Kartulimardika (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) valmikute toitumis- ja lõhnaeelistused
Laen...
Kuupäev
2025
Kättesaadav alates
29.11.2025
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Kartulimardikas (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) on kõige ohtlikum ja suuremat
majanduslikku kahju tekitav kartulikahjur maailmas. Käesoleva magistritöö eesmärgiks
oli uurida erinevate kartulisortide ja maavitsaliste (Solanaceae) taimede sobivust
kartulimardika valmikute toidutaimena. Valiktoitumiskatsed kartulisortide (võrdlus- ehk
kontrollsort ‘Maret’) ja sekundaarsete (alternatiivsete) toidutaimedega (tomat, füüsal,
harilik ja kollane maavits) viidi läbi 2023. aasta suvel. Kartulimardikate lõhnaeelistust
mitmete kartulisortide suhtes uuriti neljaharulise olfaktomeetriga 2024. aasta suvel.
Katse tulemused olid järgnevad:
Kartulimardika valmikud eelistasid sorti ‘Maret’ sordile ‘Gala’.
Sordi ‘Maret’ lehepinna tarbimises võrreldes sortidega ‘Laura’ ja ‘Birgit’
erinevusi ei leitud, kuigi esines tendents, et sordi ‘Maret’ lehti söödi mõnevõrra
rohkem.
Kartulimardika valmikud eelistasid toituda kartulilehtedest mitte sekundaarsetest
(alternatiivsetest) toidutaimedest (harilik ja kollane maavits, füüsal, tomat).
Hariliku ja kollase maavitsa lõhn pärssis mardikate toitumist kartulil, sealjuures
olid isased enam mõjutatud.
Emased kartulimardikad sõid sekundaarsetest toidutaimedest kõige enam
tomatilehti ja kõige vähem hariliku maavitsa lehti. Isaste mardikate
toitumiskäitumine oli vastupidine – kõige enam söödi harilikku maavitsa lehti ja
kõige vähem tomatilehti.
Emaste kartulimardikate ööpäevane kehamassi juurdekasv oli tomatil toitudes
kõrgem kui teistel sekundaarsetel toidutaimedel.
Isaste mardikate ööpäevane kehamassi juurdekasv oli harilikul maavitsal toitudes
oluliselt madalam kui tomatil ja füüsalil.
Kollasel maavitsal toitumine kasvatas emaste ööpäevast kehamassi, aga pärssis
isaste kehamassi juurdekasvu.
Lõhnauuringus selgus, et kartulimardika mõlemast soost valmikutel on ilma
visuaalsete stiimuliteta raske orienteeruda. Isased mardikad eirasid
lõhnastiimulite alusel sorti ‘Maret’.
The Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) is the most dangerous and economically damaging potato pest in the world. The aim of current Master's Thesis was to investigate the suitability of different potato varieties and family Solanaceae plants as food plants for potato beetle adults. Choice feeding tests with potato varieties (comparison/control variety ‘Maret’) and secondary (alternative) food plants (tomato, physalis, bittersweet, hairy nightshade) were conducted in the summer of 2023. The odour preference of potato beetles for several potato varieties was studied using a four-arm olfactometer in the summer of 2024. The results of the experiment were as follows: Potato beetle adults preferred the variety ‘Maret’ to the variety ‘Gala’. No differences were found in the consumption of the leaf area of the variety ‘Maret’ compared to the varieties ‘Laura’ and ‘Birgit’, although there was a tendency that the leaves of the variety ‘Maret’ were eaten somewhat more. Potato beetle adults preferred to feed on potato leaves rather than secondary (alternative) food plants. The smell of bittersweet and hairy nightshade inhibited beetles’ feeding on potatoes, with males being more affected. Female potato beetles ate the most tomato leaves and the least bittersweet leaves among secondary food plants. The feeding behavior of male beetles was the opposite – bittersweet leaves were the most and tomato leaves were eaten the least. The daily body mass gain of female potato beetles was higher in the tomato variant than in the other secondary food plants. The daily body mass gain of male potato beetles was significantly lower when feeding on bittersweet than on tomato and physalis. Feeding on hairy nightshade increased the daily body mass of females, but inhibited the body mass gain of males. The odour study revealed that adult potato beetles of both sexes have difficulty orienting themselves without visual stimuli. Male beetles ignored the ‘Maret’ variety based on odour stimuli.
The Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) is the most dangerous and economically damaging potato pest in the world. The aim of current Master's Thesis was to investigate the suitability of different potato varieties and family Solanaceae plants as food plants for potato beetle adults. Choice feeding tests with potato varieties (comparison/control variety ‘Maret’) and secondary (alternative) food plants (tomato, physalis, bittersweet, hairy nightshade) were conducted in the summer of 2023. The odour preference of potato beetles for several potato varieties was studied using a four-arm olfactometer in the summer of 2024. The results of the experiment were as follows: Potato beetle adults preferred the variety ‘Maret’ to the variety ‘Gala’. No differences were found in the consumption of the leaf area of the variety ‘Maret’ compared to the varieties ‘Laura’ and ‘Birgit’, although there was a tendency that the leaves of the variety ‘Maret’ were eaten somewhat more. Potato beetle adults preferred to feed on potato leaves rather than secondary (alternative) food plants. The smell of bittersweet and hairy nightshade inhibited beetles’ feeding on potatoes, with males being more affected. Female potato beetles ate the most tomato leaves and the least bittersweet leaves among secondary food plants. The feeding behavior of male beetles was the opposite – bittersweet leaves were the most and tomato leaves were eaten the least. The daily body mass gain of female potato beetles was higher in the tomato variant than in the other secondary food plants. The daily body mass gain of male potato beetles was significantly lower when feeding on bittersweet than on tomato and physalis. Feeding on hairy nightshade increased the daily body mass of females, but inhibited the body mass gain of males. The odour study revealed that adult potato beetles of both sexes have difficulty orienting themselves without visual stimuli. Male beetles ignored the ‘Maret’ variety based on odour stimuli.
Kirjeldus
Magistritöö
Põllumajandussaaduste tootmise ja turustamise õppekaval
Märksõnad
magistritööd, kartulisordid, sekundaarsed toidutaimed, valiktoitumiskatse, olfaktomeeter