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2024, Vol. 22, Special Issue 2

Selle kollektsiooni püsiv URIhttp://hdl.handle.net/10492/9344

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  • Kirje
    Physiological mechanisms in Ficus carica L. genotypes in response to moisture stress
    (Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Del Rosario Jacobo-Salcedo, M.; David Valdez-Cepeda, R.; Sánchez-Cohen, I.; González-Espíndola, L.Á.; Arreola-Ávila, J.G.; Trejo-Calzada, R.
    The genus Ficus comprises cultivated and wild species that vary in phenotypic characteristics of both the plant and the fruit. This genus is considered to originate from Mediterranean regions and arid lands of Europe and Africa, known as the Fertile Crescent. Ficus carica L. (fig) is a globally emerging fruit crop due to its increasing production trends and capacity to produce in low water availability. Understanding the fig tree's responses to water deficit is essential for adapting to sustainable production and climate change. In this study, we investigated the water deficit tolerance of native Ficus carica accession and the Black Mission commercial variety. This research aimed to define the relationship between resistance to water deficit and plant physiological and biochemical markers (physiological and biochemical). Those markers considered relative water content (RWC), photosynthesis (PN), stomatal conductance (gs), intercellular CO2 (Ci), transpiration (E), proline (Pro), and soluble sugar content (SSC). The results revealed that fig genotypes exhibit various adaptive mechanisms and physiological responses to water deficit, including osmotic adjustment, stomatal regulation, and proline accumulation. The water deficit condition was confirmed by measuring the soil water potential; the maximum values were in the range of -2.1 to -3.6 MPa. The ‘Guadalupe Victoria’ accession demonstrated significant water deficit resilience by maintaining higher PN values in low water availability. Additionally, the study highlighted the role of osmotic adjustments in maintaining water balance and cellular function during stress periods. These findings will provide valuable insights for the selection process of genotypes with enhanced drought tolerance in water-limited environments.
  • Kirje
    In vitro Assessment of the Food Preference and Toxicity of Five Insecticides against The Land Snail Eobania vermiculata (Gastropoda; Helicidae)
    (Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Al-Harbi, R.K.; Ismail, A.M.; Bashandy, A.S.M.E.; Awwad, M.H.; Raddy, H.M.; Korrat, E.E.E.
    The land snail Eobania vermiculata is one of the most cosmopolitan and harmful agricultural pests, causing economic devastation to many crops. For this purpose, the choice and non-choice methods was used to determine the palatability of certain plants for E. vermiculata. Moreover, the vulnerability of the snail was assessed via its exposure to five common insecticides (spirotetramat, sulfoxaflor, chlorantraniliprole, spinetoram and fipronil) using leaf-dipping technique under laboratory conditions. The median lethal dose was determined for each compound while biomarkers, such as enzymatic activity levels of AST, ALT, total protein TP, and lipid TL were used to evaluate sublethal effects. The findings of the no-choice feeding trial revealed that E. vermiculata significantly consumed a higher amount of Lactuca scariola var. sativa leaves compared to other tested plants. Cichorium cicorea leaves were found to be the least preferred by E. vermiculata, with an average of 1.71 g after 5 days. On the other hand, the results of the free choice feeding trial revealed that L. scariola var. sativa and Brassica oleracea leaves were the most frequently consumed by E. vermiculata. Conversely, E. vermiculata exhibited the lowest preference towards Brassica rapa leaves. The results of the molluscicidal activity indicated that the mortality rate is dose-dependent. After one month of exposure to a concentration of 1,000 ppm per 100 mL, chlorantraniliprole caused 46.4% mortality, followed by sulfoxaflor and fipronil, which exhibited equal mortality values of 42.9%. The latter insecticides revealed LC50 of 1,010.5, 2,501.9, and 1,444.7 ppm per 100 mL against E. vermiculata, respectively. Nevertheless, spinetoram and spirotetramat caused a lower mortality rate for E. vermiculata. The biochemical analysis results showed that the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total proteins (LP), and the lipid profile of E. vermiculata have increased by 50% in response to the insecticides. Compared to the control and other compounds, spirotetramat increased total cholesterol by 33 mg dL-1. The activity of ALT, AST, and triglycerides decreased after the application of spinetoram and fipronil treatment, with values reaching 13 u L-1, 32 u L-1, and 4 mg dL-1 of TL, respectively. However, no substantial effects of insecticides were observed on TP, Total cholesterol, LDH, or LP levels after the exposure period. The study's findings indicate that chlorantraniliprole, a novel insecticide group, could be a promising approach for controlling the land snail E. vermiculata. Unlike other, more hazardous insecticides, chlorantraniliprole has not previously been used to control snails. Furthermore, it appears to be safe for non-target organisms and mammals, making it an excellent choice for snail management.
