2024, Vol. 22, No. 3

Selle kollektsiooni püsiv URIhttp://hdl.handle.net/10492/9520

Sirvi

Nüüd näidatakse 1 - 20 23

Study of the influence of different organic fertilizers on soil agrochemical parameters in hazelnut plantations in Ukrainian Southern Steppe
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Nikipelova, O.; Pyliak, N.; Yarochevsky, V.; Rucins, A.; Bulgakov, V.
The effect of different origin organic fertilizers on agrochemical indicators of typical medium-humic chernozem in hazelnut plantings in the conditions of Ukrainian Southern Steppe was studied. There were used cattle manure, chicken droppings, Biofertilizer No. 1 (the combination of sewage sludge, winter wheat straw, phosphate-mobilizing bacteria Microbacterium barkeri), Biofertilizer No. 2 (the combination of sewage sludge, sunflower seed husks, phosphate-mobilizing bacteria Microbacterium barkeri), and native sewage sludge in the study. It was found that different origin organic fertilizers effected on the main agrochemical soil indicators increasing. The content of easy hydrolyzable nitrogen in soil increased from 84.0 mg kg-1 in control up to 98.0 mg kg-1 in the tests, mobile phosphorus - consequently from 138.75 mg kg-1 in control to 306.30 mg kg-1 in the tests, and potassium from 108.40 mg kg-1 in control to 166.90 mg kg-1. In addition, the organic matter content increasing from 3.76% (control) to 4.18% (tests) in the soil was detected. The express biosensor analysis of the fertilized soil showed a variation of the average ecotoxicity indicator from 0.92 to 1.41 which could be classified as a “low” common pollution level. It also detected an elevated zinc content in soil samples fertilized by Biofertilizer No. 1 and native sewage sludge. It proves that organic fertilizers based on sewage sludge applying can allow for overcoming the zinc deficit in Ukrainian soils. The advantages of Biofertilizers No. 1 and No. 2 were identified in respect to other studied organic fertilizers. New biofertilizers using allows soil nutrient content increasing, soil biological activity enhancement, which resulting in improvement in crop yield, and environmental enhancement.
Analysis of effective sunflower cultivation zones using the example of Ukraine
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Vasylkovska, K.; Andriienko, O.; Malakhovska, V.; Vasylkovskyi, O.; Andriienko, A.; Shepilova, T.
The article provides a comparative analysis of the area of sunflower cultivation from 2000 to 2023 broken down by regions of Ukraine for two conditional periods of 2000–2010 and 2011–2021, and 2022–2023 war years. Thus, during the period under research the average area of sunflower seed cultivation increased from 2.84 million ha in 2000 to 6.66 million ha in 2021 i.e. by 2.34 times. The increase of these areas occurred due to the reduction of the area allocated for the cultivation of other crop rotations. During the first conditional period (2000–2010) Dnipropetrovsk and Zaporizhzhia regions which geographically belong to the steppe zone of Ukraine became the leaders with an area of sunflower cultivation of more than 500,000 ha (on average 469.8 and 487.8 thousand ha of sunflower). During the second conditional period (2011–2021) Dnipropetrovsk and Zaporizhzhia regions maintained their leadership (573.5 and 564.7 thousand ha). The zone of effective sunflower cultivation has expanded due to the expansion of cultivated areas in Kirovohrad region (550.6 thousand ha) which is situated on the border of the northern part of steppe and forest steppe. The occupation of a part of Ukraine pushed back Zaporizhzhia region from leading positions in sunflower cultivation while Dnipropetrovsk and Kirovohrad regions had more than 600,000 ha in 2022–2023. The further increase of cultivation areas at the expense of other crops contradicts the laws of agriculture and the zonal recommendations of scientific institutions. Therefore, an increase in the gross harvest of sunflower seeds is possible only due to the improvement and adaptation of cultivation technology, a balanced selection of sunflower hybrids better adapted to climate changes.
Influence of budding height and method on bi-axis young apple trees (cv. ‘Florina’)
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Polunina, O.; Мaiboroda, V.; Chaploutskyi, A.; Bechko, Ya.
