2022, Vol. 33, No. 2

Selle kollektsiooni püsiv URIhttp://hdl.handle.net/10492/7914

Sirvi

Nüüd näidatakse 1 - 8 8

Lühiartikkel : Eesti muldkatte huumusseisund ja keskkonnahoidlik majandamine
(Estonian Academic Agricultural Society, 2022) Kõlli, Raimo
In the framework of the European mission “Soil Deal for Europe” ambitious tasks have been load to the whole European Union and forming its states in the field of carbon management. Departing from pedo- ecological conditions of Estonia, the pros and cons of the European Union's plans about carbon farming are treated. By the principles of pedocentric approach the soil humus status and carbon farming technologies are soil type specifics and should be utilized in the most detailed as possible soil taxonomic unit, for which by Estonian soil classification are soil species and soil varieties. Thanks to gathering during large scale (1:10,000) soil mapping in earlier time data and proceeding later field experiments in Estonia there are relatively good databases on soil humus status for all most dominated soil species and/or varieties by different land use conditions (arable, grass- and forest lands). The main available quantitative characteristics on soil humus status (expressed via carbon) are concentration (g C kg‒1) and superficial densities (Mg C ha‒1) of organic carbon given by soil species and their genetic horizons in above- named third land use conditions. Besides that, these data have been calculated (1) separately for humus cover (humipedons) and subsoil layers and (2) as well in relation to layers with certain thickness (30, 50 and 100 cm). As a qualitative index of humus status, the humus cover types (humus forms) have been elaborated separately for arable soils and for being in natural state soils. As the carbon concentration in arable soils depends mainly on contents of clay particles, watering conditions and calcareous- ness, was possible to elaborate for all dominating arable soils three humus (and carbon) concentration levels: scarce, optimal and excess, which are needed for choice of suitable to soil conditions agro technology. There is a declared serious shortage of knowledge on composition of soil organisms’ societies by soil types and on syn- and autecology of their functioning.
Storage stability of chicken patties after treatment with pomegranate, potato and apple peel extracts
(Estonian Academic Agricultural Society, 2022) Thanoun, Ehab Ahmed; Al-Jammaas, Oday Hasan Ali
The goal of this study was to evaluate the comparative effect of alcoholic extracts of pomegranate peel powder (POMPEP), potato peel powder (POTPEP) and apple peel powder (APPPEP) on oxidative and microbial stability of chicken meat patties during frozen storage at −18 °C for 60 days. The formulations of meat products were treated with different freeze-dried alcoholic peel extracts (T1 – control; T2 – 1% POMPEP; T3 – 1% POTPEP and T4 – 1% APPPEP). Peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), free fatty acids (FFA), pH, total aerobic bacteria (TAB), and psychrophilic bacteria (PSB) counts were determined after 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days of storage. The addition of extracts led to a significant decrease in PV (13.62– 26.82%), compared with control. Regarding the secondary oxidation products, the TBARS values of different patties decreased in the order of POMPEP > APPPEP > POTPEP > Control. FFA values of the POTPEP treated patties were significantly higher than in other extracts, whereas there were no significant differences in the pH values among studied extracts. TAB and PSB values of the treated patties were less than the maximum allowed value.
Microbial remediation of petroleum polluted soil
(Estonian Academic Agricultural Society, 2022) Pysarenko, Pavlo; Samojlik, Maryna; Taranenko, Anna; Tsova, Yurii; Taranenko, Serhiy
The issues of land pollution, restoration, and return of land to agricultural cultivation are today. Especially, this is gaining new relevance in modern conditions of military action on the territory of Ukraine and other countries, which causes the reduction of cultivation areas. Therefore, there is a need for maximum cleaning and restoration of polluted soils to ensure environmental and food security. Petroleum hydrocarbons are classified as major environmental pollutants due to their stability and durability in the environment. The influence of petroleum hydrocarbons is caused by direct toxic activity and by the soil environment transformation. The research aimed: to study the effectiveness of probiotics in the technology of soil cleaning and remediation; evaluate the phytotoxic effect of oil-contaminated soil before and after the application of probiotics; to find the optimal concentration of probiotics for the