Loomahaiguste prioriseerimine ühtse tervise riskianalüüsi kontekstis
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Kuupäev
2026
Kättesaadavus
03.09.2026
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Loomahaiguste seire, ennetus ja tõrje toimub piiratud ressursside tingimustes, mistõttu on
vajalik haiguste põhjendatud prioriseerimine. Ühtse tervise käsitluses on see eriti oluline, sest
loomahaiguste mõju võib avalduda samaaegselt loomade tervises ja heaolus, rahvatervises,
majanduses ning ühiskonna toimimises. Käesoleva lõputöö eesmärk oli hinnata analüütilise
hierarhia protsessi (ingl analytic hierarchy process - AHP) rakendatavust loomahaiguste
prioriseerimisel veterinaarse epidemioloogia ja ühtse tervise käsitluse kontekstis. Lisaks
katsetada XLSTAT tarkvara sobivust selleks ning analüüsida, mil määral ühtivad üliõpilaste
hinnangud Euroopa Liidu loomahaiguste kategoriseerimise käsitlusega.
Uuring viidi läbi pilootuuringuna Eesti Maaülikooli veterinaarmeditsiini õppekava kuuenda
kursuse üliõpilaste seas. AHP mudelis võrreldi esmalt hindamiskriteeriume ning seejärel
kaheksat valitud loomahaigust iga kriteeriumi lõikes. Paarvõrdlusmaatriksite põhjal arvutati
kriteeriumide kaalud, haiguste prioriteedid, koondprioriteedid ning vastajate hinnangute
kooskõlasuhted.
Tulemuste põhjal pidasid vastajad kõige olulisemaks mõju inimese tervisele ning mõju
loomade tervisele ja heaolule. Haiguste koondprioriteetide alusel tõusid esile marutaud,
sigade Aafrika katk ja lindude kõrge patogeensusega gripp. Saadud järjestus oli üldjoontes
kooskõlas Euroopa Liidu loomahaiguste kategoriseerimisega, kuid ei olnud sellega otseselt
võrreldav, sest Euroopa Liidu süsteem põhineb kategooriatel, mitte lineaarsel pingereal.
Kooskõlanäitajad näitasid, et AHP meetod oli kasutatav, kuid eeldab vastajate piisavat
juhendamist.
Töö tulemused viitavad, et AHP koos XLSTAT tarkvaraga võib olla sobiv vahend
loomahaiguste esmaseks hindamiseks ning kasutamiseks õppetöös. Edasistes uuringutes
tuleks meetodit katsetada suurema ja mitmekesisema ekspertrühmaga.
Surveillance, prevention and control of animal diseases take place under limited resources, making justified disease prioritization necessary. In the One Health context, this is particularly important because animal diseases may simultaneously affect animal health and welfare, public health, the economy and society. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the applicability of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) for prioritizing animal diseases in the context of veterinary epidemiology and One Health, to test the suitability of XLSTAT software for this purpose, and to analyse the extent to which students assessments correspond to the European Union approach to animal disease categorization. The study was conducted as a pilot study among sixth-year veterinary medicine students at the Estonian University of Life Sciences. In the AHP model, evaluation criteria and eight selected animal diseases were compared pairwise under each criterion. Pairwise comparison matrices were used to calculate criterion weights, disease priorities, overall priorities and consistency ratios. The results showed that the respondents considered impacts on human health and animal health and welfare the most important criteria. Based on the overall priorities, rabies, African swine fever and highly pathogenic avian influenza ranked highest. The resulting ranking was generally consistent with the European Union animal disease categorization system, although the approaches are not directly comparable because the European Union system is based on categories rather than a linear ranking. Consistency indicators showed that the AHP method was applicable, but sufficient respondent guidance is necessary. The results indicate that AHP combined with XLSTAT software may be a suitable tool for preliminary animal disease assessment and educational use. Further studies should test the method with a larger and more diverse expert group.
Surveillance, prevention and control of animal diseases take place under limited resources, making justified disease prioritization necessary. In the One Health context, this is particularly important because animal diseases may simultaneously affect animal health and welfare, public health, the economy and society. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the applicability of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) for prioritizing animal diseases in the context of veterinary epidemiology and One Health, to test the suitability of XLSTAT software for this purpose, and to analyse the extent to which students assessments correspond to the European Union approach to animal disease categorization. The study was conducted as a pilot study among sixth-year veterinary medicine students at the Estonian University of Life Sciences. In the AHP model, evaluation criteria and eight selected animal diseases were compared pairwise under each criterion. Pairwise comparison matrices were used to calculate criterion weights, disease priorities, overall priorities and consistency ratios. The results showed that the respondents considered impacts on human health and animal health and welfare the most important criteria. Based on the overall priorities, rabies, African swine fever and highly pathogenic avian influenza ranked highest. The resulting ranking was generally consistent with the European Union animal disease categorization system, although the approaches are not directly comparable because the European Union system is based on categories rather than a linear ranking. Consistency indicators showed that the AHP method was applicable, but sufficient respondent guidance is necessary. The results indicate that AHP combined with XLSTAT software may be a suitable tool for preliminary animal disease assessment and educational use. Further studies should test the method with a larger and more diverse expert group.
Kirjeldus
Loomaarstiõppe lõputöö
Veterinaarmeditsiini õppekaval
Märksõnad
magistritööd, analüütilise hierarhia protsess, ühtne tervis, mitmekriteeriumiline otsustusanalüüs, veterinaarepidemioloogia