Biolisanditega rikastatud granuleeritud lubiväetiste mõju taimede toitumisele ja mullale
Laen...
Kuupäev
2022
Kättesaadavus
26.08.2022
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Energia ja toidu tootmisel tekib suures koguses kaassaadusi, millest osa ladestatakse
prügilates. Paljud neist sisaldavad taimedele olulisi toiteelemente, mistõttu võiks neid
kasutada väetiseks. Muldade lupjamiseks kasutatavate tuhkade koostis ja toiteelementide
vahekord ei ole taimede vajadusega enamasti kooskõlas. Probleemi lahenduseks võiks olla
erineva toiteelementide sisaldusega jääkide omavahel segamine, et saada
mitmetoimelisemad väetised. Antud uurimustöö eesmärkideks oli (i) selgitada puu- ja
põlevkivituha granuleeritud lubiväetiste mõju taimede toitumisele, biomassi saagile, mullale
ja nõrgvee omadustele ning (ii) uurida, kas nende lubiväetiste rikastamine biolisanditega
(biosüsi, kanasõnnik, kondijahu ja järvesete) parendab väetiste toimet. Katse viidi läbi
kasvuruumis ja see kestis kokku viis kuud. Katsenõudeks olid kolonnlüsimeetrid, mis täideti
kahkja mullaga. Lüsimeetritel kasvatati põldheina, mida niideti neli korda.
Katses oli 12 varianti neljas korduses. Neist viis baseerusid puu- ja viis põlevkivituhal,
millele oli lisatud juurde kas biosütt või biosütt koos kanasõnniku, kondijahu või
järvesettega. Neile lisaks oli variant, kus väetiseks oli biosüsi ning kontrollvariant, kus
väetist ei antud.
Katse näitas, et puu- ja põlevkivituhast granuleeritud väetised ning biosüsi olid taimedele
head K-allikad, kuid teiste toiteelementide omastamine nende kasutamisel oluliselt ei
suurenenud. Nelja niite summaarne maapealse biomassi saagikus suurenes võrreldes
väetamata kontrolliga usutavalt puutuhast (osakaal väetises 100%), puutuhast (50%),
biosöest (25%) ja kanasõnnikust (25%) ning põlevkivituhast (50%) ja biosöest (50%) koosnenud väetiste kasutamisel. Mulla keemilistest omadustest mõjutasid väetised kõige
rohkem pH-d. Nõrgvee pH ja soolsuse väärtus väetiste kasutamisel ei suurenenud.
Katse tulemustest järeldub:
i) Puu- ja põlevkivituhk ning nende segud biosöe, kanasõnniku, järvesette või kondijahuga
sobivad kasutamiseks happelistel muldadel happesuse neutraliseerimiseks; ii) Puutuhk ja
selle segu biosöega on taimedele väga hea kaaliumi allikas; iii)Põlevkivituha mõju taimede
kaaliumi omastamisel suureneb, kui sinna lisada juurde biosütt; iv) Puu- ja põlevkivituha
väetistes ning biosöes sisalduv P on taimedele raskesti omastatav; v) Biosüsi võimaldab
kiiresti tõsta mulla orgaanilise süsiniku sisaldust. Selle mõju taimede toitumisele on puu- ja
põlevkivituhast väetiste omaga sarnane; vi) Puu- ja põlevkivituha ja nende biolisanditega
rikastatud väetiste kasutamine ning biosöega väetamine ei suurenda toiteelementide
leostumist ega mõjuta nõrgvee pH-d.
