Avaldamisel

Selle kollektsiooni püsiv URIhttp://hdl.handle.net/10492/3352

Sirvi

Nüüd näidatakse 1 - 20 46

Molecular characterization of new causative agents of root rot of wheat in Morocco
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Khalifi, H.; Bentata, F.; Bouarda, J.; El Aissami, A.; Niya, I.; Kahama Issa, A.; Maafa, I.; Hammoumi, S.; Karim, S.; Ibriz, M.; Amrani Joutei, K.; Brhadda, N.; Ziri, R.; Labhilili, M.
Most of the world's cereal-growing regions are severely constrained by root rots, crown rot and head blight brought on by Fusarium spp. In Morocco, yield losses due to root rots are not negligible and range from 12 to 14%. For this study, wheat root rot was surveyed in wheat fields from 2014 to 2019 in different regions of Morocco. Diseased plants are less vigorous, show progressive rotting of the root system and produce white or discolored heads containing stunted seeds. Therefore, the improvement of national production goes through the study of this disease on a deep level. To do this, 75 samples have been collected for the morphological study, which made it possible to identify the genus Fusarium present in the roots and the crown of the infected plant, and the molecular study made it possible to characterize the Fusarium species that are present in Moroccan wheat fields. Molecular identification revealed the presence of five Fusarium species, namely: Fusarium culmorum, which is noted as the dominant species in Morocco with a relative frequency of 21%, F. graminearum, F. equiseti, F. avenaccum and finally F. sambucinum, which represented a high rate in the Gharb region.
An optimization model for evaluating the economic effect of foliar treatment with biostimulants on spring rape
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Sarov, A.; Kostenarov, K.; Tzvetanova, E.
The aim of the study is to evaluate the economic effect of foliar treatment with biostimulants: chitosan, vermicompost and vermicompost + nature-identical growth regulator on organic production of spring rape on organic production of spring rape. Two-years field trials were conducted using a block method with foliar treatment in 2 phenological phases (in rosette and flowering phase). The biological response of the culture at different doses of the biostimulators was investigated. The obtained primary results were used as input data for the construction of an economic-mathematical model for economic evaluation The treatment of spring rape with biostimulators has a positive effect on the yield of the crop. After that, a specific agricultural holding in the region is selected, which will serve as a model on which to construct the optimization model for evaluating the economic efficiency. In this farm, along with the intended crops in the production structure, spring canola is added - controls and treated with BS. The results are optimal after using chitosan in a dose of 500 mL daa-1. The results of this research show the economic benefits of using biostimulants, which are extremely important for farmers. They are an alternative to the requirements of the European Union's Green Deal At the heart of the Green Deal is the Farm to Fork (F2F) and the ‘Biodiversity Strategy’ (BS) strategy, which was launched by the European Commission in May 2020 to achieve a fair, healthy and sustainable food system by 2030. Under the F2F strategy, there is a need to reduce reliance on pesticides and antimicrobials, reducing excess fertilization, increasing areas for organic farming, improving animal welfare and reducing biodiversity loss. With the announcement of the goals and intentions of the Green Deal and its manifestations in agriculture, preparations also began for preliminary assessments of the consequences and impact that it will have on the entire food chain and for its transposition into the Common Agricultural Policy. At the same time, science research on alternatives to traditional conventional technologies is increasing. The results of the studies also took into account a set of assumptions for simulations of farm incomes, production and product prices.
Intercropping insect repellent plants (irps): a promising strategy for sustainable pest management
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Gunaeni, N.; Setiawati, W.; Muharam, A.; Karjadi, A.K.; Murtiningsih, R.; Moekasan, T.K.; Korlina, E.; Hasyim, A.; Saadah, I.R.; Sulastrini, I.; Diningsih, E.; Udiarto, B.K.