The article presents the results of the research on the influence of budding height and the method of bi-axis formation on quality indicators of young bi-axis apple trees of ‘Florina’ cultivar on B.118 rootstock in conditions of fruit trees nursery of educational and production department of Uman NUH. Budding with chip was made at the period of late July and early August at a height of 10 and 20 cm (the control). The formation of two axes was made with the help of budding in two ways: budding with one bud with pinching of a shoot at a height of 10 cm (the control); budding with one bud with pinching of a shoot at a height of 20 cm, budding with two buds that are opposite set, and budding with two buds that are alternate set and have a shift on a rootstock axis up to 5 cm due to each other. The maximum trunk diameter was observed in young bi-axis apple trees that have alternate and opposite ways of budding with the help of two buds at a height of 10 cm above ground level. The reduction of the budding height up to 10 cm above ground level did not affect the height of the young bi-axis apple trees, though it had a significant effect on axis elongation. It was defined that one-dimensional formation of both axes occurred with the even distribution of length and number of branches on each were observed on young apple trees that had opposite budding with two buds at the above ground level height of 10 cm. The largest number of differentiated generative buds was observed on young trees that had opposite budding with two buds at the above ground level height of 10 and 20 cm.
Can intercropping alter cereal grains dietary fiber composition?
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Khaleghdoust, Banafsheh; Alaru, Maarika; Korge, Mailiis; Esmaeilzadeh Salestani, Keyvan; Loit-Harro, Evelin; Estonian University of Life Sciences. Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences. Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology
Barley and oats are essential cereal grains that contribute to satisfying the consumer's need for dietary fibers, namely arabinoxylans (AX) and beta-glucans (BG). Due to the increasing popularity of intercropping as an environmentally friendly and low-cost approach to sustainable intensification of agriculture and crop production, it is important to understand the relationship between mixed cropping on cereal grains' dietary fiber content. Therefore, the effect of intercropping barley and oat with vetch and field pea was studied compared to pure sown barley and oat on grain AX and BG content in two successive years (2022‒2023). Our result showed that oat had consistently higher AX content while barley demonstrated greater BG content. Intercropping had an influence only on barley grains' BG content, but contrary to our hypothesis, intercropping with vetch decreased the overall concentration of BG when compared to barley pure stand, as vetch was a too competitive partner. We found that grain quality parameters, such as thousand kernel weight and test weight, were positively associated with higher BG content in barley grains. Over a two-year period, weather conditions had an impact only on BG content in intercropped treatments. Increased precipitation decreased BG content in oat and barley in 2022 compared to 2023. Both grains AX content was not affected by intercropping or annual growing conditions.
Partial factor productivity of applied nutrients in tribenuron-methyl resistant sunflower hybrids
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Kirchev, H.; Kostadinova, S.; Garapova, A.
The experiment was conducted at the experimental field of Agricultural University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria. In a field trial with two levels of fertilization, five sunflower hybrids were studied. Trials were set up using the method of split-plot design after predecessor triticale. Partial factor productivity of applied nutrient at sunflower was calculated in terms of seed and oil yield such as the ratio of seed or oil yield to the input nutrient. For all studied sunflower hybrids no significant genotypic response was found in terms of the partial productivity of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for seed or oil yield. Results indicate that the seed and oil yield of sunflowers obtained per kilogram of applied nutrients decrease with increasing fertilization levels. The results indicate a tendency for increased partial productivity of nutrients for seed and oil yield in hybrid LG 59.580 SX. In the increased fertilization, a trend was observed indicating hybrid P64LE25 with efficient use of the three nutrients for the formation of oil yield. The level of fertilization demonstrated a significant effect on the productivity of the sunflower, as well as on the partial productivity of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for the yields of seeds and oil. In contrast to the productivity, the partial productivity of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium individually and their sum decreases with an increase in the level of fertilization or, per unit of applied nutrient, sunflower forms less seeds and oil. The present study indicated the highest values of the partial productivity of potassium at both fertilization rates.
Influence of abiotic and anthropogenic factors on the formation of winter wheat grain quality indicators
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Demуdov, O.A.; Kyrylenko, V.V.; Pravdziva, I.V.; Humeniuk, O.V.; Dubovyk, N.S.; Suddenko, Yu.M.; Los, R.M.; Olefirenko, B.A.; Radchenko, O.V.; Shadchyna, T.V.