Production of energy and food generates large amounts of by-products, some of which are currently landfilled. Many of these residues contain important plant nutrients and therefore can be used as fertilizer. Ashes used for soil liming are not enough balanced accordning plant nutrient need. The solution to this problem could be mixing of different by-products to get more multifuntional fertilisers. The aims of this study were: (i) to determine the effect of granulated fertilizers based on wood ash and oil shale ash on plant nutrition, biomass yield, soil and leachate properties; (ii) Investigate wether enrichment of wood ash and oil shale ash with biochar, chicken manure, bone meal and lake sediments increases their impact as a fertilizer. The study was carried out in the growth chamber during five months. The vessels used in the experiment were column lysimeters which were filled with loamy soil. Red clover and grasses mixture was grown on lysimeters. During the experiment its biomass was harvested four times. There were 12 treatments with four replicates. Five of them based on wood ash and five oil shale ash to which was added either biochar or biochar with chicken manure, bone meal or lake sediment. In addition there was treatment, where the fertilizer was biochar and control treatment, where no fertilizer was applied. The study showed that fertilizers from wood ash, oil shale ash and biochar are good source of K for plants, but they did not increased significally uptake of other nutrients. The fertilizer consisting of wood ash (100%), wood ash (50%), biochar (25%) and chicken manure (25%) and oil shale ash (50%) and biochar (50%) had a positive effect on biomass yield. Of the chemical properties of the soil, fertilizers had the greatest impact on pH. Any of this fertilizer did not increase leachate pH and salinity value. We concluded: i) Wood ash, oil shale ash and their mixtures with biochar, chicken manure, bone meal and lake sediments are suitable for neutralizing soil acidity; ii) Wood ash and its mixture with biochar is a good K source for plants; iii) The effect of oil shale ash on plants K-nutrition increases when biochar is added to it; iv) P in wood ash, oil shale ash and biochar is poorly absorbable by plants; v) Biochar increases rapidly soil organic C. It impact to plants nutrition is similar to wood ash and oil shale ash fertilizers; vi) Fertilizing with wood ash and oil shale ash fertilizers and biochar does not increase leaching of nutrients and does not affect the leachate pH.
Production of energy and food generates large amounts of by-products, some of which are currently landfilled. Many of these residues contain important plant nutrients and therefore can be used as fertilizer. Ashes used for soil liming are not enough balanced accordning plant nutrient need. The solution to this problem could be mixing of different by-products to get more multifuntional fertilisers. The aims of this study were: (i) to determine the effect of granulated fertilizers based on wood ash and oil shale ash on plant nutrition, biomass yield, soil and leachate properties; (ii) Investigate wether enrichment of wood ash and oil shale ash with biochar, chicken manure, bone meal and lake sediments increases their impact as a fertilizer. The study was carried out in the growth chamber during five months. The vessels used in the experiment were column lysimeters which were filled with loamy soil. Red clover and grasses mixture was grown on lysimeters. During the experiment its biomass was harvested four times. There were 12 treatments with four replicates. Five of them based on wood ash and five oil shale ash to which was added either biochar or biochar with chicken manure, bone meal or lake sediment. In addition there was treatment, where the fertilizer was biochar and control treatment, where no fertilizer was applied. The study showed that fertilizers from wood ash, oil shale ash and biochar are good source of K for plants, but they did not increased significally uptake of other nutrients. The fertilizer consisting of wood ash (100%), wood ash (50%), biochar (25%) and chicken manure (25%) and oil shale ash (50%) and biochar (50%) had a positive effect on biomass yield. Of the chemical properties of the soil, fertilizers had the greatest impact on pH. Any of this fertilizer did not increase leachate pH and salinity value. We concluded: i) Wood ash, oil shale ash and their mixtures with biochar, chicken manure, bone meal and lake sediments are suitable for neutralizing soil acidity; ii) Wood ash and its mixture with biochar is a good K source for plants; iii) The effect of oil shale ash on plants K-nutrition increases when biochar is added to it; iv) P in wood ash, oil shale ash and biochar is poorly absorbable by plants; v) Biochar increases rapidly soil organic C. It impact to plants nutrition is similar to wood ash and oil shale ash fertilizers; vi) Fertilizing with wood ash and oil shale ash fertilizers and biochar does not increase leaching of nutrients and does not affect the leachate pH.
Kirjeldus
Magistritöö
Põllumajandussaaduste tootmise ja turustamise õppekaval
Märksõnad
magistritööd, tootmise kõrvalproduktid, väetis, puutuhk, põlevkivituhk, biosüsi, muld, biomassi saagikus