2022, Vol. 20, No. 3

Selle kollektsiooni püsiv URIhttp://hdl.handle.net/10492/7884

Sirvi

Nüüd näidatakse 1 - 17 17

Tracing of the rapeseed movement by using the contrast point tracking method for DEM model verification
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2022) Černilová, B.; Kuře, J.; Linda, M.; Chotěborský, R.
For designing the efficient storage and transport of rapeseed, it is necessary to follow the rules of bulk material, know its properties, and use appropriate equipment. The mentioned properties of bulk material are essential for simulating the numerical model and obtaining the parameters of the geometry particle tracing during the rapeseed manipulation. In order to determine the angle of repose and mechanical properties of rapeseed, the results of previous experiments were used. The aim of this paper was to propose the methodology for calculating the traces of individual particles using the contrast point method during a real test to calibrate and verify a numerical model of the same system as in a real test. RockyDEM software was used to create the numerical model of rapeseed. The numerical model was used to test the flow analysis of rapeseed particles. The experiment measuring rapeseed particle traces was performed using an assembled experimental device. The rapeseed particles and the contrast point particles were poured out from the device, and a camera recorded the process. In parallel with the real experiment, the angle of repose test was performed on the same device to verify the numerical model. The results showed that the methodology is suitable for the DEM model verification with an accuracy of 3.77 mm in the X-axis, 0.55 mm in the Y-axis and 1.7 mm in the Z-axis. This confirmed that the proposed method is suitable for determining the surface behaviour of bulk material to verify the DEM model.
Content of biologically active substances in sweet cherry fruits at different stages of fruit development in the conditions of the living mulch
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2022) Gerasko, T.; Pyda, S.; Paschenko, Yu.; Ivanova, I.; Pokoptseva, L.; Tymoshchuk, T.
Сontent of soluble solids, sugars, titrated acids, ascorbate, glutathione, phenolic substances, anthocyanins, total reducing activity of fruits tissues in sweet cherry fruits studied at different stages of fruit development during 2018 and 2019 in an organic sweet cherry orchard (Prunus avium L. / Prunus mahaleb) in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine. The aim of the research was to determine how the living much conditions (compared to bare fallow) affect the content of biologically active substances in sweet cherry fruits at different stages of ripening. It was determined that the fruits of sweet cherry accumulated significantly more ascorbate, phenolic substances and anthocyanins in the conditions of living mulch (compared to the fruits of the trees on bare fallow). So, at the stage of picking ripeness, the content of ascorbate in sweet cherry fruits in the conditions of living mulch was 29 and 22% more compared to bare fallow (respectively, in 2018 and 2019), phenolic substances - by 47 and 23%, anthocyanins - by 36 and 26%. The revealed regularities can be explained by stressful conditions of competition with natural herbs, which activate the synthesis of anti-stress, antioxidant biologically active substances in plant tissues (including fruits). Since it is the antioxidants of the fruits that have a physiological value for humans, it can be stated that the fruits grown in the conditions of living mulch have a higher therapeutic and preventive value than the fruits grown on bare fallow.
Comparison of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii and top-fermenting brewing yeast strains during the fermentation of model nutrient media and beer wort
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2022) Manshin, D.; Meledina, T.V.; Britvina, T.; Davydenko, S.G.; Shelekhova, N.V.; Andreev, V.; Andreeva, A.
Recently, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii have attracted the attention of Food Science researchers due to their unique properties, the main among which are probiotics. Thus, research is conducted on the use of this yeast as a starter culture in the technology of yogurt, fermented vegetables, fruit, vegetable juices, as well as beer. This paper is aimed at studying Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii 's fermentation performance compared to top-fermenting brewing yeast strains during fermentation of model nutrient media and beer wort. Fermentation activity of the studied strains was assessed based on the character of fermentation curves, as well as the values of the maximum substrate assimilation rate and apparent degree of fermentation. Moreover, during the study, beer was produced using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii as a starter culture. According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii have less fermentation activity compared to brewing strains. In turn, beer produced with Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardiisignificantly differed in physicochemical, microbiological, and organoleptic parameters from the control sample obtained using the 047A brewing strain. Thus, it contained less ethanol and secondary metabolites; however, the concentration of living cells was significantly higher, which indicates a relatively high viability of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii. From an organoleptic point of view, final beer has a positive sensory profile. The aroma of the product had a complex character: it included caramel, spicy, fruity and phenolic notes, as well as smoked and wine elements; while honey was the dominant note of the taste.
