Talinisu umbrohutõrje
Laen...
Kuupäev
2012
Kättesaadav alates
ainult raamatukogus, only in library
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Nisu on maailmas üks enim kasvatatud teraviljakultuure, mistõttu on oluline
vähendada teravilja umbrohtuvust mehaanilise ja keemilise tõrjega, et saada suuremat
saaki, puhtamat ning kvaliteetsemat tera.
Käesoleva uurimistöö eesmärgiks on anda kirjandus põhjal ülevaade talinisu
kasvuaegsest mehaanilisest ja keemilisest umbrohutõrjest ning sobilikest
herbitsiididest. Samuti oli eesmärgiks Viljandi katsekeskuses korraldatud katse põhjal
analüüsida erinevate herbitsiidide tõhusust talinisu umbrohtumuse vähendamisel nii
sügisese- kui ka kevadise umbrohutõrjega.
Mehaanilise umbrohutõrjena kasutatakse nii sügisel kui ka kevadel äestamist. Selle
kordade arv sõltub mullastikust, ilmastikust ning tõrjutavast umbrohust.
Mahepõllumajanduses on äestamine üks vähestest umbrohutõrje viisidest, mistõttu on
äestamise õnnestumine väga oluline.
Keemilise umbrohutõrje efektiivsuse määrab herbitsiidi kasutamise õigeaegsus,
ilmastik, doosi suurus ning sobivus umbrohule. Läbiviidud katsetest selgus, et
sügisene keemiline umbrohutõrje on efektiivseim kui kevadine, kuna umbrohud on
tõrjeks sobivas kasvufaasis (2-4 pärislehte) ja lisaks väheneb kevadine töökoormus.
Efektiivseimateks osutusid preparaadid, mis sisaldavad mitut toimeainet ja mille mõju
on pikemaajalisem. Alati ei ole vajalik kasutada herbitsiidide täisnorme. Katsest
selgus, et vähendatud herbitsiidi normi kasutamine umbrohtude varases kasvufaasis
oli efektiivsem, kui umbrohtude suuremas kasvufaasis täisnormiga pritsides.
Wheat ise one of the most grown crop in the world, so it is important to reduce wheat weedness with cemical and mehanical methods to gain more yield and cleaner, highquality cereal. Current research’s main target is to give on the basis of literature, review about winter wheat’s ramp time mehanical and chemical weedprotection and suitable herbicides. Another target was to analyze different herbicides, which was used in Viljandi’s testing centre trials, efectinvness in lowering winter wheat weedness in autumn and spring. Harrowing ise the main mehanical weed control manner in spring and autumn. How many repeats it needs depends of soil, weather and controlled weeds. In organic farming it is one of the fewest ways to control weeds, so it’s effectnes is very important. Chemical weed control succses depends on correct timing, weather, dose of herbicide and suitability to control need weed. Contucted trial showed that in autumn performed protection were more efective, because weeds were smaller (2-4 true leaves), also autum control loweres need of spring control. Economically it it better to use several active component containing herbicide, because it’s spectrum is wider compared to other herbicides. It is not always useful to use herbicides full doses, during the trial it showed that lowered doses in right time can be more successful than useing full dosage.
Wheat ise one of the most grown crop in the world, so it is important to reduce wheat weedness with cemical and mehanical methods to gain more yield and cleaner, highquality cereal. Current research’s main target is to give on the basis of literature, review about winter wheat’s ramp time mehanical and chemical weedprotection and suitable herbicides. Another target was to analyze different herbicides, which was used in Viljandi’s testing centre trials, efectinvness in lowering winter wheat weedness in autumn and spring. Harrowing ise the main mehanical weed control manner in spring and autumn. How many repeats it needs depends of soil, weather and controlled weeds. In organic farming it is one of the fewest ways to control weeds, so it’s effectnes is very important. Chemical weed control succses depends on correct timing, weather, dose of herbicide and suitability to control need weed. Contucted trial showed that in autumn performed protection were more efective, because weeds were smaller (2-4 true leaves), also autum control loweres need of spring control. Economically it it better to use several active component containing herbicide, because it’s spectrum is wider compared to other herbicides. It is not always useful to use herbicides full doses, during the trial it showed that lowered doses in right time can be more successful than useing full dosage.
Kirjeldus
Märksõnad
talinisu, umbrohtumus, herbitsiidid, mehaaniline umbrohutõrje, bakalaureusetööd