The purpose of the study was to establish the influence of growing location, hydrothermal growing season conditions, variety, sowing date, and preceding crop on the formation of winter wheat grain quality indicators. The research was conducted during 2018/19–2020/21 in two locations for two sowing dates after sunflower and soybean as the preceding crops. Four varieties of winter bread wheat were evaluated according to grain, flour, dough, and bread quality indicators. A higher variability of winter wheat grain quality indicators was noted between the years of the study in the conditions of the central part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine (Location 1) (CV = 2.7–32.6%) compared to the conditions of the northeastern part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine (Location 2) (CV = 1.9–18.0%). The determining influence of the variety on test weight (38.32%), volume of bread (30.22%), wet gluten content (25.65%), protein content (18.55%), porosity of bread crumb (18.17%), and sedimentation value (15.02%) was established. The most influence of the growing location on deformation energy (37.43%) and dough tenacity (35.29%) was revealed The decisive influence of the interaction year × location on 1,000 kernel weight (21.30%) was established. To obtain higher flour-milling properties, winter wheat varieties are recommended to be sown in the third decade of September after sunflower, and to obtain higher baking properties - in the first decade of October after soybeans. By sowing the varieties Podolianka and MIP Yuvileina, it is possible to obtain grain with high flour-milling and bread-making properties, that is, grain balanced in terms of quality.
Assessment of the Resilience of the Organic Food System
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Aleksejeva, L.; Zihare, L.; Pelse, M.
The organic food system is a component of sustainable food systems, which contributes to achieving the goals of the Farm to Fork strategy. The current statistical data reveal the first indications of failing to achieve strategic goal 9 of the CAP Strategic Plan for 2023–2027 and the goal of the Farm to Fork strategy in Latvia. This creates a need for a comprehensive assessment of the organic food system. The present research aims to identify the need to increase the resilience of the organic food system in Latvia. One of the decision analysis methods - SWOT analysis - was employed to comprehensively assess the organic food system. It was concluded that in order to increase the resilience of the organic food system in Latvia, it is primarily necessary to stimulate the demand for organic food by the public catering industry through GPP (green public procurement) procedures. An equally important need is to stimulate the supply of organic food (to contribute to both the transition to organic farming and the resilience of current economic operators in the organic farming scheme, as well as to foster organic processing). To mitigate the threats, policy makers need to review support rates applicable to organic farming, as well as promote knowledge transfer between all food supply chain actors.
GIS-based analytic hierarchy process model for a forest residuals biorefinery site selection
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Pedro, N.; Quinta-Nova, L.
In general terms, renewable energy sources are characterized by their decentralized availability, ability to quickly self-regenerate, and the reduced environmental impacts resulting from their use. The conversion of forest biomass into energy will make it possible to transform waste into raw material for the energy industry while promoting forest management. Reducing the forest's fuel load will be responsible for reducing the intensity of forest fires. In this context, biorefineries significantly prevent rural fire risks by addressing two important aspects: fuel management and renewable energy generation. based on these premises, this study aims to assess the potential for implementing a biorefinery in the Centro Interior region. The amounts of available residual biomass were calculated based on data from the national forest inventory, carried out in 2015.For the municipalities with higher residual biomass production, a decision support system based on GIS and Multicriteria Decision-making was used to select sites suitable for locating a forest biorefinery and provides a valuable reference for decision-makers. The combination of MCDM and GIS methods can, therefore, be seen as a powerful tool for solving power planning problems. The most relevant areas, in terms of land occupation of the three forest species considered, are mainly found in the south of the region under study. The area under study has the potential to generate an annual flow of residual biomass of 269,024 tons per year, with maritime pine harvesting accounting for 80% of this flow. However, around 88,193 tons of the annual flow of residual biomass (33%) are found in regions that are difficult to access, and the costs may make exploration unviable in economic terms. According to the study carried out, we consider that the implementation of the biorefinery will be located in the industrial area of the municipality of Oleiros.
Analysis of the relationship between the weather index of fire danger and occurrences of rural fires. Case study: centro region of Portugal
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Fernandez, P.; Bugalho, L.; Pedro, N.