Cultivar features of polyphenolic compounds and ascorbic acid accumulation in the cherry fruits (Prunus cerasus L.) in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2022) Ivanova, І.; Serdyuk, М.; Malkina, V.; Tonkha, О.; Tsyz, O.; Mazur, B.; Shkinder-Barmina, A.; Herasko, T.; Havryliuk, O.
Cherry is a popular and widespread fruit crop in many European countries. Significant areas of its plantation are located in the Southern Steppe subzone of Ukraine. Modern biochemical research aims to determine the amplitude of cherries varietal difference within the studied species and determine selection possibilities for the most important chemical components. In this regard, the study of fruits biochemical composition of different cherries cultivars is relevant. The aim of the research was to build a mathematical model based on Multiple linear regression method, which reveals the degree of weather factors influence on the dynamics of polyphenolic compounds and ascorbic acid accumulation in cherries fruits in the Southern Steppe subzone of Ukraine and in regions with similar hydrothermal parameters. The cultivar ‘Ihrushka’ was characterized by the lowest variability in the concentration of polyphenolic compounds with the value of the variation coefficient of 9.9%. The optimal average concentration of polyphenolic compounds at the level of 224.6 mg 100 g-1 had fruits of the cherry cultivar ‘Siianets Turovtsevoi’ (Vp – 12.8%). Fruits of the ‘Vstrecha’ cultivar were characterized by the optimal average concentration of ascorbic acid at the level of 9.6 mg 100 g-1 and variability of the indicator 14.0%. The dominant influence of varietal characteristics on the polyphenolic compounds accumulation in cherry fruits has been established. The share of the factor impact B was 41.3%. It was determined that weather conditions with a share of influence of 69.2% are crucial for the formation of the ascorbic acid. The correlation analysis showed the presence of a linear correlation between seven weather factors (Хі, i = 1..7) and the concentration of polyphenolic compounds (Y1) and ascorbic acid (Y2) in cherry fruits. The values of the pairwise correlation coefficients rY1Xi , rY2Xi i = 1. .7 were within the interval [-0.55; 0.55], which showed the presence of an impact between these weather factors and the studied indicators. The average monthly precipitation in June became decisive for the accumulation of polypolyphenolic compounds (∆X2 = 35.2%). The average monthly amount of precipitation in May was determined to be the most important for the formation of the ascorbic acid level (∆X1 = 37.1%).
Effect of the predecessor and the nitrogen rate on productivity and essential oil content of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) in Southeast Bulgaria
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2022) Harizanova, A.; Delibaltova, V.; Shishkova, M.; Neshev, N.; Yanev, M.; Mitkov, A.; Yordanova, N.; Manhart, S.; Nesheva, M.; Chavdarov, P.
Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is one of the most important essential oil crops on a global scale. Coriander productivity is determined by the genotype, the environmental factors, as well the agronomic practices. A field experiment was conducted in Southeast Bulgaria during three vegetation seasons (2015, 2016, and 2017). The present study aimed at analysing the influence of two crop predecessors (winter wheat and sunflower) and four nitrogen (N) levels (0, 40, 80, and 120 kg ha-1 ). Productivity elements, seed yield, and seed essential oil content of coriander (cv. Mesten drebnoploden) were under evaluation. The results obtained showed that winter wheat was a more suitable predecessor of coriander in comparison to sunflower. The highest results regarding the number of umbels per plant, the umbel’s diameter, the number of umbellets per umbel, the number of seeds per umbel, the seed weight per plant, the 1,000 seed mass, as well as the seed yield for the rate of 80 kg ha-1 of N were recorded. The highest essential oil content after applying 120 kg ha-1 of N was established. Increasing the N level from 0 to 120 kg ha-1 led to a positive and significant effect on essential oil yield. No significant differences between the N rates of 80 and 120 kg ha-1 were recorded. The received results contributed for the evaluatation of the optimum nitrogen level, as well as for the determination of a more suitable predecessor of coriander in order to obtain the highest yield of better quality in the region of Southeast Bulgaria.
