Pihlaka (Sorbus sp.) sortide ja hübriidide viljade füüsikalised omadused ja biokeemiline koostis
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Kuupäev
2018
Kättesaadavus
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Pihlakate perekond (Sorbus) on väga rikkalik, neid on üle saja liigi. Karmi kliimaga
piirkondades, kus teised puuviljakultuurid ei edene, avab pihlakakasvatus täiesti uued
perspektiivid. Kõik pihlakad on hinnatud ilupuud, eriti kehtib see dekoratiivvormide ja -
sortide kohta. Pihlakate dekoratiivsus peitub nende võrakujus, kevadel rikkalikus
õitsemises ning lehtede ja viljade sügisvärvuses.
Bakalaureusetöö eesmärgiks oli anda ülevaade pihlakate süstemaatikast ning võrrelda
erinevate pihlaka sortide ja hübriidide viljade füüsikalisi omadusi ja biokeemilist koostist.
Teoreetilises osas antakse ülevaade pihlaka liikide süstemaatikas, nende bioloogiast ja
kasvatamisest ning kasutusvaldkondadest. Empiirilises osa kirjeldatakse katse materjali ja
metoodikat.
Katse viidi läbi 2018. aastal Eesti Maaülikooli Põllumajandus- ja Keskkonnainstituudi
Polli Aiandusuuringute Keskuses. Viljades määrati viljamahla kuivaine, tiitritavate hapete
ja askorbiinhappe sisaldus. Samuti mõõdeti viljamassi pH.
Tulemustest selgus, et hariliku pihlaka sortidest kõige suuremate kobarate massiga (üle
40g) ja rohkemate viljadega kobara kohta (üle 68 tk) olid sordid ’Rosina’, ’Oranzevaja’ ja
’Määripihlakas’. Ka varisenud viljade osakaal jäi nendel sortidel väheldaseks. Samas oli
nende sortide keskmine vilja mass keskpärane (0,6-0,7g), kuid viljad olid kõige
askorbiinhapperikkamad (üle 110 mg 100g-1). Kõige suuremate viljadega olid
hübriidsordid ’Alaja Krupnaja’ (1,6g), ’Granatnaja’ (1,2g) ja ’Titan’ (1,2g). Samas oli
nende kobarates kõige vähem vilju (kuni 20 tk) ning kõige väiksem askorbiinhappe
sisaldus (alla 50 mg 100g-1).
Saadud tulemustest võib järeldada, et looduslikult kasvav pihlakas on võrreldes
hübriidsortidega suurema mahlakuivaine sisalduse ja tiitritavate hapete sisaldusega.
Hariliku pihlaka sordid on suurte kobaratega, kuid hübriidsortidest väiksemate viljadega.
Pihlaka hübriidsordid on võrreldes hariliku pihlaka sortidega suuremate viljadega, kuid
väiksema askorbiinhappe sisaldusega. Saadud tulemused on kasutatavad pihlakaviljade
töötlejatel, kellele on antud töö abiks kvaliteetsema ja väärtuslikuma tooraine valimisel.
The rowan family (Sorbus) is very rich, with over 100 species (Piir, Niiberg 2003). In harsh climate regions where other fruit crops are not progressing, cultivating rowan (Sorbus) will open a completely new perspective. All rowans have high ornamental values, especially the decorative varieties. The beauty of the rowan tree resides in the abundant lush of the blooms in the spring time, the colour of rowan frutis and leaves in autumn and the beautiful shape of its crown. The aim of the bachelor thesis was to give an overview of the taxonomy of the rowan and to compare the physical properties and biochemical composition of different varieties and hybrids. The theoretical part gives an overview of the systematics of rowan species, their biology, cultivation and uses. The empirical part describes the materials and methods of the experiment. The experiment was carried out at the Polli Horticultural Research Centre of the Estonian University of Life Sciences in 2018. The content of fruit juice dry matter, titratable acids and ascorbic acid was determined, the pH was also measured. The results showed that the varieties ’Rosina’, ’Oranzevaja’ and ’Määripihlakas’ have heaviest clusters (over 40g) and the most fruits per cluster (over 68 pieces). The percentage of broken fruits remained low in these varieties. At the same time, the average weight of the fruits remained moderaate (0,6-0,7g), but the fruits were rich in ascorbic acid (over 110 mg 100g-1 ). The hybrids with the largest fruits were 'Alaja Krupnaja' (1,6g), 'Granatnaja' (1,2g) and 'Titan' (1,2g). However their clusters had the smallest amount of fruit (up to 20 piece) and the lowest levels of ascorbic acid (below 50 mg 100g-1 ). Based on the results it can be concluded that the rowan (Sorbus aucuparia) has a higher content of juice and titanic acids than hybrids. Sorbus aucuparia varieties have large clusters but they have smaller fruits than hybrids. The hybrids of rowan have bigger fruits but smaller content of asorbic acid.
The rowan family (Sorbus) is very rich, with over 100 species (Piir, Niiberg 2003). In harsh climate regions where other fruit crops are not progressing, cultivating rowan (Sorbus) will open a completely new perspective. All rowans have high ornamental values, especially the decorative varieties. The beauty of the rowan tree resides in the abundant lush of the blooms in the spring time, the colour of rowan frutis and leaves in autumn and the beautiful shape of its crown. The aim of the bachelor thesis was to give an overview of the taxonomy of the rowan and to compare the physical properties and biochemical composition of different varieties and hybrids. The theoretical part gives an overview of the systematics of rowan species, their biology, cultivation and uses. The empirical part describes the materials and methods of the experiment. The experiment was carried out at the Polli Horticultural Research Centre of the Estonian University of Life Sciences in 2018. The content of fruit juice dry matter, titratable acids and ascorbic acid was determined, the pH was also measured. The results showed that the varieties ’Rosina’, ’Oranzevaja’ and ’Määripihlakas’ have heaviest clusters (over 40g) and the most fruits per cluster (over 68 pieces). The percentage of broken fruits remained low in these varieties. At the same time, the average weight of the fruits remained moderaate (0,6-0,7g), but the fruits were rich in ascorbic acid (over 110 mg 100g-1 ). The hybrids with the largest fruits were 'Alaja Krupnaja' (1,6g), 'Granatnaja' (1,2g) and 'Titan' (1,2g). However their clusters had the smallest amount of fruit (up to 20 piece) and the lowest levels of ascorbic acid (below 50 mg 100g-1 ). Based on the results it can be concluded that the rowan (Sorbus aucuparia) has a higher content of juice and titanic acids than hybrids. Sorbus aucuparia varieties have large clusters but they have smaller fruits than hybrids. The hybrids of rowan have bigger fruits but smaller content of asorbic acid.
Kirjeldus
Bakalaureusetöö
Aianduse õppekaval
Märksõnad
bakalaureusetööd, pihlakas, hübriidid, biokeemia