Nisu helelaiksuse leviku dünaamika Eesti tingimustes
Laen...
Kuupäev
2023
Kättesaadavus
31.08.2023
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Paljude teiste teraviljahaiguste kõrval on nisu helelaiksus, mille põhjustajaks on kottseente
hõimkonda kuuluv Zymoseptoria tritici, majanduslikult olulisim nisul esinev haigus. Ligi
70% Euroopa Liidus kasutatud iga-aastasest fungitsiidide kogusest kulub nisu haiguste
tõrjeks ja sellest omakorda 70% Zymoseptoria tritici tõrjeks. Tulenevalt Euroopa Liidu ja
maailma keskkonnapoliitikast muutub üha olulisemaks taimekaitsevahendite täpne
kasutamine, et vähendada preparaatide koguseid. Hetkel teostatakse põllukultuuride
haigustõrjet vastavalt Euroopa fungitsiiditootjate poolt välja töötatud skeemidele, mis ei
pruugi olla kooskõlas tegeliku vajadusega ja pritsimiskordade täpse ajastamisega.
Õigeaegseks fungitsiidide pritsimise ajastamiseks on aga oluline teada haiguste levikut
põllul võimalikult täpselt. Maailmas on loodud hulganisti ilmaandmetel ja matemaatilistel
mudelitel põhinevaid taimehaiguste lööbimise prognoosisüsteeme, kuid need ei arvesta
õhus levivate eoste hulka. Käesoleva bakalaureusetöö eesmärgiks oli analüüsida
Zymoseptoria tritici eoste leviku dünaamikat talinisu kasvuperioodil. Molekulaarsete analüüside tulemusel selgus, et eoste hulk varieerub kasvuperioodi lõikes oluliselt.
Vaadeldes eoste leviku ja ilmastikutingimuste vaheliseid seoseid, tehti järeldused, et antud
metoodika rakendamine omab täppistaimekaitse arendamisel olulist tähtsust. Sellest
tulenevalt saab tulevikus ilma- ja eoseandmete analüüsimisel luua täpseid mudeleid
haiguse leviku ennustamiseks ja seeläbi täpsemaks muuta ning vähendada fungitsiidide
kasutussurvet.
Along with numerous other cereal diseases, Septoria tritici blotch (STB) caused by Zymoseptoria tritici, a member of the Ascomycota phylum, is the economically most significant wheat disease. Nearly 70% of the annual fungicide quantity used in the European Union is used to control wheat diseases, and from that, 70% is used to control STB. Due to the European Union's and the world's environmental policy, the precise use of pest management is becoming increasingly important to reduce the quantity of pesticides. Currently, crop disease control is carried out according to the strategies developed by European fungicide manufacturers, which may not comply with the actual needs and exact timing of spraying times. However, it is crucial to know the outbreak of diseases in the field as accurately as possible to schedule spraying fungicides at the right time. Many plant disease prediction mathematical models based on weather data and mathematical models have been created around the world, but they do not take into account the amount of airborne spores. This bachelor thesis aimed to analyse the dynamics of the spreading of Zymoseptoria tritici spores during the growing period of winter wheat. As a result of molecular analyses, it was found that the amount of spores varies significantly depending on the growing season. By looking at the connections between the spreading of spores and weather conditions, it was concluded that applying this methodology is of great importance for precision plant protection. Thus, by combining weather and spore data in the future, accurate models can be created to predict the disease's spread, thereby making it more precise and reducing the pressure to use fungicides.
Along with numerous other cereal diseases, Septoria tritici blotch (STB) caused by Zymoseptoria tritici, a member of the Ascomycota phylum, is the economically most significant wheat disease. Nearly 70% of the annual fungicide quantity used in the European Union is used to control wheat diseases, and from that, 70% is used to control STB. Due to the European Union's and the world's environmental policy, the precise use of pest management is becoming increasingly important to reduce the quantity of pesticides. Currently, crop disease control is carried out according to the strategies developed by European fungicide manufacturers, which may not comply with the actual needs and exact timing of spraying times. However, it is crucial to know the outbreak of diseases in the field as accurately as possible to schedule spraying fungicides at the right time. Many plant disease prediction mathematical models based on weather data and mathematical models have been created around the world, but they do not take into account the amount of airborne spores. This bachelor thesis aimed to analyse the dynamics of the spreading of Zymoseptoria tritici spores during the growing period of winter wheat. As a result of molecular analyses, it was found that the amount of spores varies significantly depending on the growing season. By looking at the connections between the spreading of spores and weather conditions, it was concluded that applying this methodology is of great importance for precision plant protection. Thus, by combining weather and spore data in the future, accurate models can be created to predict the disease's spread, thereby making it more precise and reducing the pressure to use fungicides.
Kirjeldus
Bakalaureusetöö
Põllumajandussaaduste tootmise ja turustamise õppekaval
Märksõnad
bakalaureusetööd, helelaiksus, eosepüüdja, talinisu, fungitsiid, levik