Chlorophyll fluorescence induction method in assessing the efficiency of pre-sowing agro-technological construction of the oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. oleiformis Pers.) agrocenosis
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2022) Tsytsiura, Y.
Chlorophyll fluorescence induction (CFI) is a measure of photosynthetic performance and is widely used by plant physiologists and ecophysiologists. The basic principle of CFI analysis is relatively straightforward. The specified method of analysis during 2015–2020 was applied to assess the optimality of selection of technological sowing parameters such as sowing rate (estimated interval 0.5–4.0 million germinable seeds ha-1 ), row width (15–30 cm), presowing fertilizer (N0–90P0–90K0–90) for three varieties of oilseed radish. The widely tested basic indicators of the CFI curve (F0, Fpl, Fm, Fst) were used, as well as possible indices and ratios calculated on their basis in accordance with the CFI analysis methodology. For the first time, the species characteristics of oilseed radish were investigated by the nature of the CFI curve in relation to spring rape, white mustard, and spring mustard on the 1.5 germinable seeds ha-1 (30 cm row width, N0P0K0) variant. It was established by the stress sensitivity category of the PSII photosystem that a reliable possibility of using the CFI method for identification studied technological options for sowing. The share of the influence of the technological factor of the sowing method (in %) on the formation of indicators F0, Fpl, Fm, Fst in the dispersion scheme of the experiment was consistently 19.3, 8.4, 19.5, 6.3. The influence of the seeding rate factor on the results of F0, Fpl, Fm, Fst was (in %) 26.6, 9.5, 42.3, 9.3 and the influence of the fertilizer factor was 13.5, 16.4, 5.7, 12.7, respectively. The formation of the specified basic indicators of the CFI curve in the resulting interaction of the technological parameters of sowing depended on the hydrothermal conditions of the vegetation of oilseed radish with the share of influence of 20.1, 40.2, 28.1, 30.0, respectively. It was determined that the decrease in the indicator of the hydrothermal coefficient (in the ratio of the increase in the sum of average daily temperatures to the decrease in the amount of precipitation) ensures the following dynamics of changes in the main and derivative indicators of CFI: a decrease Fpl 1.3%, Fm 11.8%, ER 8.7%, Lwp 15.9%, RFd 25.3%, Kprp 21.9%, Kfd 17.7% and growth F0 5.1%, Fst 7.3%, Que 40.4%, Kef 24.0%, Vt 71.3%. The comparison during the study period of options 4.0 and 0.5 million germinable seeds ha-1 determined an averaged decrease in F0 and Fst indicators by 29.5% and 29.1% while increasing Fpl and Fm by 2.2% and 38.5%. According to the determined level of CFI indicators for various technological schemes of sowing, an expedient option was recommended, which ensures the highest efficiency of the PSII photosystem of oilseed radish in the range of 1.0–2.0 germinable seeds ha-1 with a fertilization rate of N30–60P30–60K30–60 for row sowing and 1.5 germinable seeds ha-1 with a fertilization rate of N60–90P60–90K60–90 for wide-row sowing.
Composition and cheese suitability of milk from local Ukrainian cows and their crossbreedings with Montbeliarde breed
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2022) Borshch, O.O.; Ruban, S.; Borshch, O.V.; Kosior, L.; Fedorchenko, M.; Bondarenko, L.; Bilkevich, V.
