accident related to agricultural machinery. To find the subjects, a call for victims was made on the Labor Inspectorate web-page and to the Estonian agricultural companies (n=193) via mass mailing and social media channels. The research was conducted using qualitative methods: structured interviews, fault tree analysis, and analysis of cognitive tasks. In addition to the interviews, educational films on similar cases prepared by the Irish National Health and Safety Authority were analyzed comparatively. The qualitative analysis method developed during the master's thesis enabled the identification of the root causes and consequences of injuries caused by agricultural machinery among the victims. The main root causes were identified through structured interviews, which included improper handling of the device, device malfunction and inappropriate agricultural machinery repair techniques. The most often critical points of the accident were identified as organizational shortcomings, distracted attention, weather-related factors, and deficiencies in the use of safety mechanisms in equipment or machinery. The main cognitive-behavioral factors were incorrect assessment of situation awareness by the employee, wrong decisions made in problem-solving, time pressure and the resulting haste, and attention disruption during decision-making. The analysis of educational films about agricultural machinery accidents highlighted the differences and similarities during events compared to the cases discussed in the interviews. The developed qualitative research method allows for identifying the real causes of work accidents, based on which more effective educational materials can be created to prevent similar accidents in the future.
In the agricultural sector, although the number of workers has decreased over the last few decades, the rate of work accidents resulting in severe injuries remains persistently high. In Estonia, research on work accidents has predominantly used quantitative methods, which do not allow for identifying the actual causes of the accidents. The aim of the master's thesis is to analyze the root causes and consequences of injuries caused by agricultural machinery among the victims and to develop a qualitative analysis method for severe work accidents. The study included workers from the animal and crop production sub-sectors of an Estonian agricultural company, who have been involved in a severe work accident related to agricultural machinery. To find the subjects, a call for victims was made on the Labor Inspectorate web-page and to the Estonian agricultural companies (n=193) via mass mailing and social media channels. The research was conducted using qualitative methods: structured interviews, fault tree analysis, and analysis of cognitive tasks. In addition to the interviews, educational films on similar cases prepared by the Irish National Health and Safety Authority were analyzed comparatively. The qualitative analysis method developed during the master's thesis enabled the identification of the root causes and consequences of injuries caused by agricultural machinery among the victims. The main root causes were identified through structured interviews, which included improper handling of the device, device malfunction and inappropriate agricultural machinery repair techniques. The most often critical points of the accident were identified as organizational shortcomings, distracted attention, weather-related factors, and deficiencies in the use of safety mechanisms in equipment or machinery. The main cognitive-behavioral factors were incorrect assessment of situation awareness by the employee, wrong decisions made in problem-solving, time pressure and the resulting haste, and attention disruption during decision-making. The analysis of educational films about agricultural machinery accidents highlighted the differences and similarities during events compared to the cases discussed in the interviews. The developed qualitative research method allows for identifying the real causes of work accidents, based on which more effective educational materials can be created to prevent similar accidents in the future.
Kirjeldus
Magistritöö
Ergonoomika õppekaval
Märksõnad
magistritööd, seadmed, masinad, vigastused, kognitiivne meetod, intervjuu