effective cleaning and remediation of soil. The seedling method was used to evaluate the phytotoxic effect of contaminated soil before and after the application of probiotics. Research results showed an ambiguous impact on Pisum sativum and Avéna satíva at different times after pollution. In the initial phase, polluted soil has no significant influence on Pisum sativum. For Avéna satíva soil, become toxic right away after pollution. Phytotoxic effect of Pisum sativum and Avéna sativa decrease by the indexes of seed emergence, roots length, roots weight, underground part length and ground part weight due to probiotics treatment. The high efficiency of biological remediation by probiotics in comparison with soil cleaning in natural conditions is determined in the experiment. Probiotic concentration 1:10 is the most effective of all studied initial concentrations of pollutants. Reducing probiotic concentration leads to a decrease in the efficiency of soil cleaning from petroleum products.
Effect of water deficit on the growth and yield on different genotypes of tomato in semi-arid climate condition
(Estonian Academic Agricultural Society, 2022) Al-Shammari, Aziz Mahdi Abd; Hamdi, Ghassan Jaafar
In areas where the supply of water for irrigation is limited, tomato production is often subject to drought stress. This study was conducted at the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Gardening, University of Diyala, Baqubah, Iraq in 2021 wherein 22 genotypes ('S.G', 'San II', 'M.O', 'Red Pear', 'F.R', 'Marb', 15 F1 hybrids were obtained from 6×6 half diallel cross and 'Bobcat' control hybrid) were cultivated under full irrigation [covering 100% of crop evapotranspiration demands (ETc)] and water deficit (50% of ETc) conditions. The results showed that cv. 1×6 produced the longest plants (119.01 cm) and the least time to flowering (10.23 days). Most branches (31.98) were produced by cv. 5×6. Both cvs. 1×6 and 5×6 produced the most leaf area (1 991 and 1 977 cm2 respectively) and most yield per plant (6.75 and 6.84 kg respectively). The 100% ETc irrigation treatment produced the longest plants (91.21 cm), the greatest number of branches (28.12), the most leaf area (1 673 cm2 ), and the highest plant yield (4.61 kg). The 50% ETc irrigation treatment produced the least time to flowering (13.7 days). Irrigation level lowering to 50% ETc achieved good results for the water use efficiency (WUE) use with predicted R2 = 1.00. Therefore, the results of this study recommend using the interaction of (both cvs. 1×6 and 5×6 irrigated with the 50% ETc treatment) to save water on irrigation and produce a high yield of tomatoes.
Impacts of water availability and plant density on morpho-physiological characteristics of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum)
(Estonian Academic Agricultural Society, 2022) Hassanzadehdelouei, Mojtaba; Madani, Ahad; Bakhshi, Alireza
Plant density and water availability are the most important factors determining the yield of crops and medicinal plants. To investigate the effect of these two factors and their interaction on the yield and morpho-physiological characteristics of fenugreek, an experiment was conducted in the form of split plots based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in 2020. Water availability (favourable conditions, mild stress and severe stress) were placed in main plots and plant densities (22, 44 and 66 plants m2 –1 ) were placed in subplots. The results showed a three-fold increase in plant density under optimal moisture conditions increased grain yield from 998 to 1 380 kg ha–1 and biological yield from 2 600 to 3 259 kg ha–1 , respectively, while in mild and severe water stress, did not affect grain yield and biological yield. In all three moisture conditions, a 3-fold increase in plant density reduced the number of seeds per pod and a 2-fold increase in plant density reduced the number of pods per plant. Although in some crops, the increase in density under water stress conditions can compensate for the decrease in yield, in fenugreek, the increase in density under water stress conditions was not beneficial for the plant. Increasing the density to medium (44 plants m2 –1 ) reduces the source strength and applying high density through sink restriction causes a decrease in yield. On the other hand, moisture limitation by reducing the number of pods per plant, the number of seeds per pod and the number of seeds per plant reduced the size of the sink and the mass of 1 000 seeds, which indicates the strength of the source, was not affected.
Trends in the transformation of plant ontogenesis under global climate warming
(Estonian Academic Agricultural Society, 2022) Kovalenko, Ihor; Butenko, Sergey; Zhezhkun, Anatoly; Porokhniach, Ihor; Abduraimov, Ozodbek; Klymenko, Hanna