The aim of this work was to compare the qualitative composition of milk and its suitability for cheese processing at cows of local Ukrainian Red-Spotted breed (URS) and their crossbreeds with Montbeliarde (MO) breed. The research was conducted at commercial farm in the Vinnytsia region, Ukraine (48° 57′01″ n.l., 28° 47′09″ e.l). At farm, two groups of purebred and crossbred first lactation cows-analogues with a population of 20 heads in each were formed. The use of crossbreeding cows URS × Montbéliarde breed had a positive effect on the milk composition and cheese suitability. It was established that local purebred cows exceeded purebred counterparts in daily milk yield by 2.47 kg. When the content of fat, protein and lactose in milk was higher in crossbreed group by 0.19, 0.19 and 0.12%, respectively. In addition, crossbreed cows surpassed purebred counterparts for the energy value of 1 kg of milk and theoretically possible output of rennet cheese by 0.142 MJ and 0.61 kg. The duration of the coagulation phase of milk obtained from crossbred cows was shorter than that of purebred analogues by 1.54 minutes.
The use of SSR-markers in rice breeding for resistance to blast and submergence tolerance
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2022) Dubina, E.; Kostylev, P.; Garkusha, S.; Ruban, M.; Lesnyak, S.; Makukha, Y.; Korzh, S.; Nartymov, D.; Gorun, O.
The identification of effective specialized DNA markers providing the clear control of target locus inheritance by the trait of submergence tolerance has been conducted. Among the studied set of microsatellite markers, two the most informative SSR-markers - RM 7481, PrC3 showed high efficiency in detecting intraspecific polymorphism of rice varieties and lines used in the work. With the use of these markers the clear genotype marking the obtained hybrid rice plants by this trait has been conducted and it is has been verified by phenotype evaluation as a result of laboratory trials. The plant samples carrying the target gene in heterozygous and homozygous state has been selected. About 400 backcrossed self-pollinated rice lines with introgressed and pyramided resistance genes Pi-1, Pi-2, Pi-33, Pi-ta, Pi-b to Pyricularia oryzae Cav. were obtained within the frameworks of program to develop genetic rice sources resistant to blast. The conducted testing for resistance to blast and the assessment by economically valuable traits have allowed to select the prospective rice samples. The plant samples of F2 and BC1F1 generations with combination of resistance to blast genes (Pi) and submergence tolerance gene (Sub1A) in homozygous and heterozygous state that is confirmed be the results of analysis of their DNA have been obtained. The obtained hybrid plants are being tested in breeding nurseries for a complex of economically valuable traits. The best plants will be selected and send to State Variety Testing system. Their involving in rice industry will reduce the use of plant protection chemicals against diseases and weeds, thereby increasing the ecology status of the rice industry.
Wheat-Faba bean intercrops improve plant nutrition, yield, and availability of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in soil
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2022) Kaci, G.; Ouaret, W.; Rahmoune, B.
In order to promote agroecological practices, this study compares two cropping systems, i.e., intercropping versus sole cropping of a cereal - durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf. ) and a nitrogen-fixing legume - faba bean (Vicia faba L.) on plant growth, Efficiency in the use of rhizobial symbiosis (EURS), grain yield and phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) accumulation in soil and plant. This study conducted during two cropping seasons in a field trial in the region of Tizi Ouzou, Algeria, shows that shoot dry weight (SDW), nitrogen nutrition index (NNI), phosphorus use efficiency (PUE), land use efficiency (LER), and grain yield were significantly higher for intercropped than for the sole cropped wheat. Furthermore, there was a considerable increase in soil P and N content across the two years of intercropping and sole cropping compared to the unseeded weeded fallow. Intercropping, it is claimed, improves wheat N nutrition by increasing the availability of soil-N for wheat. This increase might be due to reduced interspecific competition between legumes and wheat plants than intraspecific competition between wheat plants due to the legume’s ability to compensate by atmospheric nitrogen fixation.