In current intensive crop production, the utilization of natural biological control in pest management is not fully maximized, resulting in a significant dependency on the application of insecticides. Insect-repellent plants (IRPs) have become a prominent subject of research and a widely implemented strategy for reducing both pest damage and reliance on chemical insecticides. In this study, intercropping three IRP species, coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.; Apiaceae), celery (Apium graveolens L.; Apiaceae), and bunching onion (Allium fistulosum l.; Amaryllidaceae), in two intercropping systems were assessed for controlling insect pests in chilli pepper. The research was carried out in the experimental field of the Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute (IVegRI) in 2022. The results revealed that intercropping systems of chilli pepper with coriander, celery, and bunching onion significantly reduced plant damage over sole crops. Among the various intercrop combinations, chili pepper intercropped with coriander resulted in the lowest damage of three major pest species on chili pepper, Thrips parvispinus (51.77%), Helicoverpa armigera (47.67%), and Bactrocera dorsalis (40.35%). Furthermore, this effect enhanced the productivity of chili pepper yield (43.27%).
Partial factor productivity of applied nutrients in tribenuronmethyl resistant sunflower hybrids
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Kirchev, H.; Kostadinova, S.; Garapova, A.
The experiment was conducted at the experimental field of Agricultural University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria. In a field trial with two levels of fertilization, five sunflower hybrids were studied. Trials were set up using the method of split-plot design after predecessor triticale. Partial factor productivity of applied nutrient at sunflower was calculated in terms of seed and oil yield such as the ratio of seed or oil yield to the input nutrient. For all studied sunflower hybrids no significant genotypic response was found in terms of the partial productivity of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for seed or oil yield. Results indicate that the seed and oil yield of sunflowers obtained per kilogram of applied nutrients decrease with increasing fertilization levels. The results indicate a tendency for increased partial productivity of nutrients for seed and oil yield in hybrid LG 59.580 SX. In the increased fertilization, a trend was observed indicating hybrid P64LE25 with efficient use of the three nutrients for the formation of oil yield. The level of fertilization demonstrated a significant effect on the productivity of the sunflower, as well as on the partial productivity of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for the yields of seeds and oil. In contrast to the productivity, the partial productivity of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium individually and their sum decreases with an increase in the level of fertilization or, per unit of applied nutrient, sunflower forms less seeds and oil. The present study indicated the highest values of the partial productivity of potassium at both fertilization rates.
The effect of storage conditions and packing materials on the quality properties of chicken eggs
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Kryeziu, A.J.; Ramadani, Xh.; Hajra, L.; Kamberi, M.; Zogaj, M.
This study investigated how storing eggs in different packaging (unpackaged eggs-control, cardboard, styrofoam, plastic) and temperatures (4–6, 20–22 °C) for 28 days affects their quality. Eight eggs were analysed on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 for each treatment. Storage temperature–ST, packaging material–PM, storage duration–SD, and their interaction encouraged egg weight loss–EWL (P ˂ 0.05). The interaction of the three factors showed no significant difference in the EWL. Storage temperature significantly influenced (P ˂ 0.05), eggshell thickness–EST, albumen index–AI, albumen pH–ApH, Haugh unit–HU, yolk height–YH, and yolk index– YI. Some parameters like egg weight–EW g, shape index–SI and albumen weight–AW g, changed significantly (P ˂ 0.05) according to storage in different PM. The SI, eggshell weight–ESW g, EST, eggshell index–ESI, albumen ratio–AR, AI, ApH, HU, yolk weight–YW, yolk height–YH, YI, yolk colour–YC, and yolk:albumen–Y:A ratio changed during storage. The ST×SD was significant for EW, ESW g, EST, AW g, albumen ratio–AR, AI, ApH, HU, YW g, YH, and YI (P ˂ 0.05). As a result of the PM×SD interaction, significant differences (P ˂ 0.05) were observed in EW g ESW g, EST, AW g, and YI. A significant interaction effect of ST×PM×SD was found on AI, YH, and yolk pH–YpH (P ˂ 0.05). The purpose of this research is to give an overview of the storage conditions in order to have good quality eggs.
Effect of genotype x external environment interaction on the number of the kernel per ear of barley
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Radic, V.; Komljenovic, I.; Nastic, S.; Petkovic, B.
Genotype, external environment and their mutual interaction are determining or limiting a yield and barley tolerance to stressful conditions. This paper presents the results of a two-year study of nine selected genotypes at two localities. Aim of the investigation was determine which of the genotypes in the given production conditions gives the best results in the height and stability of yield. Based on the analysis of variance, Duncan 's test and interaction relations, a large variability between the examined genotypes was determined under the influence of different agroecological conditions of the locality, years of testing and their mutual interactions. All genotypes in this study achieved high yields. The highest total average yield from both localities and both years of testing was achieved by genotype 3 (8,767.99 kg ha-1), and the lowest genotype 7 (6,075.85 kg ha-1), which is significantly higher than the average yield in production in our country (3,150 kg ha-1). This showed that, with the selection of quality genotypes, the application of quality agrotechnics in appropriate agroecological conditions, a higher yield can be achieved.