  • Kirje
    Plant resources in the control of the key food pests Andean potato weevils (Premnotrypes spp.) and coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei): a systematic review
    (Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) De Albuquerque, R.D.D.G.; León-Vargas, F.R.; Ruiz-Paredes, R.; Villacrés-Vallejo, J.Y.; Malca-García, G.R.; Ganoza-Yupanqui, M.L.
    Potato and coffee crops grapple with pronounced challenges posed by pests, notably the Andean potato weevils (Premnotrypes spp.) and the coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei). These pests inflict significant economic repercussions on both smallholder and commercial farmers by disrupting essential food supply chains. This review delves into the insecticidal potentials of botanical resources against these pests. Notably, extracts and essential oils (EOs) from native flora or commercially available in each affected country have compelled efficacy against Premnotrypes vorax, P. latithorax and Hypothenemus hampei, such as Schinus molle L. and Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi, respectively. Through rigorous laboratory tests, onsite evaluations, and cost-effectiveness assessments, there emerges a strong advocacy for these botanical solutions. They present not only a sustainable countermeasure to these pests but also a greener alternative to conventional pesticides, thereby potentially reducing the environmental degradation and health concerns synonymous with chemical pesticides. The shift towards natural pesticides, especially those derived from plants like S. molle and S. terebinthifolia, is not only environmentally strategic but also economically prudent, aligning with both market trends and long-term sustainability goals.
  • Kirje
    Effects of chemical seed priming on germination performance and seedling growth of Lycopersicon esculentum (Mill.) under salt stress
    (Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Maaroufi-Dguimi, H.; Gamal Mohammed, S.; Abdalgadir, H.; Omari al Zahrani, F.
    As an important economic plant, Lycopersicon esculentum (Mill.) faces salinity stress from germination to all growth stages. The aim of this study is to ride salt-induced agriculture difficulties of tomato by applying different chemical seed priming: ascorbic acid (ASA), potassium nitrate (KNO3) and calcium nitrate (CaNO3) during two time periods which are 24 and 48 hours. In the current case, the seeds were pre-treated with previously mentioned chemicals for varying periods of time before germination in a salt solution (100 mM NaCl). The treatments were replicated three times. For no primed seeds, salt treatment decreased germination parameters as well as seedling growth parameters (fresh weight, epicotyl and root length and chlorophyll content). Different chemical seed priming alleviated the salt harmful effect on germination and growth parameters. In saline conditions, the priming agents, had more significant effect in comparison with normal conditions. Significantly, the treatment including CaNO3-48-h priming, had high efficacy in promoting germination and plant growth and is associated with reduced levels of leaf proline and malondialdehyde (MDA) content.
  • Kirje
    How do rhizobacteria species influence the growth and yield of soybean in a tropical environment?
    (Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Silva, R.K.S.; Da Silva, P.F.M.; Nascimento, L.M.; De Araújo, T.A.N.; Vendruscolo, E.P.
    The application of rhizobacteria has gained space in agricultural production, given the demand for more sustainable systems. However, most of the results obtained are related to soil or seed application, leaving a gap in relation to the foliar application of these microorganisms. The objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of foliar application of different types of growth-promoting rhizobacteria on morphological aspects and production components of soybean. For this, the foliar application of four rhizobacteria (Serratia sp.; Bacillus subtilis; Bacillus sp.; Pseudomonas fluorescens) was used, as well as a control without inoculation. Morphological variables of growth and production components were analyzed. The yield ratio of the treatments with rhizobacteria, concerning the control was also calculated. The foliar application with different rhizobacteria in soybean did not affect the vegetative parameters of plant height, stem diameter and dry weight of the canopy. For the number of pods per plant, number of grains per plant and grain yield the use of Bacillus sp. was superior to the other treatments, providing an average increase of 27.65%, 20.32% and 28.59%, respectively. Also, the Serratia sp., Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens application increased the grain yield by 8.49%, 10.73% and 5.71%, respectively. In conclusion, for the condition of the tropical region where this study was conducted, the foliar application with different growth-promoting rhizobacteria in soybean did not interfere in the vegetative development of soybean plants. In addition, considering the factors related to the increase of production in cultivated areas, all rhizobacteria have the potential to improve yield gains when applied as foliar treatment, especially the Bacillus sp.