Study of the controlled motion process of an agricultural wide span vehicle fitted with an automatic driving device
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2022) Bulgakov, V.; Olt, Jüri; Pascuzzi, S.; Ivanovs, S.; Kuvachоv, V.; Santoro, F.; Gadzalo, Ia.; Adamchuk, V.; Arak, Margus; Estonian University of Life Sciences. Institute of Forestry and Engineering
The aim of research is to analyse the process of the wide span vehicle motion on the treads of the permanent process track with the use of the traction method of turn. The completed studies have proved that the plane-parallel motion of a wide span vehicle solely with the use of the traction method of turn on the treads of the permanent process track requires a significantly smaller difference between the moments applied to the wheels on the right side and on the left side of the vehicle, as compared to that of a crawler tractor. This difference is in proportion to the width of its wheel base that has a relatively smaller length. It has been established that the use of solely tractionbased turn does not provide for the adjustment of the motion trajectory through the lateral (planeparallel) displacement of the fore-and-aft axis of the agricultural wide span vehicle. The oscillations in the lateral displacement of the agricultural wide span vehicle in the process of its motion are lowfrequency ones. The main variance spectrum of these oscillations is concentrated within the range of frequencies of 0–2 s −1. At the same time, the maximum transverse displacement of the agricultural wide span vehicle equal to 1.3 10−5 m N−1, occurs also at low frequencies. In view of the fact that the main variance spectrum of the oscillations of the tangential forces applied to the wheels on the left and right sides of the agricultural wide span vehicle is concentrated exactly within a low frequency range, only the high accuracy of the system using a laser beam can ensure its satisfactory steerability.
Role of planting density on the growth efficiency of Juniperus virginiana L. under open-air hydroponic conditions of the Ararat Valley
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2022) Mayrapetyan, Kh.S.; Eghiazaryan, A.S.; Eloyan, S.A.; Karapetyan, A.S.
Juniperus virginiana (J. virginiana) is an evergreen coniferous tree, which has wide usage not only in green construction, but also in folk medicine as a source of valuable bioactive substances. The high demand for the tree forces the development of new methods for plant cultivation. Hydroponics is considered to be one of the most popular methods. As the soilless growing perspectiveness of J. virginiana in Armenia has previously been confirmed by our experiments, the optimization of growing conditions, which bests suits for the enhancement of the growth efficiency and accelerated production of viable trees remains an actual issue. Optimization of the planting density (PD) is one of them. Taking into account the abovementioned in the frame of this study the role of PD on the growth efficiency of J․ virginiana has been studied in open-air hydroponic conditions of the Ararat Valley for the first time. The saplings of the tree were planted in volcanic red slag with three different PDs: 10, 12 and 14 plants per square meter. According to the biometrical measurements, no significant differences between the variants were observed at the end of the experimental period. In October an average height and stem diameter of the plants grown in various PDs were fluctuated between 71.7–76.5 cm and 13.9–14.5 mm, accordingly. Positive relationship between the plant height and stem diameter of J․ virginiana during the whole vegetation period has been observed. Our preliminary studies showed, that all the applied PDs are preferable for early years of hydroponic growing of J․ virginiana in open-air hydroponic conditions of the Ararat Valley.
Technological characteristics of five new apple cultivars of VNIISPK breeding as raw materials for juice industry
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2022) Levgerova, N.; Salina, E.; Sidorova, I.
The data of the technological assessment of the suitability of five new winter apple cultivars of VNIISPK breeding (‘Aleksandr Boyko’, ‘Blagodat’, ‘Vavilovskoye, Ivanovskoye’, ‘Patriot’ and ‘Prazdnichnoye’) for the production of raw materials for juice industry are presented. The main technological indicators characterizing the suitability of the cultivar for juice production were studied: the firmness of the pulp, the yield of juice, the content of soluble solids, sugars, titratable acids and catechins in comparison with the standard cultivar ‘Antonovka’. It was found that all of them were distinguished by a higher content of soluble solids and sugars in the juice than in the standard cultivar, and a lower content of titrated acids, as well as higher tasting ratings. ‘Aleksandr Boyko’ surpassed all studied cultivars in terms of such indicators as juice yield, the content of soluble solids, sugars and catechins in it, besides it was distinguished by low acidity. All studied cultivars, especially ‘Alexandr Boyko’, are promising as raw materials for the juice industry.
