Trichoderma tüvede mõju kartuli- lehemädaniku tekitajale
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Kuupäev
2024
Kättesaadavus
30.05.2029
Autorid
Ajakirja pealkiri
Ajakirja ISSN
Köite pealkiri
Kirjastaja
Eesti Maaülikool
Abstrakt
Kartuli-lehemädaniku tekitaja Phytophthora infestans on üks laastavamaid patogeene
kartulitootmises, põhjustades suuri saagikadusid. Haigustekitaja tõrjumisega kaasnevateks
probleemideks on: resistentsuse teke toimeainete vastu, rangemate regulatsioonide
kehtestamine preparaatide kasutamise osas ning samuti keemiliste taimekaitsevahendite
kasutamisega kaasnev keskkonnareostus. Alternatiivseks lahenduseks keemilistele
preparaatidele on bioloogilised tõrjevahendid, mis sisaldavad näiteks antagonistlike
mikroseeni. Enim uuritud mikroseente perekond on Trichoderma, kellel on võime pärssida
patogeeni kasvu ning samuti on neil positiivne toime taimede kasvule ja arengule.
Käesoleva bakalaureusetöö eesmärgiks on hinnata 13 erineva Trichoderma spp. tüve
antagonistlikku mõju kartuli-lehemädaniku tekitajale Phytophthora infestans`ile in vitro
kahe temperatuuri juures, milleks olid 14 ºC ja 24 ºC. Katse käigus mõõdeti patogeeni
koloonia pindalad pildistöötlusprogrammi ImageJ abil ning arvutati välja
tüvede inhibitsiooniprotsent.
Tulemustest selgus, et Trichoderma spp. tüvedel on erinev inhibitsioonivõime 14°C juures,
kuid 24 °C ei esinenud tüvede vahel statistiliselt olulist erinevust. Efektiivsemad tüved
inhibeerisid patogeeni kasvu üle 40% mõlema temperatuuri juures. Mõnedel tüvedel
patogeeni kasvu pärssiv toime puudus.
Katse käigus tuvastati mitmed tüved, sealhulgas ka Eesti päritoluga, milledel võib olla
potentsiaali edasistes uuringutes ning katsetes bioloogilise tõrje preparaatide välja
töötamisel. Edasised katsed on vajalikud, et kinnitada töös efektiivsemateks osutunud
Trichoderma tüvede inhibeerivat mõju kartuli-lehemädaniku põhjustavale patogeenile.
Phytophthora infestans - the causative agent of potato late blight, is one of the most devastating pathogens in potato production, causing significant yield losses. The management of late blight faces some challenges: resistance to fungicides, stricter regulations regarding the use of fungicides, and the overall negative impact on the environment. An alternative approach to chemical disease control is the use of biological control agents, for example, antagonistic microfungi. The most studied genus of antagonistic fungi is, for example, the genus Trichoderma, which can inhibit pathogen growth and also has a positive effect on plant growth and development. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the antagonistic potential of 13 different Trichoderma strains on Phytophthora infestans in vitro at two temperatures: 14 ºC and 24 ºC. Colony areas of the pathogen were photographed and measured with the image editing software ImageJ and subsequently, the inhibition percentage of the strains were calculated. Results revealed that some strains of Trichoderma showed the ability to inhibit pathogen growth at both temperatures. The most effective strains were able to inhibit mycelial growth of the pathogen by over 40%. Several strains showed no overall inhibition of the pathogen. During the experiment, several strains were identified, including those of Estonian origin, which may have potential for further research. Further experiments are needed to determine the efficacy of Trichoderma strains on potato late blight pathogen.
Phytophthora infestans - the causative agent of potato late blight, is one of the most devastating pathogens in potato production, causing significant yield losses. The management of late blight faces some challenges: resistance to fungicides, stricter regulations regarding the use of fungicides, and the overall negative impact on the environment. An alternative approach to chemical disease control is the use of biological control agents, for example, antagonistic microfungi. The most studied genus of antagonistic fungi is, for example, the genus Trichoderma, which can inhibit pathogen growth and also has a positive effect on plant growth and development. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the antagonistic potential of 13 different Trichoderma strains on Phytophthora infestans in vitro at two temperatures: 14 ºC and 24 ºC. Colony areas of the pathogen were photographed and measured with the image editing software ImageJ and subsequently, the inhibition percentage of the strains were calculated. Results revealed that some strains of Trichoderma showed the ability to inhibit pathogen growth at both temperatures. The most effective strains were able to inhibit mycelial growth of the pathogen by over 40%. Several strains showed no overall inhibition of the pathogen. During the experiment, several strains were identified, including those of Estonian origin, which may have potential for further research. Further experiments are needed to determine the efficacy of Trichoderma strains on potato late blight pathogen.
Kirjeldus
Bakalaureusetöö
Põllumajandussaaduste tootmise ja turustamise õppekaval
Märksõnad
bakalaureusetööd, Trichoderma, Phytophthora infestans, antagonism, bioloogiline tõrje, kartulilehemädanik