Põllumajandustootjate maakasutuste killustatuse uurimus
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Kuupäev
2017
Kättesaadav alates
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Nagu iga ettevõte, soovivad ka põllumajandustootjad väikeste tootmiskuludega maksimaalset tulu
teenida. Põllumajandustootmise kontekstis on aga mitmeid tegureid, mis seda pärsivad. Üheks
oluliseks aspektiks on ebaefektiivne maakasutus, sealjuures maatükkide killustatus ning kehvad
ruumilised omadused.
Käesoleva töö eesmärk on uurida põllumajandustootjate maakasutuste ruumilisi omadusi,
eelkõige analüüsida maakasutuste füüsilist killustatust, aga ka rendimaade kasutussuhteid. Töö
empiiriline osa on koostatud juhtumiuuringu meetodil, kus uurimisobjektideks on kolm
põllumajandustootjat. Harjumaalt osutusid uuritavateks ettevõteteks Saidafarm OÜ ning AS
Metsaküla Piim. Põlvamaalt uuriti Pirmastu OÜ maakasutust.
Tootjate maakasutuste killustatuse hindamiseks arvutati Januszewski ja Schmooki koefitsiendid.
Nimetatud koefitsientide erinevus seisneb selles, et Januszewski koefitsiendi väärtus sõltub
maatükkide arvust ja pindaladest, kuid Schmooki koefitsient vaid pindaladest. Arvutatud
koefitsientide põhjal selgus, et uuritud tootjate maakasutused on võrdlemisi killustunud, sest
maatükid paiknevad hajutatult suurel alal.
Peale killustatuse uuriti kasutussuhete põhjal rendimaade osakaalu ning maakasutuspuuduseid.
Lisaks analüüsiti kasutussuhete alusel maakasutuste kõlvikulist jaotust. Selgus, et uuritud tootjate
maakasutused koosnevad valdavalt rendimaadest, kus kõige enam renditakse füüsilistelt isikutelt.
Lisaks saadi teada, et põllud on tihtipeale väikesed, ebakorrapäraste kujudega ning leidub objekte,
mis takistavad põldude täiel määral harimist.
Selleks, et saada selgemat ülevaadet Eesti põllumajandustootjate maakasutuste olukordadest,
oleks tarvilik läbi viia jätku-uuringuid. Samas teatakse, et killustatuse probleem on nii Eestis kui
ka mujal maailmas eksisteeriv. Kuna mitmed riigid on jõudnud selle vähendamisega positiivsete
tulemusteni, võiks seetõttu ka Eesti tugineda teiste riikide edukatele kogemustele ning neid
rakendada.
Every company wants to earn maximum profit with low costs, and agricultural holdings are no exception. In case of agricultural production, there are many aspects, that depress lucrativeness. One of the most important factor is inefficient land use, land fragmentation and poor spatial properties. The aim of this research is to analyze agricultural land use spatial properties, including land use fragmentation and land relations. Empirical research has been carried out with case study method, where research subjects were three agricultural holdings. From Harju county, author investigated Saidafarm OÜ and AS Metsaküla Piim. Pirmastu OÜ was investigated from Põlva county. In order to evaluate land use fragmentation, Januszewskis and Schmook coefficients were calculated. The difference between coefficients lies in the values used, Januszewskis` value depends on the number of land plots and their area, but Schmooks` depends only on areas. The results showed that investigated agricultural landholdings are relatively fragmented, because land parcels are spread on a large area. Besides fragmentation, rental land use and land use inefficiencies were analyzed. Also, land type consistent was investigated by land use relations. It was found that farmers mainly use rental land, where majority comes from natural persons. Furthermore, fields are often small, with irregular shapes and there are objects, that prevent field cultivation in full extent. To get a clearer view of Estonian agricultural landholdings, other surveys and studies must be carried out. At the same time, the excistence of land use fragmentation is present and known. Many countries have positive expreniences in decreasing the level of fragmentation and, therefore, Estonia should rely on those practices.
Every company wants to earn maximum profit with low costs, and agricultural holdings are no exception. In case of agricultural production, there are many aspects, that depress lucrativeness. One of the most important factor is inefficient land use, land fragmentation and poor spatial properties. The aim of this research is to analyze agricultural land use spatial properties, including land use fragmentation and land relations. Empirical research has been carried out with case study method, where research subjects were three agricultural holdings. From Harju county, author investigated Saidafarm OÜ and AS Metsaküla Piim. Pirmastu OÜ was investigated from Põlva county. In order to evaluate land use fragmentation, Januszewskis and Schmook coefficients were calculated. The difference between coefficients lies in the values used, Januszewskis` value depends on the number of land plots and their area, but Schmooks` depends only on areas. The results showed that investigated agricultural landholdings are relatively fragmented, because land parcels are spread on a large area. Besides fragmentation, rental land use and land use inefficiencies were analyzed. Also, land type consistent was investigated by land use relations. It was found that farmers mainly use rental land, where majority comes from natural persons. Furthermore, fields are often small, with irregular shapes and there are objects, that prevent field cultivation in full extent. To get a clearer view of Estonian agricultural landholdings, other surveys and studies must be carried out. At the same time, the excistence of land use fragmentation is present and known. Many countries have positive expreniences in decreasing the level of fragmentation and, therefore, Estonia should rely on those practices.
Kirjeldus
Magistritöö
Maakorralduse ja kinnisvara planeerimise õppekaval
Märksõnad
magistritööd, maakasutus, ruumilised omadused, Januszewski
koefitsient, Schmooki koefitsient, maakasutussuhted, killustatus