Erineva vanusega kuuse- ja kasepuistute kasvudünaamika muutuvates kliimatingimustes
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Kuupäev
2025
Kättesaadav alates
11.09.2025
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Muutuvad kliimatingimused mõjutavad kuuse- ja kasepuistute kasvudünaamikat erinevalt, sõltuvalt puistu vanusest, kasvukohast ja majandamisviisist. Eestis on varasemalt põhjalikumalt uuritud männipuude aastarõngaste andmeid, mistõttu on arukase ja hariliku kuuse reaktsioonid kliimatingimuste muutustele seni jäänud vähem uurituks.
Magistritöö eesmärk on uurida temperatuuri, sademete ja põua (SPEI indeksid) mõju arukase ja hariliku kuuse radiaaljuurdekasvule erinevates kasvukohatüüpides, vanuseklassides ja majandamisviisides aastatel 1990-2019, võrreldi majandatud ning piiratud majandustegevusega puistute kasvudünaamikat. Töö aluseks olid 120 riigimetsas paikneva puistu puursüdamike andmed (kokku 1200 proovipuud), mis esindasid erinevaid vanuseklasse ja ökosüsteemseid tingimusi üle Eesti. Töö käigus analüüsiti aastaseid keskmisi juurdekasve ja koostati juurdekasvukronoloogiad ning uuriti kliimanäitajate ja radiaaljuurdekasvude vahelisi seoseid aastatel 1990-2019 puuliigi, vanuseklassi ja majandamisviisi lõikes.
Aastate keskmiste juurdekasvude võrdlus näitas, et metsa kasvudünaamikat mõjutavad nii individuaalsed tegurid kui ka nende koostoimed. Töö näitab, et puistute kasvu hindamisel tuleb arvestada mitme teguri koosmõju sh puuliik, vanus, majandamisviis ja kasvukoha eripärad. Need tegurid mõjutavad oluliselt metsa tootlikkust, tundlikkust kliimamuutustele ja taastumisvõimet häiringute järel.
Juurdekasvukronoloogiad on usaldusväärne allikas piirkondlike kliimamõjude, kasvudünaamika ning majanduslike ja ökoloogiliste tegurite koosmõjude hindamiseks. Need leiud rõhutavad kasvukohatüübi ja maakondliku asukoha olulisust, kuid samas ka vajadust arvestada puistute majandamisajalugu ja lokaalseid tegureid metsade pikaajalise dünaamika tõlgendamisel.
Kliimanäitajate ja radiaaljuurdekasvu seoste analüüsid kinnitavad, et nii arukask kui harilik kuusk reageerivad tundlikult temperatuurile, sademetele ja põuaindeksitele (SPEI), kuid liikide ja tingimuste lõikes ilmnevad erinevused. Harilik kuusk on põuatingimuste suhtes tundlikum kui arukask, eriti kuivemates kasvukohatüüpides. Sademed soodustavad mõlema puuliigi kasvu, samas kui suvised temperatuuritõusud ja põuad piiravad juurdekasvu, seda eriti kuuse puhul. Majandamisviis, kasvukohatüüp ja piirkondlik eripära mõjutavad seoste tugevust ja suunda, rõhutades vajadust integreerida need tegurid metsade tulevikuprognoosidesse ja kohandamisse kliimamuutustega.
Changing climate conditions affect the growth dynamics of Norway spruce and silver birch stands differently, depending on stand age, site conditions, and management practices. In Estonia, previous studies have primarily focused on Scots pine tree-ring data, leaving the responses of silver birch and Norway spruce to climate variability less explored. The aim of this Master's thesis is to investigate the effects of temperature, precipitation, and drought (based on SPEI indices) on the radial growth of silver birch and Norway spruce under different site types, age classes, and management regimes during the period 1990–2019, the growth dynamics of managed and limited-management stands were compared. The study is based on increment core data from 120 forest stands located in state forests across Estonia, comprising a total of 1200 sample trees representing various age classes and ecosystem conditions. Annual mean radial growth was analyzed, chronologies were developed, and the associations between climate variables and radial growth were examined by tree species, age class, and management type over the 1990–2019 period. The comparison of mean annual growth indicated that forest growth dynamics are affected by both individual factors and their interactions. The results highlight the need to consider multiple factors – such as tree species, age, management type, and specific site characteristics – when assessing stand growth. These factors significantly affect forest productivity, sensitivity to climate change, and the ability to recover after disturbances. Growth chronologies provide a reliable source for evaluating regional climate impacts, growth dynamics, and the combined effects of economic and ecological factors. The findings emphasize the importance of site type and regional location, while also highlighting the need to consider stand management history and local conditions when interpreting long-term forest dynamics. The analyses of relationships between climate variables and radial growth confirm that both silver birch and Norway spruce respond sensitively to temperature, precipitation, and drought indices (SPEI), though differences are evident between species and site conditions. Norway spruce is more sensitive to drought than silver birch, particularly in drier site types. Precipitation supports the growth of both species, while rising summer temperatures and droughts limit growth, especially for spruce. Management practices, site type, and regional specifics influence the strength and direction of these relationships, underscoring the need to integrate these factors into forest projections and adaptation strategies under climate change.
Changing climate conditions affect the growth dynamics of Norway spruce and silver birch stands differently, depending on stand age, site conditions, and management practices. In Estonia, previous studies have primarily focused on Scots pine tree-ring data, leaving the responses of silver birch and Norway spruce to climate variability less explored. The aim of this Master's thesis is to investigate the effects of temperature, precipitation, and drought (based on SPEI indices) on the radial growth of silver birch and Norway spruce under different site types, age classes, and management regimes during the period 1990–2019, the growth dynamics of managed and limited-management stands were compared. The study is based on increment core data from 120 forest stands located in state forests across Estonia, comprising a total of 1200 sample trees representing various age classes and ecosystem conditions. Annual mean radial growth was analyzed, chronologies were developed, and the associations between climate variables and radial growth were examined by tree species, age class, and management type over the 1990–2019 period. The comparison of mean annual growth indicated that forest growth dynamics are affected by both individual factors and their interactions. The results highlight the need to consider multiple factors – such as tree species, age, management type, and specific site characteristics – when assessing stand growth. These factors significantly affect forest productivity, sensitivity to climate change, and the ability to recover after disturbances. Growth chronologies provide a reliable source for evaluating regional climate impacts, growth dynamics, and the combined effects of economic and ecological factors. The findings emphasize the importance of site type and regional location, while also highlighting the need to consider stand management history and local conditions when interpreting long-term forest dynamics. The analyses of relationships between climate variables and radial growth confirm that both silver birch and Norway spruce respond sensitively to temperature, precipitation, and drought indices (SPEI), though differences are evident between species and site conditions. Norway spruce is more sensitive to drought than silver birch, particularly in drier site types. Precipitation supports the growth of both species, while rising summer temperatures and droughts limit growth, especially for spruce. Management practices, site type, and regional specifics influence the strength and direction of these relationships, underscoring the need to integrate these factors into forest projections and adaptation strategies under climate change.
Kirjeldus
Magistritöö
Metsamajanduse ja metsaökoloogia õppekaval
Märksõnad
magistritööd, aastarõngad, kliima, põuaindeksid, kronoloogiad, radiaaljuurdekasv