  • Kirje
    The implementation of sustainable urban agriculture: response of mustard (Brassica juncea L.) towards planting media composition of top soil, biochar and manure at vertical farming
    (Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Syaranamual, S.; Tuhumena, V.L.; Syufi, Y.; Daeng, B.; Muyan, Y.; Karamang, S.; Martanto, E.A.; Baan, S.; Musaad, I.; Amriati, B.; Purnomo, D.W.; Sarungallo, A.S.; Tubur, H.W.
    The study investigates the growth and yield response of mustard to different planting media of soil, biochar, and manure as planting media, within a vertical cultivation technique. Three-month research was carried out at the Screen House of Agroclimatology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Papua University, employing a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and triplicates. The results of the analysis of variance revealed that at 2 weeks after planting (WAP) period demonstrated a statistically significant effect of growing media composition on mustard height. Notably, Soil:Biochar (M1) treatment exhibited the highest plant height, surpassing Soil:Biochar:Manure (M3) treatment. Although biochar addition had an insignificant effect compared to control (M0) and Soil:Manure (M2) treatments, Soil: Biochar still achieved the greatest height. Further significance tests revealed that Soil:Biochar treatment recorded the longest leaf length, a measure not significantly different from Soil:Manure and Soil:Biochar:Manure treatments, but notably different from control which produced the shortest leaf length. Moreover, the Soil:Manure treatment presented the highest yield in terms of plant fresh weight compared to other treatments. While Soil:Biochar and Soil:Biochar:Manure treatments did not show statistical differences, their results were higher than control. In conclusion, the Soil:Manure treatment displayed the highest yield for plant dry weight and total plant weight per pot compared to other treatments, where control consistently performed the lowest. These findings underscore the efficacy of the Soil: Manure treatment in optimizing mustard growth and yield within a vertical cultivation system.
  • Kirje
    Bioactivity of a methanolic extract of Peganum harmala L. seeds on the inflorescence rot agent (Mauginiella scaettae) and the fusarium rot agent (Fusarium oxysporum fsp albedinis) of date palm
    (Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Araba, F.; Khene, B.; Kemmasi, A.; Kraimat, M.; Othmani, R.; Rahmani, Y.; Khane, Y.; Djellid, Y.
    The antifungal activity of the methanolic extract of Peganum harmala L. seeds harvested in Algerian Sahara was assessed on the mycelial growth of Mauginiella scaettae the causal agent of inflorescence rot and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp albedinis the causal agent of vascular fusariosis of date palm (Bayoud). The phytochemical analyses revealed the absence of tannins, flavonoids, steroids and coumarins, and among others, alkaloids, saponosides and terpenoids. The antifungal tests of different concentrations prove a strong inhibitory activity of the seed extract towards Mauginiella scaettae with an average inhibition rate of 100% after 72 h from 20% concentration to 100% (v/v). For Fusarium oxysporum f. sp albedinis, the inhibition rate increased with the extract concentration and the mycelial growth in the treated plates showed a low growth rate compared to the growth of this fungus in the control. The ANOVA test reveals that the extract of Peganum harmala seeds is very effective against Mauginiella scaettae and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp albedinis, it appears to have antifungal and mycelial growth inhibitory activity.
  • Kirje
    Assessment of environmental impacts: a life cycle analysis of wheat and rice production in Madhya Pradesh
    (Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Khangar, N.S.; Thangavel, M.