The aim of this study was to design an approach for establishing a plausible relationship between FWI and the monthly average burned area (ABA) and the average number of ignitions (ANI) supported by geographic information systems (GIS). The application of these results will allow the projection of burned areas in forest fires in the future, making mitigation actions possible. This approach was applied to the region of Central Portugal, and to achieve the aims of the study, the following steps were completed: (1) geoprocessing the spatial data of the daily FWI indices, burned area and number of fire ignitions and (2) developing statistical regression models capable of reproducing the variability in burned area and ignition occurrence series from FWI data during the 2001–2017 period. The predicted equations for the burned area as a function of the FWI presented high coefficients of determination for most of the considered periods, thus allowing the projection, with a high degree of confidence, of the monthly burned area values according to the various future climate scenarios. The prediction of the average number of ignitions from the FWI values class proved to be effective for establishing highly adjusted forecast models for July and August. In the spatial analysis at the district level, the ABA and ANI estimation equations were obtained from the FWI values with determination coefficients above 0.90 for most of the districts. Significant differences were observed between the districts in the number of ignitions analysed.
MSTN gene polymorphisms are associated with the feed efficiency of fattened lambs in Latvian sheep breeds
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Trapina, I.; Plavina, S.; Krasņevska, N.; Paramonovs, J.; Kairisa, D.; Paramonova, N.
The economic benefit for sheep farmers depends on the level of feed efficiency of the lambs raised. Promoting breed selection for feed efficiency could provide sheep farmers with higher quality and more economically profitable lambs. In livestock production, marker-assisted selection employs genetic biomarkers linked to specific traits. Myostatin (MSTN), a vital transforming growth factor-beta superfamily member, is pivotal in regulating myogenesis and negatively impacts mammal muscle growth and development. The study aims to find molecular markers related to feed efficiency parameters in the MSTN gene for Latvian sheep breeds. DNA extraction was made from blood collected from 76 controlled fatten lambs, with 63.16% belonging to the Latvian Dark-head (LT) breed. A complete gene sequencing analysis was conducted to identify variations in loci across different sheep breeds, aiming to discover statistically significant associations between identified polymorphisms and feed efficiency indicators. Polymorphic variants were identified in 23 loci of the MSTN gene among Latvian lambs, with the discovery of a novel SNP. Notably, SNP rs404916326 T>A exhibited statistically significant associations with indicators such as Residual feed intake, Residual intake, and body weight gain, specifically in the LT breed. Furthermore, SNP rs408469734 G>A showed associations with relative growth rate and Kleiber's ratio within the lamb group. These findings suggest that SNPs rs404916326 and rs408469734 within the MSTN gene are promising molecular markers for marker-assisted selection strategies in sheep breeding to improve feed efficiency indicators.
Valorization of aluminium dross for the development of al-rich product
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Srivastava, A.; Meshram, A.
In this study, aluminium dross undergoes a hydrometallurgical recycling process. Various chemical reagents are employed to treat the aluminium dross, facilitating the maximum extraction of aluminium content from the dross into leach liquor. The hydrometallurgical route ensures efficient aluminium leaching, forming a solution rich in Al, used as a precursor/raw material for valuable material generation. α-alumina is obtained by leaching dross with alkalis at 323 K for 3 h and precipitating with acids followed by a calcination process at 1,473 K for 3 h. The parameters are optimized and multiple trials are done to ensure the reproducibility of the results. Morphological and topographical studies of the synthesized products are done by XRD and SEM-EDS characterizations. TGA analysis of the samples were also conducted. This work enables to recycling of aluminium dross and converts it into a valuable product which has high demand in refractory and high-temperature applications. By converting aluminium dross into a resource with intrinsic value, this process significantly mitigates environmental impact, aligning seamlessly with the principles of a sustainable and circular economy. In doing so, it exemplifies a proactive approach towards resource conservation, waste reduction, and the responsible utilization of materials within industrial processes.
Using hyperspectral reflectance to evaluate the impact of irrigation and fertilization on mint
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Taia, H.; Bernoussi, A.S.; Wozniak, E.; Amharref, M.; El Azizi, S.
In agriculture, water and fertilizer are two limiting elements of plant growth. Indeed, the lack or the excess of one of them disturbs the yields in terms of quality and quantity. Optimal irrigation/fertilization and precisely dosed nutrient supply allow fast-growing plants to reach their full potential, offering much larger and better quality yields. To monitor agricultural crop characteristics, Hyperspectral remote sensing provides an opportunity for an efficient nondestructive method. In this paper, we present a method for smart management of water irrigation and fertilizer using remote sensing. For this purpose, a protocol has been developed to detect the effects of nitrogen nutriments and water supply on potted mint by using UV-PIR field spectroscopy. Results suggest hyperspectral remote sensing has great promise to perfect smart agriculture. In fact, with this method, the effect of nutriments and water supply have been clearly detected.
