Lahja biometanooli mõju sädesüütega mootori väljundparameetritele
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Kuupäev
2015
Kättesaadavus
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Antud lõputöö püstitatud ülesannete täitmistel uuriti kõigepealt biokütuste kasutamist
sädesüütega mootorites nii ajaloos kui tänapäeval. Täpsemalt uuriti biometanooli
kasutamist lisakütusena sädesüütega mootoris.
Töö eesmärgiks oli lahjade metanoolisegude mõju uurimine sädesüütega mootori
väljundparameetritele. Uuriti heitgaaside koostist ja sõiduauto mootori
võimekusparameetreid (võimsus ja pööremoment).
Uurimistöö läbiviimiseks valiti sõiduauto Lada 2111. Konstrueeriti ja paigaldati
lisatoitesüsteem mis võimaldaks doseerida erinevaid katsekütuseid. Mootori juhtimiseks
paigaldati katseautole programmeeritav juhtseade MegaSquirt II, mille kasutamist õpiti
tundma. MS II paigaldusega kaasnes olemasolevate andurite ja täituritega ühenduste
loomine. Lisaks häälestati mootor, eesmärgiga saada tehase andmetele samalaadsed
võimekusnäitajad. Lisatoite juhtseadmeks valiti Arduino Uno R3, mis juhtis
lisatoitesüsteemi lisapihustit ja pumpa.
Lisatoitesüsteemiga doseeriti lisaks mootoribensiinile viite katsekütust kolme
erineva metanooli protsentuaalse sisaldusega (20, 45 ja 100 %), katsete tulemusi analüüsiti
ja tulemusteks saadi:
1. Katsekütuseid doseerides lisaks mootoribensiinile muutub küttesegu rikkamaks;
2. Heitgaaside komponentide (CO2 ja O2) sisaldus vähenes katsekütustega;
3. Ohtlike komponentide (HC, CO) osakaal heitgaasides suurenes, mida rohkem oli
katsekütuse segus metanooli;
4. Lämmastikoksiidide (NOx) sisaldus vähenes, mida suurema konsentraadiga oli
katsekütuses metanooli;
5. Katsekütuste kasutamine tõi kaasa väljalaskegaaside temperatuuri alanemise.
Temperatuur suuremat langust tähendati, mida suurem on metanooli
kontsentratsioon segus;
6. Lisakütuste kasutamine muutis põlemisprotsessi madalatel väntvõlli
pöörlemissagedustel halvemaks (800 – 3200 min-1);
7. Madalate metanooli sisaldustega katsekütused alandasid võimekusnäitajaid.
Võimsused vähenesid ainult mootoribensiiniga teostatud tulemusest 1,4 – 5,6 %.
Pööremomendid alanesid 0,26 – 4,2 %.
8. Võimekusnäitajad paranesid puhta metanooliga. Võimsus kasvas 0,5 % ja
pööremoment suurenes 1,6 %.
Heitgaasi mõõtmise katsete ajal küttesegu põlemise halvenemine võis olla tingitud sellest,
et katsekütuste pihustamisrõhk oli liiga väike (1 bar), millest tingituna kondenseerusid
lisakütused sisselaskekollektori seintele. Kondenseerunud kütus ei soodustanud põlemis.
Madalate alkoholi sisaldustega katsekütused sisaldasid suurel määral vett, mis ei
soodustanud põlemist.
Eespool kirjeldatavad seosed põhjendavad võimekusnäitajate alanemist lahjade
alkoholi sisaldustega katsekütuste korral. Puhta metanooliga suurenenud võimekusnäitajad
võivad olla tingitud mootori silindris põlemistemperatuuri kasvust, sest metanooli aurustus
efektiivsemalt ja soodustas põlemist. Sellest tingituna tõusis põlemisrõhk silindris ja tänu
sellele suurenesid võimsu ja pöördemoment.
Uurimistöö autori soovitused edaspidiseks uurimustöö jätuks uurides biometanooli mõju
ottomootori väljundparameetritele:
1) suurendada lisatoitesüsteemis kütuserõhku ja uurida mõju väljundparameetritele;
2) paigutada lisatoitesüsteemi pihusti sisselaske süsteemi algusesse;
3) uurida erinevate katsekütuste kasutamisel süüte ajastuse võimaliku muutmist;
4) uurida heitgaase katalüsaatoriga autol, kasutades sama tüüpi lisatoitesüsteemi;
5) teha võrdlevad katsed etanool segudega.