Influence of abiotic and anthropogenic factors on the formation of winter wheat grain quality indicators
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Demуdov, O.A.; Kyrylenko, V.V.; Pravdziva, I.V.; Humeniuk, O.V.; Dubovyk, N.S.; Suddenko, Yu.M.; Los, R.M.; Olefirenko, B.A.; Radchenko, O.V.; Shadchyna, T.V.
The purpose of the study was to establish the influence of growing location, hydrothermal growing season conditions, variety, sowing date, and preceding crop on the formation of winter wheat grain quality indicators. The research was conducted during 2018/19–2020/21 in two locations for two sowing dates after sunflower and soybean as the preceding crops. Four varieties of winter bread wheat were evaluated according to grain, flour, dough, and bread quality indicators. A higher variability of winter wheat grain quality indicators was noted between the years of the study in the conditions of the central part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine (Location 1) (CV = 2.7–32.6%) compared to the conditions of the northeastern part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine (Location 2) (CV = 1.9–18.0%). The determining influence of the variety on test weight (38.32%), volume of bread (30.22%), wet gluten content (25.65%), protein content (18.55%), porosity of bread crumb (18.17%), and sedimentation value (15.02%) was established. The most influence of the growing location on deformation energy (37.43%) and dough tenacity (35.29%) was revealed The decisive influence of the interaction year × location on 1,000 kernel weight (21.30%) was established. To obtain higher flour-milling properties, winter wheat varieties are recommended to be sown in the third decade of September after sunflower, and to obtain higher baking properties - in the first decade of October after soybeans. By sowing the varieties Podolianka and MIP Yuvileina, it is possible to obtain grain with high flour-milling and bread-making properties, that is, grain balanced in terms of quality.
Assessment of the Resilience of the Organic Food System
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Aleksejeva, L.; Zihare, L.; Pelse, M.
The organic food system is a component of sustainable food systems, which contributes to achieving the goals of the Farm to Fork strategy. The current statistical data reveal the first indications of failing to achieve strategic goal 9 of the CAP Strategic Plan for 2023–2027 and the goal of the Farm to Fork strategy in Latvia. This creates a need for a comprehensive assessment of the organic food system. The present research aims to identify the need to increase the resilience of the organic food system in Latvia. One of the decision analysis methods - SWOT analysis - was employed to comprehensively assess the organic food system. It was concluded that in order to increase the resilience of the organic food system in Latvia, it is primarily necessary to stimulate the demand for organic food by the public catering industry through GPP (green public procurement) procedures. An equally important need is to stimulate the supply of organic food (to contribute to both the transition to organic farming and the resilience of current economic operators in the organic farming scheme, as well as to foster organic processing). To mitigate the threats, policy makers need to review support rates applicable to organic farming, as well as promote knowledge transfer between all food supply chain actors.
GIS-based analytic hierarchy process model for a forest residuals biorefinery site selection
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Pedro, N.; Quinta-Nova, L.
In general terms, renewable energy sources are characterized by their decentralized availability, ability to quickly self-regenerate, and the reduced environmental impacts resulting from their use. The conversion of forest biomass into energy will make it possible to transform waste into raw material for the energy industry while promoting forest management. Reducing the forest's fuel load will be responsible for reducing the intensity of forest fires. In this context, biorefineries significantly prevent rural fire risks by addressing two important aspects: fuel management and renewable energy generation. based on these premises, this study aims to assess the potential for implementing a biorefinery in the Centro Interior region. The amounts of available residual biomass were calculated based on data from the national forest inventory, carried out in 2015.For the municipalities with higher residual biomass production, a decision support system based on GIS and Multicriteria Decision-making was used to select sites suitable for locating a forest biorefinery and provides a valuable reference for decision-makers. The combination of MCDM and GIS methods can, therefore, be seen as a powerful tool for solving power planning problems. The most relevant areas, in terms of land occupation of the three forest species considered, are mainly found in the south of the region under study. The area under study has the potential to generate an annual flow of residual biomass of 269,024 tons per year, with maritime pine harvesting accounting for 80% of this flow. However, around 88,193 tons of the annual flow of residual biomass (33%) are found in regions that are difficult to access, and the costs may make exploration unviable in economic terms. According to the study carried out, we consider that the implementation of the biorefinery will be located in the industrial area of the municipality of Oleiros.
