Fotoelektrilise-soojuskollektori kavandamine ja ehitus
Laen...
Kuupäev
2015
Kättesaadav alates
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Nüüdisajal paigaldatakse üha rohkem päikese energia seadeldisi, et vähendada fossiilsete
kütuste kasutamist. Päikeseenergia kasutamise levikule on kaasa aidanud komponentide hinna
langused ja seadmete efektiivsuse kasv. Päikeseenergia kasutamise süsteeme võib jagada
kaheks; sooja tootmine ja elektri tootmine. Elektrit tootvad päikesepaneelid on laialdasemalt
kasutusel, sest elektri energiat on lihtsam üle kanda ning seda saab tagasi soojuseks,
mehhaniliseks liikumiseks ja valguseks muundada.
Enamus päikesepaneele muundavad 10...20% temale langevas kiirgusest elektriks. Ülejäänust
kiirgusest osa peegeldub, aga enamus muutub soojuseks. Üsna palju arendatakse
hübriid süsteemi, mis suudab toota mõlemat energialiiki, kuigi soojuskollektorid ise
võimaldavad kõrgemaid veetemperatuure. Fotoelektrilised-soojuskollektorid aitavad tõsta
elektri tootlikkuse kasutegurit ning neid saab kasutada piiratud katusepinnaga hoonetel.
Antud töö eesmärgiks oli välja pakkuda suletud vedelik ringlusega fotoelektrilisesoojuskollektori
lahendus. Esmalt oli vaja päikesepaneeli mõõdud valida. Otsus tehti Päikese
järgija põhjal, mis on juba valmis tehtud. Kuna kõige sobivamaks osutus vedelikjahutus, siis
selle järgi sai kujundada vaja mineva torustiku. Et toru oleks lihtsam painutada, valiti
materjaliks pehme vask. Paneeli suurusest sõltus ka toru kinnitamiseks vaja mineva pleki
kogus. Kasutades töös välja pakutud lahendust, ehitati fotoelektriline- soojuskollektor valmis.
Nowadays, increasing amount of solar energy converting systems are used to reduce the energy consumption of fossil fuels. The usage spreading is thanks to the fall of the prices and improved efficiencies. These systems can be divided into two general categories: heat generators and electricity generators. Electricity generating photovoltaic panels are more widely used, because electricity is easier to transmit and can be transformed back into heat, motion and light. A typical PV panel can convert around 10...20% of the radiation into electricity. From the remaining, some is reflected, but most of it is converted into heat. Even though thermal collectors can achieve higher water temperatures on their own, notable amount of research has gone into making a hybrid system, that can do both. Developing a new photovoltaic-thermal system improves the efficiency of the photovoltaics and can be used on buildings, where roof area is restricted. The aim of this thesis was to present a design for a closed liquid-based photovoltaic-thermal collector. First of all, the size of the solar panel had to be chosen. This was done according to the already built solar tracker. Because liquid cooling suited best, the piping could be designed. To ease the bending process, soft copper material was chosen. The amount of sheet aluminium needed was also dependant on the solar panel size. Based on the design, a photovoltaic-thermal collector was built.
Nowadays, increasing amount of solar energy converting systems are used to reduce the energy consumption of fossil fuels. The usage spreading is thanks to the fall of the prices and improved efficiencies. These systems can be divided into two general categories: heat generators and electricity generators. Electricity generating photovoltaic panels are more widely used, because electricity is easier to transmit and can be transformed back into heat, motion and light. A typical PV panel can convert around 10...20% of the radiation into electricity. From the remaining, some is reflected, but most of it is converted into heat. Even though thermal collectors can achieve higher water temperatures on their own, notable amount of research has gone into making a hybrid system, that can do both. Developing a new photovoltaic-thermal system improves the efficiency of the photovoltaics and can be used on buildings, where roof area is restricted. The aim of this thesis was to present a design for a closed liquid-based photovoltaic-thermal collector. First of all, the size of the solar panel had to be chosen. This was done according to the already built solar tracker. Because liquid cooling suited best, the piping could be designed. To ease the bending process, soft copper material was chosen. The amount of sheet aluminium needed was also dependant on the solar panel size. Based on the design, a photovoltaic-thermal collector was built.
Kirjeldus
Märksõnad
kollektor, fotoelektrilised seadised, päikeseenergia, päikesepatareid, bakalaureusetööd