Organic solvent selection for delamination of end-of-life silicon photovoltaic modules based on recyclability
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Trivedi, H.K.; Meshram, A.; Gupta, R.
Photovoltaic modules (PVMs) are already accepted as renewable energy sources to fulfill future energy demand. E-waste from end-of-life (EoL) PVMs will pose significant challenges for both the recovery of valuable materials and the environmental hazards in the near future. Delamination of photovoltaic modules for recycling typically involves separating the solar cell from various layers of PVM that are; glass, encapsulant ethylene-vinyl acetate, and backsheet. The solar cell is encapsulated by ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) layers; the photovoltaic module can be delaminated by a swelling encapsulant layer using organic solvents. The recyclability of organic solvents is investigated in this work, with an emphasis on possible contamination by encapsulated EVA during EoL PVM delamination. To investigate the interactions of encapsulant EVA with solvents, it was extracted from EoL PVMs. This work investigates contamination of organic solvents in the temperature range of 25–55 °C and suggests solvent recyclability for reuse and waste reduction. Organic solvents Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra after a 24-hour encapsulant EVA interaction were compared to study organic solvent contamination. This study focused on two different types of solvents: aromatic hydrocarbons (like xylene) and chlorinated hydrocarbons (like CH2Cl2). Xylene demonstrated resistance to EVA contamination, making it a preferred organic solvent for recycling EoL PVMs.
Changes in work environment parameters in relation to the comfort and factors influencing productivity of office workers: comprehensive literature review
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Kalkis, H.; Vanadzins, I.; Kaluznaja, D.; Poznaka, A.; Elksnis, A.; Krumins, A.
The implications of indoor air quality on human health are well-documented and extensively studied in several researches, encompassing an augmented susceptibility to airborne infections and enduring consequences attributed to diverse chemical pollutants. The repercussions of insufficient air parameters within occupational environments on employee health and productivity are predominantly correlated with perceptions of comfort, satisfaction, the incidence of occupational diseases, and the concentration and decision-making levels. The aim of the study is to develop a causal model of air quality and productivity parameters, based on theoretical analysis, which can be used to assess changes in work environment parameters and their impact on the comfort and productivity of office workers. The theoretical analysis highlighted the significance of employee productivity and the growing importance of well-being in assessing workers' productivity. Factors such as temperature, humidity, airflow, and especially CO2, were identified as crucial in creating a conducive working environment that influences employee productivity. The research results in the developed indoor air quality parameter matrix as causal model and emphasises the complexity of the relationship between work environment parameters and employee productivity.
Formation of grain yield in corn hybrids of different FAO groups depending on sowing dates and plant density
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Shakalii, S.M.; Bahan, A.V.; Yurchenko, S.O.; Marenych, M.M.; Liashenko, V.V.; Chetveryk, O.O.; Shokalo, N.S.; Zubenko, V.V.
Formation of productivity of any agricultural crop depends on many factors. First of all, the soil and climatic conditions of the crop growing area, varietal or hybrid composition, seed quality, sowing dates and plant density, and strict adherence to all methods of cultivation technology are important. Corn hybrids of different maturity groups differ in morphological and biological properties. Thus, obtaining the potential yield of an individual genotype is possible under favorable conditions for the growth and development of plants, including high-variety agricultural machinery and natural conditions. The maximum yield of high-quality corn grain is formed under the condition of the optimal ratio of all structural elements: weight of 1,000 grains, number of rows of grains in an ear, number of grains in a row, number of grains on one ear, length and diameter of an ear. If one structural element is insufficiently developed, the yield can be compensated by other components. Since individual elements of the structure are formed at different stages of organogenesis, different conditions are necessary for their successful development. The hybrids used in our research revealed peculiarities in the formation of elements of the crop structure, depending on the timing of sowing and stand density. The sizes of the cobs that formed on the corn plants varied little under the influence of sowing dates and plant stand density, but were characteristic of a certain biotype. Studies have shown that all factors of the experiment affect the growth, development of plants and the formation of elements of the structure of the corn grain crop. According to the results of the measurements, it was established that the best indicators of all structural elements were observed for sowing hybrids of different maturity groups in the optimal period - the third decade of April. The highest values of all indicators were observed in the Olkani hybrid, which is explained by the genotypic features of this hybrid.