Potential of oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus l. var. oleiformis Pers.) as a multi-service cover crop (MSCC)
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Tsytsiura, Y.
The possibility of oilseed radish use as multi-service cover crop (MSCC) during the ten-year period for spring and summer sowing was investigated. A comprehensive approach to assessing the formation of aboveground and root biomass by biochemical analysis with a comprehensive assessment of the factors that determine the quality, manufacturability and agricultural value of the crop was methodically applied. The actual agricultural value from the point of view of the possible use of oilseed radish as a cover, intermediate, green manure, fodder crop and an additional source for biogas production was analyzed. A multi-year data set based on 8 indicators of the formed plant mass, 17 basic indicators of biochemical composition, and 12 derived indicators of ratios and accumulation was formed. Based on the criterion evaluation and comparison of the long-term data set with similar indicators for cruciferous species used as a multi-service cover crop, oilseed radish was classified as a crop with high adaptive bioorganic potential. This was confirmed by the application of the Multi-criteria decision aiding (MCDA) method. The use of this method proved the possibility of multi-purpose use of oilseed radish as a multi-service cover crop on soils with medium fertility potential for unstable moisture conditions. The order of increasing importance of the direction of critical use of oilseed radish in the spring sowing period was: ‘Catch crop’ (Consistency index 0.188) - ‘Biogas’ (0.226) - ‘Fodder’ (0.370) - ‘Green manure’ (0.340) - ‘Cover crop’ (0.431). A similar order for the summer sowing period was: ‘Cover crop’ (0.244) - ‘Catch crop’ (0.305) - ‘Biogas’ (0.357) - ‘Fodder’ (0.407) - ‘Green manure’ (0.415).
Metabolite profiling, terpenoid and kaurenoic acid production of Adenostemma platyphyllum at different concentrations of hydroponic solutions in the wick system
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Tamsin, A.H.N.; Nurfalah, R.; Trivadila; Batubara, I.; Rafi, M.; Ridwan, T.; Aziz, S.A.; Takemori, H.
Adenostemma platyphyllum, a medicinal plant belonging to the Asteraceae family, has gained increasing attention due to its potential as a source of bioactive compounds with diverse therapeutic properties but has not been widely cultivated. This work aims to obtain the optimum concentration of AB-mix solution to produce higher terpenoid and kaurenoic acid, as well as metabolite profiling in cultivating A. platyphyllum using a hydroponic wick system. This research uses a one-factor randomized block design of different concentrations of AB-mix nutrient solutions. Total terpenoids were quantified using the UV-Vis spectrophotometric method, total kaurenoic acid was determined using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method, and the metabolite profiling was analyzed using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) instrument. Several terpenoid compounds have been identified in A. platyphyllum, including Ent-17-Oxo-15-kauren-19-oic acid, andrographolide, cafestol, alphaFarnesene, curcumene, as well as ent-11α-hydroxy-15-oxo-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (11αOH-KA) and 11α,15-dihydroxy-16-kauren-19-oic acid (11α,15OH-KA), which belong to the kaurenoic acid group. The plants had the highest total terpenoid and kaurenoic acid found in 1,300 mg L-1 nutrient concentrations. On the other hand, the highest terpenoid and kaurenoic acid productivity were found in plants with 900 and 1,300 mg L-1 AB-mix solution, respectively. Therefore, the optimum concentration of nutrient solution to produce optimum terpenoid and kaurenoic acid levels in A. platyphyllum cultivation by hydroponic wick system was 1,300 mg L-1.
