Individuaalsus loomade häälitsustes metsise (Tetrao urogallus) näitel
Laen...
Kuupäev
2023
Kättesaadavus
07.09.2023
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Häälitsuse järgi indiviidi eristamine on arenev ja laienev teadusvaldkond. Maailmas on
vastavaid teadusartikleid avaldatud 1988. aastast, aga Eestis pole varasemalt sellist
meetodit kasutatud. On leitud, et häälte akustiline analüüs aitaks kaasa seire ja kaitse
planeerimisel ning koguda andmeid ka kõige raskemini uuritavate liikide kohta. Töö
eesmärgiks on helisalvestiste kaudu individuaalse eristamise meetodi väljatöötamine
kasutades selleks metsise (Tetrao urogallus) isaslindude kõiki häälefaase ühe tervikuna.
Eesmärgi saavutamiseks kasutati nelja metsisekuke helisalvestist Ida-Virumaalt, mis
jagati klastriteks ning igast klastrist mõõdeti kuus parameetrit (kestus, tippsagedus,
maksimaalne sagedus, algsagedus, lõppsagedus ja keskmine sagedus). Saadud
parameetritega viidi läbi statistiline analüüs – peakomponentanalüüs, Kruskal-Wallise test
ja Bonferroni korrektsioon. Tulemustest selgub, et kõikide helisalvestiste parameetrite
vahel on olulised erinevused ehk igal salvestisel häälitses erinev metsisekukk.
Bakalaureusetöö kinnitab, et metsise häälituse järgi on võimalik isendeid individuaalselt
eristada. Edaspidistes uuringutes võiks pöörata tähelepanu, kuidas tõhusalt rakendada
akustilist meetodit näiteks kevadises metsisemängude seires, milline on selle
kuluefektiivsus ning kas häälitsuste kaudu on võimalik hinnata isendi füsioloogilist
seisundit ning selle seost maastikuga.
Individual differentiation using vocalization is an evolving and expanding field of research. Articles based on acoustic research methods have been published worldwide since 1988, but this method has not been used in Estonia. It has been suggested that acoustic analysis of vocalizations could help in monitoring and conservation planning and gathering data on the most difficult-to-study species. The aim of this thesis is to develop a method for individual identification using all vocal phases of the Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) males as a whole. Four Capercaillie sound recordings from Ida-Virumaa were used to achieve the objective, which was divided into clusters and six parameters (duration, peak frequency, max frequency, start frequency, end frequency and mean frequency) were measured in each cluster. Statistical analysis – principal component analysis, Kruskal-Wallis test and Bonferroni correction – was performed on the obtained parameters. The results show significant differences between the parameters of all the sound recordings, i.e. each recording was voiced by a different individual. The thesis confirms that Capercaillie individuals can be distinguished individually by their vocalizations. Future studies could focus on applying the acoustic method effectively, for example, in spring monitoring of capercaillie leks, its cost-effectiveness and whether the individual’s physiological condition and its relationship to the landscape can be assessed through vocalizations.
Individual differentiation using vocalization is an evolving and expanding field of research. Articles based on acoustic research methods have been published worldwide since 1988, but this method has not been used in Estonia. It has been suggested that acoustic analysis of vocalizations could help in monitoring and conservation planning and gathering data on the most difficult-to-study species. The aim of this thesis is to develop a method for individual identification using all vocal phases of the Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) males as a whole. Four Capercaillie sound recordings from Ida-Virumaa were used to achieve the objective, which was divided into clusters and six parameters (duration, peak frequency, max frequency, start frequency, end frequency and mean frequency) were measured in each cluster. Statistical analysis – principal component analysis, Kruskal-Wallis test and Bonferroni correction – was performed on the obtained parameters. The results show significant differences between the parameters of all the sound recordings, i.e. each recording was voiced by a different individual. The thesis confirms that Capercaillie individuals can be distinguished individually by their vocalizations. Future studies could focus on applying the acoustic method effectively, for example, in spring monitoring of capercaillie leks, its cost-effectiveness and whether the individual’s physiological condition and its relationship to the landscape can be assessed through vocalizations.
Kirjeldus
Bakalaureusetöö
Keskkonnakaitse õppekaval
Märksõnad
bakalaureusetööd, metsis, individuaalsus, häälitsus, akustiline analüüs