    The production of cereals is one of the primary activities that is responsible for most of the environmental degradation that is caused by agricultural activities. In this study, an attempt was made to determine the ecosystem & resource emissions along with emissions affecting human health, causing due to agricultural activities. LCA is used to conduct an analysis of 17 types of emissions caused by rice and wheat production per hectare in Madhya Pradesh. Based on LCIA and Monte Carlo simulation, the study provides valuable insights into the regional environmental emissions associated with direct seeded rice (DSR), irrigated wheat (IW) and rainfed wheat (RW). Study shows that except for Marine eutrophication (MEUT) and Agricultural land use (ALU), rice production has relatively higher impact than wheat production. Irrigated wheat production found with higher potential of causing non-cancerous diseases caused by air pollution, whereas rice production has the potential to contribute to cancer disease. The production of rice and wheat in Madhya Pradesh state cumulatively contributes 0.008 Gt CO2 eq. (0.10% of global total) to the global agrifood system GHG emission within farmgate. Since majority of the emissions are caused by soil & crop nutrients and fuel consumption, here it became important to adopt sustainable agricultural practices & biofuel to lessen the environmental impact of wheat & rice production and make sustainable agro-food system of Madhya Pradesh. Based on study results emission mitigation policies have been suggested taking the existing policies into consideration.
  • Kirje
    Adsorbent potential of cocoa pod husk activated charcoal to remove metals from the Ucayali River
    (Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Lozano-Reátegui, R.M.; Asencios-Tarazona, V.; Ruiz-Yance, I.O.; Guerrero-Ochoa, M.R.; Pinedo-Chambi, W.; Mendoza-Carlos, M.M.
    The problem of river water contamination due to the presence of dangerous metals for ichthyological flora and fauna and human health has motivated the search for innovative and feasible solutions. Therefore, the production of activated carbon from cocoa pod husks was investigated to eliminate metals present in the Ucayali River. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the manufacturing of the adsorbent and test its effectiveness in removing metals from water using a factorial design of 33 and 32, with three replicates each. The optimal amount of activated carbon (18.41 g) was obtained from 200 g of fresh cocoa pod husks. It was converted into activated carbon under the following conditions: thermal modification at 100, 150, and 200 °C; activation time of 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 h; and pyrolysis and activation at 400, 500, and 600 °C. This allowed the elimination by efficient adsorption of 56.8% Fe2+, 68.4% Al3+, 65.9% Cu2+, and 55.5% Zn2+ from Ucayali River, thus demonstrating its adsorbent power. The results will make it possible to manufacture filters to decontaminate water containing heavy metals, thus guaranteeing its consumption.
  • Kirje
    Boron and magnesium foliar application increase grain yield of durum wheat under drought by improving some physiological parameters
    (Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Bani Khalaf, Y.; Aldahadha, A.; Migdadi, O.; Samarah, N.
    Grain yield of wheat is primarily limited by water stress. Therefore, to increase productivity under drought conditions, a pot experiment was carried out at Maru Agricultural Research Station (MARS), Jordan, during the year 2021 to investigate the effect of foliar fertilizer by boron and magnesium under drought at either tillering or anthesis stages on some physiological parameters and yield components of two varieties of durum wheat. Foliar application by combined boron and magnesium had significantly improved the transpiration rate and relative water content (RWC) of wheat varieties at both tillering (4.39 µg cm-2 s-1 and 82.55%, respectively) and anthesis (7.43 µg cm-2 s-1 and 77.28%, respectively) growth stages, when compared with controls at tillering (3.56 µg cm-2 s-1 and 76.63%, respectively) and anthesis (5.79 µg cm-2 s-1 and 66.21%, respectively). RWC was significantly the highest by foliar boron (79.4%) at tillering stage under drought. Meanwhile, total chlorophyll content by SPAD was significantly the highest by combined boron and magnesium (46.8) during anthesis stage under drought. In general, the results indicated that var. Maru 1 had significantly higher grain yield (20.1 g/ plant) than var. Hourani (12.1 g/plant) may be due to differences in genetic makeup. Foliar application by combined boron and magnesium significantly increased wheat varieties' grain weight at tillering (18.2 g/plant) and anthesis (8.7 g/ plant) drought when compared with controls at either tillering (13.7 g/plant) or anthesis (5.5 g/plant) drought. However, foliar application did not significantly improve the grain weight under well-watered conditions. Our findings showed that the foliar application is more important at antheis drought than at tillering for increasing grain yield of wheat by improving of some physiological parameters.