Tüfuloosi esinemine talirapsil
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Kuupäev
2024
Kättesaadavus
03.09.2024
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Tüfuloosi on peetud teraviljakultuure kahjustavaks talvitumishaiguseks, mille esinemist pärsib või leviku katkestab teiste kultuuride kasvatamine külvikorras. Üheks selliseks tulusaks kultuuriks on viimastel aastatel saanud taliraps. Seni ei ole rapsil ja teraviljadel ühiseid talvitumishaiguseid täheldatud, kuid 2021. aastal leiti Eestis tüfuloosile omased kokkupakitud seeneniitidest mügarad ehk sklerootsiumid ka talirapsilt. Käesoleva magistritöö eesmärgiks oli kindlaks teha, kas kõrrelistele olulist kahju põhjustava Typhula seeneperekonna liigid kattuvad talirapsi kahjustavate liikidega. Uurimuse uudsus seisneb selles, et varasemalt ei ole Euroopas rapsil tüfuloosi esinemist tuvastatud. Uuringus kasutati vahetult pärast lume sulamist teraviljadelt, kõrrelistelt ja rapsilt erinevatest asukohtadest kogutud tüfuloosile omaseid sklerootsiumitega proove. Liikide tuvastamiseks eraldati sklerootsiumidest DNA ning PCR produktid saadeti Tartu Ülikooli genoomika instituudi tuumiklaborisse Sanger sekveneerimisse. DNA järjestustele liigi vaste leidmiseks kasutati UNITE ja NCBI blast otsingut. Tulemustest selgus, et nii teraviljadel kui rapsitaimedel esineb sama liiki patogeen – Typhula ishikariensis. Vaid kahel proovil, mis olid kogutud kõrrelistelt taimedelt koduaiamurult ja rohumaalt, tuvastati Typhula phacorrhiza. Kuna sama patogeen Typhula ishikariensis esineb nii teraviljadel kui talirapsil, siis seene arenguks soodsatel talvedel võib tulevikus tekkida vajadus ümber teha senised külviplaanid. Edaspidi oleks kindlasti vajalik süsteemsemalt uurida seost rapsi eelviljade, mullastiku, vastuvõtlike sortide jms ning tüfuloosi esinemise vahel.
Typhula has been considered as snow mold disease damaging cereal crops, the occurrence of which is suppressed or interrupted by the cultivation of other crops in the crop rotation. Winter oilseed rape has become one such profitable crop in Estonia in recent years. In 2021, Typhula sclerotia was found on winter rape in Estonia. The aim of this master's thesis was to determine whether the species of the genus Typhula, which cause significant damage to cereals,host jump to winter rapeseed. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that Typhula has not previously been detected in rapeseed in Estonia. The study used 13 samples collected from different locations from cereals, grasses and rapeseed after the snow melted in spring. In the laboratory, DNA was isolated, PCR analysis were performed using specific primers for Basidiomycota, raw sequences obtained from the core laboratory of the Institute of Genomics of the University of Tartu were analyzed and blasts were performed in the UNITE and NCBI GenBank databases. The results revealed that the same type of pathogen – Typhula ishikariensis – was present on both cereals and winter oilseed rape (altogether 11 samples of those collected). Typhula phacorrhiza was detected in only two samples collected from grassland and from turf area. Since the same pathogen Typhula ishikariensis is present in both cereals and winter oilseed rape, during winters, that are favorable for the development of the fungus, it may be necessary to change the current crop rotation plans. In the future it would be necessary to study systematically the relationships between rapeseed pre-crops, soil, susceptible varieties, etc., and the occurrence of Typhula ishikariensis on winter oilseed rape plants.
Typhula has been considered as snow mold disease damaging cereal crops, the occurrence of which is suppressed or interrupted by the cultivation of other crops in the crop rotation. Winter oilseed rape has become one such profitable crop in Estonia in recent years. In 2021, Typhula sclerotia was found on winter rape in Estonia. The aim of this master's thesis was to determine whether the species of the genus Typhula, which cause significant damage to cereals,host jump to winter rapeseed. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that Typhula has not previously been detected in rapeseed in Estonia. The study used 13 samples collected from different locations from cereals, grasses and rapeseed after the snow melted in spring. In the laboratory, DNA was isolated, PCR analysis were performed using specific primers for Basidiomycota, raw sequences obtained from the core laboratory of the Institute of Genomics of the University of Tartu were analyzed and blasts were performed in the UNITE and NCBI GenBank databases. The results revealed that the same type of pathogen – Typhula ishikariensis – was present on both cereals and winter oilseed rape (altogether 11 samples of those collected). Typhula phacorrhiza was detected in only two samples collected from grassland and from turf area. Since the same pathogen Typhula ishikariensis is present in both cereals and winter oilseed rape, during winters, that are favorable for the development of the fungus, it may be necessary to change the current crop rotation plans. In the future it would be necessary to study systematically the relationships between rapeseed pre-crops, soil, susceptible varieties, etc., and the occurrence of Typhula ishikariensis on winter oilseed rape plants.
Kirjeldus
Magistritöö
Põllumajandussaaduste tootmise ja turustamise õppekaval
Märksõnad
magistritööd, raps, tüfuloos, sklerootsium, talvitumishaigus, külvikord