Eesti kohalike omavalitsuste huvid mereala ruumilisel planeerimisel
Laen...
Kuupäev
2019
Kättesaadav alates
12.09.2019
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Nõudlus mereressursside järele suurendab merekeskkonnas inimtegevust, mis omakorda
põhjustab järjest tugevamat survet merealade kasutamisele. Erinevate valdkondade
koostoimimiseks ja huvide tasakaalustamiseks võtsid 2014. aastal Euroopa Parlament ja
Nõukogu vastu direktiivi 2014/98/EL, mis kehtestab mereruumi planeerimise raamistiku.
Direktiivi kohaselt tuleb liikmesriikidel mereruumi planeeringud kehtestada hiljemalt 2021.
aasta 31. märtsiks.
Eestis algatati 2017. aastal üleriigiline mereala teemaplaneering mereruumi pikaajaliseks
kavandamiseks. Selle planeeringu raames hinnatakse Eesti kohalike omavalitsuste vajadusi
ja huve mereala planeerimisel ja kasutuse reguleerimisel, mille uurimine suunati käesoleva
magistritöö autorile. Käesoleva magistritöö eesmärk on välja selgitada, millised on Eesti
kohalike omavalitsuste huvid mereala planeerimisel ja merel toimuvate tegevuste
reguleerimisel. Eesmärgi täitmiseks koguti informatsiooni kolmel erineval meetodil:
kirjandus- ja dokumendianalüüs, küsitlus ja fookusgrupi intervjuu.
Magistritöö tulemustest selgub, et Eesti kohalikel omavalitsustel on huvi mereplaneerimise
vastu nii praegu kui ka tulevikus. Planeerida soovikisd nad kõiki võimalikke merekasutusi,
välja arvatud riigikaitset ja julgeolekut, mis peaksid jääma riigi pädevusse. Omavalitsuste
planeerimisulatuse soov jäi üldiselt rannikust kuni 1 meremiili kauguseni. Tulemuste põhjal
saab järeldada, et mereala planeerimisel saab kasutada maismaal välja kujunenud
planeerimissüsteemi, seda vastavalt mereruumile kohandades. Sellisel juhul kohalikud
omavalitsused planeeriksid 1 meremiili ulatuses, maakonnad territoriaalmereni ning riik
majandusvööndini. Planeerimissüsteemi komplekssemaks muutmiseks tehti ettepanek
arvata kohaliku omavalitsusega piirnev rannikust kuni 1 meremiili suurune ala kohaliku
omavalitsuse administratiivpiiridesse. Planeerimisõiguste laiendamine toob kaasa
koolitusvajaduse ning kohalikud omavalitused sooviksid planeeringuprotsessi kaasata
mereala spetsialiste ja planeerimiskonsultante.
Merealade planeerimise teema on aktuaalne nii Eestis kui ka teistes Euroopa riikides, sest
mereressursside kasutamine on kujunenud oluliseks majandustegevuseks. Seega on nende
ressurssidega jätkusuutlik ja otstarbekas majandamine hädavajalik, saavutades ja säilitades
samal ajal ka merekeskkonna hea seisundi. Käesoleva magistritöö tulemusi võetakse arvesse
kohalike omavalitsuste planeerimisõiguste laiendamiste ettepanekute koostamisel, mis
lisatakse hetkel koostamisel olevasse Eesti mereala planeeringusse.
The demand for maritime resources increases human activities in marine environment, which in turn causes even stronger pressure on the usage of marine spaces. For different fields to coexists and to balance the interests, European Parliament and the Council accepted the directive 2014/98/EL in 2014 that establishes a framework for maritime spatial planning (MSP). According to the directive each Member State has to establish MSP at the latest of 31th March of 2021. In 2017 Estonia initiated thematic national spatial plan of Estonian marine areas for devising long-term sea usage. In frame of the national MSP Estonian local municipalities’ needs and interests of maritime planning and usage regulations are assessed. The research of the local municipalities’ needs and interests was directed to the author of this Master’s Thesis. The objective of this Master’s Thesis is to find out, which are the interests of local municipalities on maritime planning and on the regulations of the marine activites. To accomplish the goal of this paper information was collected in three different methods: literature and document analysis, questionnaire and focus group interview. The results of the Master’s Thesis show that the Estonian local municipalities are interested in maritime planning in the present as in the future. They would like to plan all the possible marine usages, except national defence and security, which should be left under the national jurisdiction. The scope area of the municipal planning was proposed to be one nautical mile from the coast. Based on the results, the planning system developed on mainland could also be adjusted to marine areas according to its features. In this case, local municipalities will plan the marine area one nautical mile from the coast, counties to the territorial waters and country to the exclusive economic zone. To make the planning system more complex, it was purposed that the area one nautical mile from the coast will be added to the local municipality’s administrative borders. If the local municipalities get the right to plan marine area, need for different trainings is required. They would also like to include specialists and planning consultants into the planning process. MSP is currently actual in Estonia and other European countries due to economical importance of the marine resources. Therefore the sustainable and rational management of the marine resources is essential, whereas also maintaining the good condition of marine environment. The results of this Master’s Thesis will be considered in the Estonian MSP process.
The demand for maritime resources increases human activities in marine environment, which in turn causes even stronger pressure on the usage of marine spaces. For different fields to coexists and to balance the interests, European Parliament and the Council accepted the directive 2014/98/EL in 2014 that establishes a framework for maritime spatial planning (MSP). According to the directive each Member State has to establish MSP at the latest of 31th March of 2021. In 2017 Estonia initiated thematic national spatial plan of Estonian marine areas for devising long-term sea usage. In frame of the national MSP Estonian local municipalities’ needs and interests of maritime planning and usage regulations are assessed. The research of the local municipalities’ needs and interests was directed to the author of this Master’s Thesis. The objective of this Master’s Thesis is to find out, which are the interests of local municipalities on maritime planning and on the regulations of the marine activites. To accomplish the goal of this paper information was collected in three different methods: literature and document analysis, questionnaire and focus group interview. The results of the Master’s Thesis show that the Estonian local municipalities are interested in maritime planning in the present as in the future. They would like to plan all the possible marine usages, except national defence and security, which should be left under the national jurisdiction. The scope area of the municipal planning was proposed to be one nautical mile from the coast. Based on the results, the planning system developed on mainland could also be adjusted to marine areas according to its features. In this case, local municipalities will plan the marine area one nautical mile from the coast, counties to the territorial waters and country to the exclusive economic zone. To make the planning system more complex, it was purposed that the area one nautical mile from the coast will be added to the local municipality’s administrative borders. If the local municipalities get the right to plan marine area, need for different trainings is required. They would also like to include specialists and planning consultants into the planning process. MSP is currently actual in Estonia and other European countries due to economical importance of the marine resources. Therefore the sustainable and rational management of the marine resources is essential, whereas also maintaining the good condition of marine environment. The results of this Master’s Thesis will be considered in the Estonian MSP process.
Kirjeldus
Magistritöö
Geodeesia ja maakorralduse õppekaval
Märksõnad
magistritööd, merealad, planeeringud, kohalikud omavalitsused, planeerimisõigus