Assessment of the structural-aggregate composition of podzolized chernozem under various agrogenic impacts and post-agrogenic state
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Bulgakov, V.; Gadzalo, I.; Kropivnyi, V.; Demydenko, O.; Holovach, I.; Ihnatiev, Ye.; Trokhaniak, O.; Olt, Jüri; Estonian University of Life Sciences. Institute of Forestry and Engineering
Identify the main patterns of transformation and establish normative parameters of changes in the structural and aggregate composition of low-humus podzolized chernozem (type of soil, known as ‘chernozem’ in Ukrainian, which translates to ‘black soil’) in the Central ForestSteppe of Ukraine in the transition period to the no-till system and minimal tillage in the agrocenosis of 5-field grain generally accepted approaches to assessing soil structure and modern statistical methods of compiling information analysis data. The generally accepted research methods were used: field, laboratory, mathematical methods, comparative and computational. The study uses fractal comparative analysis, which is a sensitive tool for assessing the distribution of structural units and water-stable aggregates in the soil. Over the past 6 years, the experimental plots have been organized with a 5-field grain-row crop rotation using three different primary tillage systems: systematic plowing, surface tillage, and transitional tillage (minimal tillage on the background of systematic plowing six years ago). It was found that the structural-aggregate state of the 0–30 cm layer of Chernozem under surface tillage was in better condition in terms of aggregate water stability over the seasonal cycle and provided better conditions for further transition to the no-till system in crop rotation compared to surface tillage after systematic plowing. According to fractal indicators, the state of water-resistant structure in the spring is assessed as unstable, although the surface treatment of qualitative and quantitative indicators of water resistance is better compared to plowing. In the summer, a fractal assessment of the state of the waterproof structure showed that regardless of the method of tillage, its condition has deteriorated to a greater extent. Thus, the fractal dimension was at the level of D > 2, which indicates the edge of the unstable state of the waterproof structure, but the Hurst index was H ≤ 0, which indicates the process of destruction of waterproof aggregates. Based on the definitions, we can say that from the systematic application of surface tillage agrophysical condition of 0–30 cm layer of chernozem in terms of structural condition and water resistance of the structure was in better condition compared to plowing and transitional tillage, which should be regarded as the end of the transition period (6 years) before the application of the No-till system in unchanged design in 5-field crop rotation.
Influence of the pyrogenic impact upon the state of soil microbiocenosis of eight- and twenty-years old fallows (lea lands)
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Kaminskyi, V.; Malynovska, I.; Bulgakov, V.; Balian, A.; Olt, Jüri; Rucins, A.; Estonian University of Life Sciences. Institute of Forestry and Engineering
The restoration dynamics of the biological activity of soils after fires of various intensity is an urgent problem. Pyrogenic effects (fires) affect the state of microscopic soil inhabitants: bacteria, micromycetes, etc., causing their death and reducing their physiological and biochemical activity. From a theoretical and practical points of view it is important to study changes in the community of the soil microorganisms during the restoration of phytocenoses in the post-pyrogenic areas. Investigations of Albebeluvisoil were carried out as an example in geographically close areas: 1 and 2 – soil, withdrawn from agricultural use in 1987 (twenty-yearsold fallow); 3 and 4 – soil, withdrawn from agricultural use in 2000 (eight-years old fallow. Studies of the state of the post-pyrogenic and background sections of the eight-year-old and twenty-year-old fallows showed that the mechanism of the effect of fire upon the soil microbiocenosis differs 3 and 14 months after it took place. After the fire during a three-month period there are general processes that lead to a decrease in the number of unicellular living organisms, which also lose their physiological and biochemical activity, there is an increase in mineralization, based on compounds of elements such as carbon and nitrogen. The exception is humus. There is also an increase in soil phytotoxicity of soil. The conducted researches have established that after 14 months the processes of active decomposition of humus begin to decrease and in general the phytotoxicity of soil decreases. There are also observed processes of increase in the number of single-celled living organisms on the basis of nitrogen and phosphorus. After 26 months the consequences of the fire are minimized: the difference in the number of microorganisms and their physiological and biochemical activity becomes statistically unreliable, with the exception of micromycetes, mobilizers of mineral and organophosphates, nitrifying and denitrifying microorganisms; the difference in total biological activity is reduced from 12.6 to 8.67%, in phytotoxicity - from 16.0 to 2.89%.
