Elektrienergia salvestuse maksumus
Laen...
Kuupäev
2020
Kättesaadav alates
02.09.2020
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Energia salvestamine on säästva energeetika oluline komponent. Energiasalvestus
tehnoloogiad võimaldavad energiat aja jooksul paindlikult juhtida, tasakaalustada
pakkumist ja nõudlust ning kasutust erinevates rakendustes. Taastuvenergia allikate,
elektriautode tootmise ning elektrienergia tarbimise kasv toovad esile elektrienergia
salvestuse olulisuse. Käesoleva bakalaureusetöö eesmärk on uurida ning esitada hetkel
kasutuses olevaid elektrienergia salvestustehnoloogiaid, teostada turu-uuring, et välja
selgitada akude hinna tendents ning tuleviku prognoos ja arvutada elektrienergia
salvestamise hind akudel põhineval salvestussüsteemil.
Energiasalvestus tehnoloogiaid võib jaotada töötsükli kestvuse järgi kolme gruppi:
lühiajaline, pidev/päevane ja pikaajaline. Töös kirjeldatud elektrienergia salvestusliigid
on mehaaniline, elektrostaatiline ja -magneetiline, keemiline ning elektrokeemiline. Aku
kasutus elektrienergia salvestamiseks on tänapäeval tõusuteel ning vastavalt uuringufirma
BloombergNEF prognoosile on liitium-ioonakude turu maht aastaks 2030 116 miljardit
USD aastas. Aku hind, mis oli aastal 2010 veel üle 1100 USD/kWh aastaks 2019 langes
87% ja ulatus 156 USD-ni. Aastaks 2023 prognoositakse keskmiseks hinnaks 100
USD/kWh ning aastaks 2030 61 USD/kWh. Aku õige kasutamine mõjutab oluliselt selle
tööiga ning korraliku ning kestva aku toimimiseks on see hädavajalik. DoD ehk
tühjenemise sügavus määrab akupanga mahu. Mida väiksem on tühjenemise sügavus,
seda suurem on tsüklite arv ning efektiivsus. Võrdlus- ning arvutustulemused näitavad, et
üldjuhul sügavam aku tühjenemine lühendab aku eluiga (laadimistsüklite arv) ning
elektrienergia salvestuse maksumus kasvab.
Antud töö loob eeldused edasisteks uuringuteks elektrienergia salvestuse hinna
alandamise võimaluste üle.
Energy storage is an important component of energy saving, Energy storage technologies allow flexible management of energy over time, balancing supply/demand and use in different applications. Increase of renewable energy sources, production of electric cars and electricity consumption highlight the importance of electricity storage. The aim of this thesis is to study and present currently used electricity storage technologies, conduct market research to find out the price trend and future forecast of batteries and calculate the cost of electricity storage in battery-based storage system. Energy storage technologies can be classified as short-term, daily or long-term storage. Electric energy storage systems are physical, electrical, chemical and electrochemical. Battery-based electricity storage is on the rise today and according to research company BloombergNEF market size for lithium-ion batteries will reach 116 billion USD by 2030. The price of battery which in 2010 was over 1100 USD/kWh fell by 87% and reached 156 USD/kWh in 2019. By 2023 the average price is predicted at 100 USD/kWh and by 2030 at 61 USD/kWh. Proper use of battery will significantly affect its lifespan and is essential for proper and long-lasting operation. The DoD (depth of discharge) determines capacity of battery. The smaller DoD rate the greater number of cycles and efficiency. Comparison and calculation results show that deeper battery discharge shortens battery lifespan (number of cycles) and increase cost of electricity storage. This work creates conditions for further research on possibilities of lowering cost of electricity storage.
Energy storage is an important component of energy saving, Energy storage technologies allow flexible management of energy over time, balancing supply/demand and use in different applications. Increase of renewable energy sources, production of electric cars and electricity consumption highlight the importance of electricity storage. The aim of this thesis is to study and present currently used electricity storage technologies, conduct market research to find out the price trend and future forecast of batteries and calculate the cost of electricity storage in battery-based storage system. Energy storage technologies can be classified as short-term, daily or long-term storage. Electric energy storage systems are physical, electrical, chemical and electrochemical. Battery-based electricity storage is on the rise today and according to research company BloombergNEF market size for lithium-ion batteries will reach 116 billion USD by 2030. The price of battery which in 2010 was over 1100 USD/kWh fell by 87% and reached 156 USD/kWh in 2019. By 2023 the average price is predicted at 100 USD/kWh and by 2030 at 61 USD/kWh. Proper use of battery will significantly affect its lifespan and is essential for proper and long-lasting operation. The DoD (depth of discharge) determines capacity of battery. The smaller DoD rate the greater number of cycles and efficiency. Comparison and calculation results show that deeper battery discharge shortens battery lifespan (number of cycles) and increase cost of electricity storage. This work creates conditions for further research on possibilities of lowering cost of electricity storage.
Kirjeldus
Bakalaureusetöö
Tehnika ja tehnoloogia õppekaval
Märksõnad
bakalaureusetööd, akud, taastuvenergia, elektrienergia, energia salvestamine