Puukide ja nende haiguste levik maailmas ja Eestis
Laen...
Kuupäev
2023
Kättesaadavus
07.09.2023
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Puukide uurimine on aktuaalne seoses puukide poolt levivate ohtlike haigustega. Töö
eesmärgiks oli anda ülevaade puukidest, nende levikust, puukide kaudu levivatest haigustest
ja neid mõjutavatest teguritest. Hüpoteesiks oli, et puukide arvukus ja puugihaiguste levik on
maailmas tõusnud, ning kliimasoojenemisest tingituna enim pooluste lähedal. Samuti oli
hüpoteesiks, et tulevikus tõuseb puukide arvukus ja puugihaigustesse haigestumine veelgi.
Töö on referatiivne uurimustöö, tuginedes kirjanduse allikatele. Töös püstitatud hüpoteesid
leidsid osaliselt kinnitust. Puukide arvukus ja puugihaiguste levik on viimasel ajal tõusnud,
kuid palju varasema ajaga seda andmete puudumise tõttu võrrelda ei saa. Selgus ka, et
kliimamuutused mõjutavad puuke ja puukide levitatavaid haigusi enim pooluste lähedal,
näiteks liigi Ixodes uriae puhul. Tulevikus ennustatakse põhjapoolsetel aladel
vegetatsiooniperioodi pikenemist, mis pikendaks haigust kandvate puukide aktiivsuse
perioodi. Kliimamuutustest tingituna võivad uued puugiliigid jõuda piirkondadesse, kus nad
varem levinud ei olnud. Lindude abil suudavad puugid pikki vahemaid levida ja nii nähakse
Skandinaavias reaalse ohuna uusi puugiliike. Puugihaiguste levik on piirkonniti erinev.
Käesoleval sajandil on Eestis puukentsefaliiti haigestumine vähenenud, puukborrelioosi
haigestumine aga tõusnud. Skandinaavias on täheldatud nakatumise tõusu mõlemasse
haigusesse.
There is an increasing need to study ticks due the dangerous diseases they carry. The aim of the thesis was to give an overview about ticks, the diseases they carry and the factors influencing their distribution. The hypothesis was that there is an increase in the abundance of ticks and tick diseases, and especially towards the Poles due to climate change. It was also hypothesized that the abundance of ticks and tick diseases will increase even more in the future. This work is based on literature overview. Both hypotheses were partly supported. The results show that the abundance of ticks and tick diseases has increased recently. There is no data, however, about the deeper past, so long-term conclusions cannot be made. The results also show climate change influences ticks more towards the Poles, as is the case with the species Ixodes uriae. It is predicted that the length of the vegetation period and hence the active period of ticks will increase towards the Poles in the future. New tick species can spread in new regions due to climate change. As ticks can travel long distances with the help of birds, new tick species are being seen as a real danger in Scandinavia. The distribution of tick diseases varies across regions. In Estonia, there are less cases of Encephalitis but more cases of Lyme disease in the current century. In Scandinavia, the cases of both diseases have increased.
There is an increasing need to study ticks due the dangerous diseases they carry. The aim of the thesis was to give an overview about ticks, the diseases they carry and the factors influencing their distribution. The hypothesis was that there is an increase in the abundance of ticks and tick diseases, and especially towards the Poles due to climate change. It was also hypothesized that the abundance of ticks and tick diseases will increase even more in the future. This work is based on literature overview. Both hypotheses were partly supported. The results show that the abundance of ticks and tick diseases has increased recently. There is no data, however, about the deeper past, so long-term conclusions cannot be made. The results also show climate change influences ticks more towards the Poles, as is the case with the species Ixodes uriae. It is predicted that the length of the vegetation period and hence the active period of ticks will increase towards the Poles in the future. New tick species can spread in new regions due to climate change. As ticks can travel long distances with the help of birds, new tick species are being seen as a real danger in Scandinavia. The distribution of tick diseases varies across regions. In Estonia, there are less cases of Encephalitis but more cases of Lyme disease in the current century. In Scandinavia, the cases of both diseases have increased.
Kirjeldus
Bakalaureusetöö
Keskkonnakaitse õppekaval
Märksõnad
bakalaureusetööd, võsapuuk, laanepuuk, puukborrelioos, puukentsefaliit