Study of heat exchange processes in the cooling system of a poultry house with side ventilation
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Trokhaniak, V.; Nasieka, Y.; Ihnatiev, Ye.; Synyavskiy, O.; Skliar, O.; Olt, Jüri; Estonian University of Life Sciences. Institute of Forestry and Engineering
Modern systems for cooling the supply air in poultry houses are based on the use of spraying or evaporative systems. Both systems rely on the principle of adiabatic cooling, where water transitions from a liquid to a gaseous state through free evaporation, allowing for the reduction of the temperature of the external heated air in poultry premises. The objective of the research study was development of theoretical basis for using new method of cooling the outside air in poultry house ventilation systems is proposed, based on the use of water from underground wells and recuperative heat exchangers to cool the supply air. This method enables the reduction of the outside air temperature without increasing its relative humidity, unlike water spraying cooling systems, for example. Numerical modeling was conducted to obtain velocity fields, temperatures, and pressure differentials in the air environment of the poultry house. The results show that the air temperature exiting the heat exchangers at 20 °C is heated up to 26.6 °C inside the poultry house. Thus, the temperature of the supply air with this cooling system does not exceed permissible norms. The velocities and pressure differentials are sufficient to ensure that the air exiting the supply valves reaches the middle of the poultry house.
Structural-aggregate condition and utilization of productive water reserve depending on the tillage method of podzolized chernozem in agrocenosis
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Bulgakov, V.; Gadzalo, I.; Chernovol, M.; Demydenko, O.; Holovach, I.; Ihnatiev, Ye.; Trokhaniak, O.; Mitkov, V.; Olt, Jüri; Estonian University of Life Sciences. Institute of Forestry and Engineering
The work established the features of formation of the structural-aggregate condition and determine the main patterns of the formation of spring productive water reserves and its consumption in a five-field crop rotation when cultivating winter wheat and spring cereal crops using different tillage methods (plowing, systematic surface tillage, No-till systems based on plowing and systematic surface tillage) of podzolized chernozem (black soil) in the conditions of the central part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Common research methods were applied: field, laboratory, mathematical, and comparative-computational. Analysis of the results showed that during surface treatment, water-resistant aggregates are enlarged into the most valuable fraction, which affects the more rational use of productive water reserves during the growth of crops in crop rotation. Under the No-till system (in years 2–3), there is an accumulation of productive moisture in the soil layer of 0–1 m by 8–12 mm more compared to conventional tillage, and relative to the water reserves in 2022, the water reserve in 2023 increased by +19.0 mm (after conventional tillage) and by +14.0 mm (under surface tillage). Under the no-till system, in June and July, the average productive water reserve for the years 2022–2023 was higher compared to conventional tillage by 5–10 mm and 7–10 mm, respectively, and compared to surface tillage by 10–12 mm and 18–21 mm, respectively. In 2023, the productive water reserve in July under the No-till system exceeded that under conventional tillage by 17 mm, and compared to surface tillage by 31 mm. This improvement in soil structure water resistance in June and July was due to the increase in the content of water-stable aggregates sized 3–0.5 mm.
Efficient maize cultivation: pre-sowing seed inoculation system - optimal nozzle pressure and diameter
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Shelest, M.S.; Shuliak, M.L.; Butenko, A.O.; Bakumenko, O.M.; Zubko, V.M.; Datsko, O.M.; Masyk, I.M.; Yatsenko, V.M.; Sirovitskiy, K.H.; Rieznik, S.V.
Inoculation, as a technological operation, is currently underestimated, yet it has repeatedly proven its effectiveness. Its application in production or scientific research typically leads to improvements in yield, grain quality, or plant biometric parameters under study. However, the inoculation process itself is not standardized by any legislative act, so farmers rely solely on recommendations from manufacturers of inoculants and carry out this operation using, so to say, makeshift means. Therefore, a system of at-planting inoculation has been developed, which involves conducting this operation directly in the field. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the parameters of pressure and nozzle diameter that would provide the optimal amount of inoculant on the seeds and would be as close as possible to the manufacturer's recommendations. To conduct the study, a system model was created in which nozzles with diameters of 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 mm were investigated under pressures of 3, 4, 5 and 6 atm. The optimal amount of working solution per 1 ton of seeds was calculated for conducting the operation in the usual way, and the amount of liquid reaching 1,000 maize seeds was determined. Thus, the optimal pressure and nozzle diameter were identified. With a pressure of 3 atm in the system, none of the nozzles provide the required amount of working fluid. A similar situation occurs with a nozzle diameter of 0.2 mm. However, at higher pressure in the system and with other nozzle diameters, it is still possible to provide the necessary amount of liquid. Therefore, for the at-planting inoculation system, it is advisable to use a pressure of 4 atm and a nozzle diameter of 0.4 mm.