Exposure to job related risk factors and work-related musculoskeletal disorders among medical laboratory workers
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Vahur, Kristi; Parm, Ülle; Merisalu, Eda; Estonian University of Life Sciences. Institute of Forestry and Engineering. Chair of Biosystems Engineering
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) are the most common work-related diseases among health care workers including medical laboratory workers (MLW). Laboratory workers, when performing different work tasks, are exposed to repetitive movements, static and uncomfortable forced positions. The aim of this study was to explain the occurrence of WRMSDs among medical laboratory workers in relation to job related risk factors, tools and equipment, when performing specific work tasks. Material and methods: The study involved the Estonian MLWs from three regional and four central hospitals. The criteria of the study group were experience ≥ 1 year and workload ≥ 0.5 staff. The e-questionnaire was sent to 502 laboratory workers. Results: The response rate was 25.1%. To the questionnaire answered 126 MLWs, whereas the sample criteria met 122 respondents. There was significant association between nature of the work and shoulder pain in past month and 12 months among MLWs (p < 0.05). The most affected body regions were low back and neck. Work tasks which involved repetitive movements and forced position more than 1 hour were related to pain in low back, neck, and shoulders (in all cases p < 0.05). Those who worked in sitting posture, reported less neck pain both in the past and 12 months, compared to the workers who worked in both sitting and standing posture (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). Conclusions: MLW are at high risk of WRMSDs. So, improvement of workplace ergonomics and rising risk awareness are very important interventions among MLWs.
Influence of weather conditions on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) overwintering
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Polishchuk, V.; Konovalov, D.; Brovdi, А.
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of hydrothermal conditions, duration of winter and varietal characteristics on the sugar content in tillering nodes and, accordingly, on wintering of м plants in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The direct dependence of the amount of sugars in the tillering nodes of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on the sum of effective temperatures and the duration of autumn vegetation was established. It was found that under the most favorable conditions prevailing in the autumn growing season of 2019, with the sum of effective temperatures of 984.6 °C and the duration of the autumn growing season of 76 days, the amount of accumulated sugars was 4.7% higher compared to 2016, and was 30.6%. It was found that over the years of research, the sugar content in the tillering nodes of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was higher in mid-season varieties, but there was no significant difference in varieties within the same maturity group, which confirms the high adaptability of the studied varieties to the soil and climatic conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Favorable climatic conditions in autumn and winter over the years of observation ensured good growth and development of plants in the pre-winter period and contributed to the accumulation of optimal amounts of sugars in tillering nodes, which ensured high winter survival of plants of all winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties. The lowest percentage of overwintering was observed in Gorodnitsa variety at 98.8%, and the highest in Astarta variety with an average of 99.8% over the years of research.
The agricultural traffic effects on soil and maize (Zea mays L.) yields under two different tillage systems
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Botta, G.F.; Ezquerra-Canalejo, A.; Romay, C.; Rivero, D.; Hidalgo, R.J.
This study investigated the agricultural traffic effects on soil and maize (Zea mays L.) yields under No-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) during three cropping seasons on an Entic Haplustoll soil. Cone index (CI), dry bulk density (DBD), soil water content (SWC), root dry matter per plant (RDM), seed emergence (SE) and maize yields (MY) were measured. The highest average RDM values were found in CT (60.6 g plant-1), while the highest value in NT was 48.0 g plant-1). After traffic, for the two tillage systems, the obtained CI results followed a similar trend to those of DBD up to 150 mm. From this depth, the values of both parameters increased sharply up to the 450 mm depth level. At 150 to 450 mm average CI and DBD values were higher than 1,680 kPa and 1,472 kg m-3, and 2,610 kPa and 1,677 kg m-3 for CT and NT, respectively. The average yields for the 3 cropping seasons were 9.93 ton ha-1 and 8.26 ton ha-1 for CT and NT, respectively. It was demonstrated that even using medium-weight equipment (479.8 kN), subsoil compaction could not be avoided.

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