Ehitusmaavarade karjääride korrastamise dünaamika ja selle põhjused Eesti näitel
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Kuupäev
2013
Kättesaadav alates
ainult raamatukogus, only in library
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Abstrakt
Üha suureneva toormaterjali vajaduse, kaevandamismahtude kasvamise, vanade
karjääride ammendumise ja uute karjääride arvu paisumise tulemusena on meil tekkinud
tänases Eestis olukord, kus paljud väljastatud ehitusmaavara mäeeraldised on
ammendunud ja hakkavad oma kehtivust kaotama, mistõttu on väga oluline hakata
pöörama tähelepanu korrastamise küsimustele, sealhulgas selle õigeaegsele
läbiviimisele. Korrastamisnõude võimalik edasilükkamine või mittetäitmine
kaevandamislubade omanike poolt on täna väga aktuaalne.
Käesoleva töö peamine eesmärk on kaardistada hetkeolukord ehitusmaavarade
karjääride korrastamises ja analüüsida selle põhjuseid.
Andmed hinnangute andmiseks, koondtabelite ja -jooniste moodustamiseks ning
järelduste tegemiseks pärinevad Keskkonnaametist. Andmetöötluseks on kasutatud
programmi Microsoft Office Excel 2007.
Eestis on 2012. aasta 31. detsembri seisuga kehtivaid ehitusmaavarade lubasid 233
liivakarjääri, 171 kruusakarjääri, 7 savikarjääri, 21 dolokivikarjääri ja 43
lubjakivikarjääri jagu. Ühe kaevandamisloa keskmine kehtivusaeg on 15 aastat.
Eestis on 2012. aasta 31. detsembri seisuga ehitusmaavara teenindusmaa pindala kokku
6089,31 hektarit, millest 5042,69 hektarit on mäeeraldise pindala.
Keskmiselt rikub iga kaevandaja maad ühe aasta jooksul kolm korda enam kui seda
korrastatab. Kui siia lisada tõsiasi, et 2012. aasta 31. detsembri seisuga veel ainult kaks
aastat kehtivad load moodustavad kõigi kehtivate lubade hulgast 30%, siis saame aru,
kui oluline on praegu tähelepanu pöörata korrastamise küsimustele.
Heaks näiteks siinkohal on 2013.-2014. aastal lõppevad kaevandamisload, mille hulgast
on korrastatuks tunnistatud ainult 4,3%. See tähendab, et 19/20 kaevandajatest peavad
suutma viia oma rikutud karjäärid järgneva kahe aasta jooksul vastavusse seaduses
nõutuga või leidma sobiliku variandi, kuidas seda aega saaks seaduse piires pikendada.
As the result of increasing need of raw material, growth of volume of mining, depletion of old quarries, and expansion of the number of new quarries in today’s Estonia we have the situation where a lot of extracting permit areas of constructional natural resources have run down and are becoming invalid, thus it is very important to pay attention to the issues of reconditioning, and to the timely performance of this. Possible delay in the requirement of reconditioning, or failure to observe this by the owners of extraction permits is really vital today. The main purpose of this research is to map the actual state of the reconditioning of quarries of constructional natural resources and to analyse its reasons. The data for evaluation, compiling the consolidated tables and figures, and drawing conclusions is got from the Environmental Board. Microsoft Office Excel 2007 is used for data processing. As at 31 December 2012, there are valid permits for extraction of constructional natural resources – 233 sandpits, 171 gravel quarries, 7 clay quarries, 21 dolomite quarries, and 43 limestone quarries in Estonia. An average period of validity of an extraction permit is 15 years. As at 31 December 2012, the total area of the service land of constructional natural resources is 6089.31 hectares in Estonia, 5042.69 hectares of this is the area of extracting permit area. In average, in a year each miner spoils land three times more that reconditions it. And the fact that as at 31 December 2012, the permits valid for only two more years form 30% of all the valid permits shows how important it is to address the issues of reconditioning at the moment. At this point the extraction permits that become invalid in 2013-2014 give a good example as only 4.3 % of them have been considered as reconditioned. It means that 19/20 of the miners should be able to recondition their carries as required by law, or to find a suitable way how to prolong this term according to the limits of law.
As the result of increasing need of raw material, growth of volume of mining, depletion of old quarries, and expansion of the number of new quarries in today’s Estonia we have the situation where a lot of extracting permit areas of constructional natural resources have run down and are becoming invalid, thus it is very important to pay attention to the issues of reconditioning, and to the timely performance of this. Possible delay in the requirement of reconditioning, or failure to observe this by the owners of extraction permits is really vital today. The main purpose of this research is to map the actual state of the reconditioning of quarries of constructional natural resources and to analyse its reasons. The data for evaluation, compiling the consolidated tables and figures, and drawing conclusions is got from the Environmental Board. Microsoft Office Excel 2007 is used for data processing. As at 31 December 2012, there are valid permits for extraction of constructional natural resources – 233 sandpits, 171 gravel quarries, 7 clay quarries, 21 dolomite quarries, and 43 limestone quarries in Estonia. An average period of validity of an extraction permit is 15 years. As at 31 December 2012, the total area of the service land of constructional natural resources is 6089.31 hectares in Estonia, 5042.69 hectares of this is the area of extracting permit area. In average, in a year each miner spoils land three times more that reconditions it. And the fact that as at 31 December 2012, the permits valid for only two more years form 30% of all the valid permits shows how important it is to address the issues of reconditioning at the moment. At this point the extraction permits that become invalid in 2013-2014 give a good example as only 4.3 % of them have been considered as reconditioned. It means that 19/20 of the miners should be able to recondition their carries as required by law, or to find a suitable way how to prolong this term according to the limits of law.
Kirjeldus
Märksõnad
ehitusmaavarad, karjääri korrastamine, magistritööd