Assessment of salt resistance of some potato varieties by biochemical and RFLP markers
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Badalyan, M.V.; Aloyan, T.V.; Dilanyan, V.T.; Kharatyan, S.A.; Martirosyan, H.S.; Sahakyan, A.J.; Sahakyan, N.A.; Melikyan, A.Sh.
Continuous changes in climate, desertification, reduction of arable land, increase in salted land, in the conditions of continuous growth of the population, the problem of providing food and food security to humanity arises, the solution of which is one of the challenges of the 21st century that requires universal efforts. At the same time, abiotic stresses, which are the cause of 50% of global yield losses, are the motivation for the creation of new stress-resistant varieties of crops using modern technologies. The salt resistance of that idea as a physiological manifestation with a polygenic component is characteristic in the modern processes of selection management. This work presents studies of salt tolerance of three valuable varieties of potatoes cultivated in Armenia, using biochemical and DNA-markers. Classical agronomic, molecular-biological, genetic-mathematical methods are used in the researches. In order to induce salt stress and provocation background in plants, 50, 100 and 150 mmol solutions of NaCl were used. The results have shown that 11S-globulin of all varieties are polymorphic, forming different electrophoresis spectra and protein formulas. It is also evident that plants with different spectra of the same varieties react differently to salt stress. The DNA restriction regions of the saltresistant variants are significantly longer than those of the non-salt-resistant forms. Thanks to the biochemical and RFLP markers, it has been possible to establish salt tolerance loci, to identify and list plants with a salt-tolerant spectrum of the same variety, which can be nominated as new salt-tolerant varieties for breeding stock producers.
Management alternatives for sandy soils to overcome edaphic limitations in irrigated okra cultivation
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Rodrigues, N.F.; Tavares, S.R.L.; Silva, F.C.; Hüther, C.M.; Corrêa, G.M.; Oliveira, J.R.; Hamacher, L.S.; Clemente, E.P.
Sandy soils are often unsuitable for agriculture due to their poor physical and chemical properties. However, using conditioners can improve these parameters, making these soils viable for cultivation. This study evaluated Red-Yellow Argisol (Clay), Biochar, and Ceramic residues as soil conditioners for Planosol. The experiments were conducted in pots in a greenhouse and the experimental design was completely randomized with three treatments and five replications, compared to a control (100% P). Treatments included Clay (50% P + 570.6 t ha-1 A), Biochar (50% P + 189.9 t ha-1 B), and Ceramic (50% P + 459.9 t ha-1 C). Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) was used to assess the impact on development and productivity over 90 days from transplanting (DAT). Granulometry of conditioners, and the carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and ash content were analyzed. For constructed soils, granulometry, bulk density, particle density, and water retention capacity (CRA) were measured before planting. Chemical parameters, including Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺, Na⁺, Al³⁺, H⁺, pH, and others, were measured at 0 and 90 DAT. Okra growth parameters, such as height, stem diameter, leaf number, leaf area, stomatal conductance, and chlorophyll a fluorescence dry biomass and leaf nutrient contents (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na) were assessed at 90 DAT. Results indicated that conditioners improved the physical and chemical properties of the Planosol and the physiological parameters of okra. Biochar increased phosphorus and potassium, while Clay enhanced nitrogen and sodium for okra cultivation.
Analysis of the relationship between the weather index of fire danger and occurrences of rural fires. Case study: centro region of Portugal
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Fernandez, P.; Bugalho, L.; Pedro, N.
The aim of this study was to design an approach for establishing a plausible relationship between FWI and the monthly average burned area (ABA) and the average number of ignitions (ANI) supported by geographic information systems (GIS). The application of these results will allow the projection of burned areas in forest fires in the future, making mitigation actions possible. This approach was applied to the region of Central Portugal, and to achieve the aims of the study, the following steps were completed: (1) geoprocessing the spatial data of the daily FWI indices, burned area and number of fire ignitions and (2) developing statistical regression models capable of reproducing the variability in burned area and ignition occurrence series from FWI data during the 2001–2017 period. The predicted equations for the burned area as a function of the FWI presented high coefficients of determination for most of the considered periods, thus allowing the projection, with a high degree of confidence, of the monthly burned area values according to the various future climate scenarios. The prediction of the average number of ignitions from the FWI values class proved to be effective for establishing highly adjusted forecast models for July and August. In the spatial analysis at the district level, the ABA and ANI estimation equations were obtained from the FWI values with determination coefficients above 0.90 for most of the districts. Significant differences were observed between the districts in the number of ignitions analysed.
