Eestis levivad viinapuu(Vitis) kahjustajad
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Kuupäev
2013
Kättesaadavus
ainult raamatukogus, only in library
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
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Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Bakalaureusetöö eesmärk oli kirjeldada Eestis levivaid kahjureid ja haiguseid. Tuues
välja nende kirjeldesed ja tõrjemeetodid. Kuna Eestis ei ole teadusilikult uuritud
erinevaid kahjuried ja haigusi, nede levikut ja tõrjet. Siis antud lõputöös on lähtutud
välismaa kirjandusest.
Olulisemad haigused ja kahjurid Eestis. Jahukaste, mida põhjustab lehtede ja marjade
pinnal jahuka kirmena arenev seen Oidium Tuckeri, ebajahukaste, kutsutakse ka
viinapuu-lehemädanikuks. Seda põhjustab taime rohelistes osades parasiteeriv seen
Plasmopara viticola, hahkhallitus (Botrytis cinerea) ja baktervähk (Agrobacterium vitis).
Viimapuu kahjuritest on: soon-kõrvkärsakas (Otiorhynchus sulcatus ) ja kilptäilased
(Coccoidea).
Eestis avamaal kasvatamiseks ei sobi hariliku viinapuu (Vitis vinifera) sordid, sest need
ei ole nii talvekindlad ja vajavad pikemat suve. Külmakindlate sortide aretamisel on
kasutatud erinevaid viinapuu liike: amuuri (V. amurensis), kallas- (V. riparia) ja põhjaviinapuud
(V. labrusca).
Antud lõputöös selgus, et kasvatustehnoloogilistest võtetest sõltub väga palju viinapuude
kasvatamiseks: vihmutamine kevadiste ja sügiseste öökülmade vastu, NPK väetamine,
multšimine, ridade vahel murukamara kasutamine, õige võrakujundus, lehtede
eemaldamine ja saagi vähendamine viljavõrsetelt. Kõik need kasvatustehnoloogilised
võtted avaldavad mõju ka viinapuude saagi kvaliteedile ja haigustetekkele.
The purpose of this diploma thesis is to describe wide spread grape’s diseases and insect pests in Estonia and to give their descriptions and to find out the best protection methods. This type of research has not been made earlier. The foreign literature is used in the current diploma thesis. There are some wide spread viticultural diseases in Estonia. Powdery mildew (Oidium Tuckeri) , the fungus causes a white layer to form on the leaves and berries of the grape plant. Then another kind of bacteria is downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) which is a parasitic fungus that attacks the plant’s green parts. Grey mould (Botrytis cinerea) and crown gall (Agrobacterium vitis).With regard to Vitis type insect pests in Estonia there is the black vine weevil (Otiorhynchus sulcatus) and grape phylloxera (Phylloxera vastratrix). It is not suitable to grow the common grape (Vitis finifera) in Estonia because it is not sturdy enough to endure our climate and it also needs a longer growing season. For the breeding of new, promising varieties different Vitis species like Amur grape (Vitis amurensis), frost grape (Vitis riparia) and fox grape (Vitis labruska). (Kivistik, 2000). It can be said that for growing grapevines in Estonia many growing technological measures can be recommended. These measures include sprinkler irrigation as a protection against low night temperatures in spring and in autumn; fertilization with N, P, K; the use of mulches and grass strips between rows of grapevines; trained vines; long pruning technique in spring; removal of shading leaves and reducing clusters from grapevine. All of these growing technological measures have effect on the quality of grapevine yield.
The purpose of this diploma thesis is to describe wide spread grape’s diseases and insect pests in Estonia and to give their descriptions and to find out the best protection methods. This type of research has not been made earlier. The foreign literature is used in the current diploma thesis. There are some wide spread viticultural diseases in Estonia. Powdery mildew (Oidium Tuckeri) , the fungus causes a white layer to form on the leaves and berries of the grape plant. Then another kind of bacteria is downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) which is a parasitic fungus that attacks the plant’s green parts. Grey mould (Botrytis cinerea) and crown gall (Agrobacterium vitis).With regard to Vitis type insect pests in Estonia there is the black vine weevil (Otiorhynchus sulcatus) and grape phylloxera (Phylloxera vastratrix). It is not suitable to grow the common grape (Vitis finifera) in Estonia because it is not sturdy enough to endure our climate and it also needs a longer growing season. For the breeding of new, promising varieties different Vitis species like Amur grape (Vitis amurensis), frost grape (Vitis riparia) and fox grape (Vitis labruska). (Kivistik, 2000). It can be said that for growing grapevines in Estonia many growing technological measures can be recommended. These measures include sprinkler irrigation as a protection against low night temperatures in spring and in autumn; fertilization with N, P, K; the use of mulches and grass strips between rows of grapevines; trained vines; long pruning technique in spring; removal of shading leaves and reducing clusters from grapevine. All of these growing technological measures have effect on the quality of grapevine yield.
Kirjeldus
Märksõnad
bakalaureusetööd