NATO 2% kaitsekulude sihttaseme ületamise ulatuse võrdlus Eestis, Lätis ja Leedus aastatel 2019–2024
Laen...
Kuupäev
2026
Kättesaadavus
05.09.2026
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Balti riikide kaitsekulude võrdlus on aktuaalne teema seoses Euroopa julgeolekuolukorra halvenemise ja NATO idatiiva kaitsevõime tugevdamise vajadusega. Probleem seisneb selles, et olemasolevad avalikud kaitsekulude andmed ei anna selget võrdlust sellele, kuidas Eesti, Läti ja Leedu kaitsekulud aastatel 2019–2024 NATO 2% suhtes muutsid. Töö eesmärk oli võrrelda Eesti, Läti ja Leedu kaitsekulude NATO 2% sihttaseme ületamise ulatust aastatel 2019–2024. Analüüs oli kvantitatiivne kirjeldav ja võrdlev, milles kasutati NATO kaitsekulude andmeid kaitsekulude osakaalu ja absoluutmahu kohta. Tulemused näitasid, et Balti riikide kaitsekulud kasvasid iga aasta, kuid kasv ei toimunud samas tempos ja ajal. Läti oli ainus riik, mis ületas NATO 2% sihttaset kõigil kuuel vaadeldaval aastal. 2024. aastaks jõudsid kõik kolm riiki üle 3% SKP taseme. Eesti kaitsekulude osakaal oli 2024. aastal kõige suurem, kuid absoluutmahus eristus Leedu. Tulemused näitavad, et kaitsekulude võrdlemisel ei piisa ainult SKP suhtarvust, vaid seda tuleb vaadelda koos kaitsekulude absoluutmahuga. Töö tulemusi saab kasutada Balti riikide kaitsekulude dünaamika paremaks mõistmiseks. Töö tulemused võivad olla aluseks edasistele uuringutele NATO kaitsekulude struktuuri ja idatiiva riikide kaitserahastust ja kaitsekulude sisemist struktuuri.
The comparison of defence spending in the Baltic states has become increasingly relevant due to the worsening security situation in Europe and the need to strengthen NATO’s eastern flank. The research problem is that the available public data do not clearly show how Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania’s defence spending changed in relation to NATO’s 2% target between 2019 and 2024. The aim of the thesis was to compare the extent and Dynamics of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania in relation to NATO’s 2% target during 2019–2024. The analysis was conducted using a quantitative descriptive and comparative approach, based on NATO data on defence expenditure as a share of GDP and in absolute terms. The results showed that defence spending increased in all three Baltic states during the period, but not at the same pace or at the same time. Latvia was the only country to exceed NATO’s % target in all six years. By 2024, all three countries had reached a level above 3% of GDP. Estonia had the highest defence expenditure as share of GDP in 2024, while Lithuania stood out in absolute terms. The results show that defence spending cannot be compared only as a share of GDP, but should also be analysed together with defence expenditure in absolute terms. The findings help to better understand the dynamics of Baltic defence spending and may serve as a basis for further research on Baltic defense spending by NATO expenditure categories, as well as for comparisons with other NATO eastern flank countries such as Poland, Romania and Bulgaria.
The comparison of defence spending in the Baltic states has become increasingly relevant due to the worsening security situation in Europe and the need to strengthen NATO’s eastern flank. The research problem is that the available public data do not clearly show how Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania’s defence spending changed in relation to NATO’s 2% target between 2019 and 2024. The aim of the thesis was to compare the extent and Dynamics of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania in relation to NATO’s 2% target during 2019–2024. The analysis was conducted using a quantitative descriptive and comparative approach, based on NATO data on defence expenditure as a share of GDP and in absolute terms. The results showed that defence spending increased in all three Baltic states during the period, but not at the same pace or at the same time. Latvia was the only country to exceed NATO’s % target in all six years. By 2024, all three countries had reached a level above 3% of GDP. Estonia had the highest defence expenditure as share of GDP in 2024, while Lithuania stood out in absolute terms. The results show that defence spending cannot be compared only as a share of GDP, but should also be analysed together with defence expenditure in absolute terms. The findings help to better understand the dynamics of Baltic defence spending and may serve as a basis for further research on Baltic defense spending by NATO expenditure categories, as well as for comparisons with other NATO eastern flank countries such as Poland, Romania and Bulgaria.
Kirjeldus
Bakalaureusetöö
Maamajandusliku ettevõtluse ja finantsjuhtimise õppekaval
Märksõnad
bakalaureusetööd, riigikaitse, kaitsevõime, Balti riigid, kaitse-eelarve