MSTN gene polymorphisms are associated with the feed efficiency of fattened lambs in Latvian sheep breeds
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Trapina, I.; Plavina, S.; Krasņevska, N.; Paramonovs, J.; Kairisa, D.; Paramonova, N.
The economic benefit for sheep farmers depends on the level of feed efficiency of the lambs raised. Promoting breed selection for feed efficiency could provide sheep farmers with higher quality and more economically profitable lambs. In livestock production, marker-assisted selection employs genetic biomarkers linked to specific traits. Myostatin (MSTN), a vital transforming growth factor-beta superfamily member, is pivotal in regulating myogenesis and negatively impacts mammal muscle growth and development. The study aims to find molecular markers related to feed efficiency parameters in the MSTN gene for Latvian sheep breeds. DNA extraction was made from blood collected from 76 controlled fatten lambs, with 63.16% belonging to the Latvian Dark-head (LT) breed. A complete gene sequencing analysis was conducted to identify variations in loci across different sheep breeds, aiming to discover statistically significant associations between identified polymorphisms and feed efficiency indicators. Polymorphic variants were identified in 23 loci of the MSTN gene among Latvian lambs, with the discovery of a novel SNP. Notably, SNP rs404916326 T>A exhibited statistically significant associations with indicators such as Residual feed intake, Residual intake, and body weight gain, specifically in the LT breed. Furthermore, SNP rs408469734 G>A showed associations with relative growth rate and Kleiber's ratio within the lamb group. These findings suggest that SNPs rs404916326 and rs408469734 within the MSTN gene are promising molecular markers for marker-assisted selection strategies in sheep breeding to improve feed efficiency indicators.
Valorization of aluminium dross for the development of al-rich product
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Srivastava, A.; Meshram, A.
In this study, aluminium dross undergoes a hydrometallurgical recycling process. Various chemical reagents are employed to treat the aluminium dross, facilitating the maximum extraction of aluminium content from the dross into leach liquor. The hydrometallurgical route ensures efficient aluminium leaching, forming a solution rich in Al, used as a precursor/raw material for valuable material generation. α-alumina is obtained by leaching dross with alkalis at 323 K for 3 h and precipitating with acids followed by a calcination process at 1,473 K for 3 h. The parameters are optimized and multiple trials are done to ensure the reproducibility of the results. Morphological and topographical studies of the synthesized products are done by XRD and SEM-EDS characterizations. TGA analysis of the samples were also conducted. This work enables to recycling of aluminium dross and converts it into a valuable product which has high demand in refractory and high-temperature applications. By converting aluminium dross into a resource with intrinsic value, this process significantly mitigates environmental impact, aligning seamlessly with the principles of a sustainable and circular economy. In doing so, it exemplifies a proactive approach towards resource conservation, waste reduction, and the responsible utilization of materials within industrial processes.
Using hyperspectral reflectance to evaluate the impact of irrigation and fertilization on mint
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Taia, H.; Bernoussi, A.S.; Wozniak, E.; Amharref, M.; El Azizi, S.
In agriculture, water and fertilizer are two limiting elements of plant growth. Indeed, the lack or the excess of one of them disturbs the yields in terms of quality and quantity. Optimal irrigation/fertilization and precisely dosed nutrient supply allow fast-growing plants to reach their full potential, offering much larger and better quality yields. To monitor agricultural crop characteristics, Hyperspectral remote sensing provides an opportunity for an efficient nondestructive method. In this paper, we present a method for smart management of water irrigation and fertilizer using remote sensing. For this purpose, a protocol has been developed to detect the effects of nitrogen nutriments and water supply on potted mint by using UV-PIR field spectroscopy. Results suggest hyperspectral remote sensing has great promise to perfect smart agriculture. In fact, with this method, the effect of nutriments and water supply have been clearly detected.

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