This study was designed to investigate the effects of low biomethanol blends to the output of the engine parameters, whileadding alcohol based fuel to the regular gasoline. Specific tasks were set in order to reach the goal of this study. In theoretical part an overview was given about the use of biomethanol fuels in 4- stroke S.I. engine. In the practical part, the tests were conducted on a vehicle. Testing equipment was prepaired to investigate the effects to the output parameters while using biomethanol and water mixtures in spark-ignition engine. The engine was tuned on dyno with gasoline and with the use of auxiliary power system. In the research, numerous tests were carried out and also analyzed. The vehicle in the reasearch was a Lada 2111. In order to control the engine, new ECU (engine control unit) MegaSquirt II (MS II) was installed to the vehicle. Sensors and actoators were adjusted to MS II. The engine was tuned in order to get similar results, like the factory had. Arduino Uno R3 was used as second ECU to control auxiliary power system. Arduino Uno R3 controled the pump and fuel injector. Methanol and water fuel blends was not mixed with gasoline, but dosed with a separate power system. There were 3 different biomethanol mixtures with water: 20%, 45% and 100%. There were total of five test fuels. A detailed obresvation of the content of the parameters of the exhaust gases: CO, CO2 , O2 , HC, NOx and λ , was analysed. Engine power and torque was measured using a variety of alcohol fuels. The exhaust gases were examined with the analyzer BEA 350 and the ability of the indicators was analysed on a chassis dynamometer Dynojet 224xLC. The results showed, that the dosing of the test fuels in addition to gasoline, the fuel mixture becomes richer. The levels of components CO2 and O2 of the exhaust gas decreased when test fuels were used. HC and CO components in the exhaust gases increase the share of which was more experimental fuel mixture with methanol. Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) content decreased, which was higher on the test konsentraadiga methanol. Test fuel use brought the temperature lowering of the exhaust gases. The temperature dropped more, the higher the concentration was of methanol in the mixture. Add fuel usechanged combustion at low crankshaft speeds worse (800 - 3200 min-1). The test fuel that had low contents of methanol lowered performance capabilities. Engine power decreased compared to the result for gasoline 1,4 – 5,6%. Engine torque decreased 0,26 – 4,2%. Capacities indicators improved only pure methanol.. Power increased by 0,5% and torque with increased 1,6%.
This study was designed to investigate the effects of low biomethanol blends to the output of the engine parameters, whileadding alcohol based fuel to the regular gasoline. Specific tasks were set in order to reach the goal of this study. In theoretical part an overview was given about the use of biomethanol fuels in 4- stroke S.I. engine. In the practical part, the tests were conducted on a vehicle. Testing equipment was prepaired to investigate the effects to the output parameters while using biomethanol and water mixtures in spark-ignition engine. The engine was tuned on dyno with gasoline and with the use of auxiliary power system. In the research, numerous tests were carried out and also analyzed. The vehicle in the reasearch was a Lada 2111. In order to control the engine, new ECU (engine control unit) MegaSquirt II (MS II) was installed to the vehicle. Sensors and actoators were adjusted to MS II. The engine was tuned in order to get similar results, like the factory had. Arduino Uno R3 was used as second ECU to control auxiliary power system. Arduino Uno R3 controled the pump and fuel injector. Methanol and water fuel blends was not mixed with gasoline, but dosed with a separate power system. There were 3 different biomethanol mixtures with water: 20%, 45% and 100%. There were total of five test fuels. A detailed obresvation of the content of the parameters of the exhaust gases: CO, CO2 , O2 , HC, NOx and λ , was analysed. Engine power and torque was measured using a variety of alcohol fuels. The exhaust gases were examined with the analyzer BEA 350 and the ability of the indicators was analysed on a chassis dynamometer Dynojet 224xLC. The results showed, that the dosing of the test fuels in addition to gasoline, the fuel mixture becomes richer. The levels of components CO2 and O2 of the exhaust gas decreased when test fuels were used. HC and CO components in the exhaust gases increase the share of which was more experimental fuel mixture with methanol. Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) content decreased, which was higher on the test konsentraadiga methanol. Test fuel use brought the temperature lowering of the exhaust gases. The temperature dropped more, the higher the concentration was of methanol in the mixture. Add fuel usechanged combustion at low crankshaft speeds worse (800 - 3200 min-1). The test fuel that had low contents of methanol lowered performance capabilities. Engine power decreased compared to the result for gasoline 1,4 – 5,6%. Engine torque decreased 0,26 – 4,2%. Capacities indicators improved only pure methanol.. Power increased by 0,5% and torque with increased 1,6%.
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