Observations of the process of ontogenesis in a group of woody plants and forest grass in the phytocenoses of the Ukrainian Polesie of Sumy region with their division into boreal and nemoral species were done. Found that in the last two decades, nemoral plant species begin vegetation earlier and pass the first phases of the ontogenetic cycle faster than boreal species. Changes in plant ontogenesis, in turn, lead to changes in the population characteristics of plant species: the number of individuals in the population, the size and configuration of the population field and the ontogenetic and vital spectra of populations changed. There has been a tendency to regular changes in the ontogenetic spectra of both nemoral and boreal plant species, but their nature was different. In nemoral plant species, the proportion of juvenile and immature individuals in the ontogenetic spectra increased and populations acquired the character of invasive, reflecting the process of progressive strengthening of their position in phytocenoses. In populations of boreal species, on the contrary, the ageing process accelerated – the proportion of old generative, senile and subsenile individuals increased.
Annual dynamics of microclimate parameters of farrowing room in pigsty using two different ventilation systems
(Estonian Academic Agricultural Society, 2022) Mykhalko, Olekasndr; Povod, Mykola; Korzh, Olga; Verbelchuk, Tetyana; Verbelchuk, Serhii; Shcherbyna, Olena; Kalynychenko, Halyna; Onishenko, Ludmila
The study aimed to investigate the valve and geothermal microclimate systems' impact on microclimate indicators in farrowing rooms. In farrowing rooms, where the valve type of ventilation was installed, the temperature in the farrowing room in summer and autumn exceeded the norm by 3.90 and 1.60 °C, respectively. The amplitude of the average values of the annual temperature dynamics at all these measurement points was higher at using valve-type ventilation relative to geothermal, which provided a constant temperature during the year. Humidity during all seasons of the year was optimal with the use of both microclimate systems, but in summer and autumn, it was probably higher during using geothermal ventilation. The content of carbon dioxide reached its highest values in the autumn months with the use of both systems to create a microclimate, but without exceeding the norm. At the same time, its content was probably higher in the summer months in the room for keeping pregnant sows with the geothermal type of ventilation by 400 ppm or 50% (P <0.01). The ammonia content tended to increase in the autumn months in both farrowing rooms, but reached its highest values in the fall, remaining, however, within normal limits. The hydrogen sulfide content did not exceed the optimal values for both farrowing rooms during all seasons without a statistically significant difference between different types of ventilation. In the farrowing rooms where the geothermal ventilation system was used, the highest H2S content was in the winter months, amounting to 3.59 ppm, which is 0.96 ppm or 26.81% (P <0.001) higher than in spring, 0.83 ppm or 23.29% (P <0.001) higher than in summer and 0.26 ppm or 7.44% (P <0.05) higher than in spring.
Ecological and economic efficiency of growing on dark gray soils of bean-cereal grasses
(Estonian Academic Agricultural Society, 2022) Karbivska, Uliana; Butenko, Yevheniia; Nechyporenko, Valentyna; Shumkova, Olena; Shumkova, Viktoriia; Tymchuk, Dmytro S.; Tymchuk, Nataliya; Litvinov, Dmytro; Hotvianska, Anna; Toryanik, Valentina
The efficiency of growing leguminous and cereal agrophytocenoses (Trifolium pratense and Medicago sativa sown with the addition of Bromus inermis, Lolium multiflorum, Festuca rubra), highlighted their economic and energy advantages over cereal grasses. The article presents the results of the study of the influence of grass mixtures on the main indicators of the efficiency of growing sowing phytocenoses during haymaking in the Carpathians on dark grey soil. Growing agrophytocenoses without mineral fertilizers ensures the maintenance of 370–520 € ha–1 of net profit, with the profitability of 151–187%, the cost of 1 ton of feed units – 56.7–66.7 €, bioenergy coefficient – 2.5–2.9, energy efficiency ratio – 5.8–6.5 and energy consumption per 1 ton of feed units – 4.0–4.7 GJ. The cultivation of alfalfa-cereal grasses is ensured on dark-wet soil with three years of use of the best indicators of economic and energy efficiency. It was found that on both experimental bean–cereal grasses the highest efficiency is maintained when P60K60 is applied in combination with inoculation of seeds of bean strains of nodule bacteria.

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