The system of soil protection and general balance of main nutrient elements in perennial plantations of semi-desert natural soil zone of Armenia
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2022) Harutyunyan, S.S.; Matevosyan, L.G.; Ghukasyan, A.G.; Galstyan, M.H.
The aim of the research is to study the biological removal of the main nutrient elements from the most common technical grape varieties, as well as from apricot and peach plantations in the farms, situated on semi-desert natural soils of Armenia, to identify the extent of their input and losses due to natural factors and to calculate the balance associated with the soil conservation system in the absence of comprehensive fertilization. In the inter-row spaces of all fruit plantations and even vineyards of the republic, grass cover of productive significance has been established (4.5–6.5 t ha-1 yield of air-dry grass), through which the removal of nutrient elements is 2–3 times higher than the biological removal through trees and vines. The research was conducted in 2015–2020, in the grape, apricot and peach plantations of the semi-desert natural zone of Armenia (Armavir region), where the irrigation norm is 5,000 m3 ha-1 , and the atmospheric precipitation is 256 mm, through which 40 kg ha-1 N, 2 kg ha-1 P2O5, and 44 kg ha-1 K2O enter the soil. The losses due to erosion and washing away are N - 12 kg ha-1 , P2O5 - 7 kg ha-1 , K2O - 75 kg ha-1 . The balance of nutrient elements in all plantations is negative, nitrogen in plantations with industrial grass cover is 154, P2O5 - 52, K2O - 311, and in the system of black fallow - 15, 16 and 85 kg ha-1 , respectively. The negative balance of nitrogen in apricot and peach plantations is 121, P2O5 - 44, K2O - 296 kg ha-1.
The effect of feed supplementation with inulin on boar taint levels and meat quality of entire male pigs
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2022) Pereira Pinto, R.; Vaz Velho, M.; Barros, M.; Reis, N.; Pires, P.
Skatole and androstenone are the two main compounds responsible for the foul odour in entire male pigs’ meat, known as boar taint. This study evaluated the effect of feed supplementation with inulin on the boar taint levels of 30 entire male pigs. Two months before slaughter, the animals were allocated into three groups (n = 10). The control group received a standard commercial diet. The other groups were fed the same commercial diet with 3% and 6% added inulin, respectively. Results showed that inulin addition to the feed significantly reduced skatole levels in the pigs’ adipose tissue compared with the control group. The levels of androstenone were not affected by the dietary approach. Although there were differences in some parameters, the supplementation with inulin did not promote extensive changes in the meat quality parameters between the tested groups. When raising entire males, supplementation with inulin in finishing diets could be considered to reduce the boar taint perception by the consumer.
Tartaric acid synthetic derivatives effect on phytopathogenic bacteria
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2022) Mikaelyan, A.R.; Babayan, B.G.; Vartanyan, A.A.; Tokmajyan, H.V.
The scientific goals of current research were devoted to targeted derivatization of natural tartaric acid (TA) for the enhancement of antimicrobial properties of it such as like the effects of them on multi-drug resistant phytopathogenic bacteria, depends to their structure features and the genetic parameters of studied microorganisms. The main utilitarian goal is to develop new class of antimicrobial biodegradable compounds with possible prospective application as moresafe alternative to traditional antibiotics applicable for: agriculture, horticulture, food industry as well as in medicine. These compounds were developed in basic research laboratory: ‘Agrarian Pesticide Creation and The Quality Control’ at National Polytechnic University of Armenia (NPUA). TA and tartrates are safe antimicrobial food additives. According to the results of in vitro studies, the synthesized cyclohexyl-, benzyl- and phenyl- derivatives of it in the form of amine complex salts (correspondently CAS, BAS and PhAS) and cyclic imides (correspondently CI, BI and PhI) are effective against the model multidrug resistant strains of Gram-negative microorganisms. Bactericidal effects of TA derivatives were demonstrated on 19 model native soil strains of phytopathogenic Xanthomonas beticola (6 strains), X. vesicatoria and Pseudomonas syringae (13 strains) representatives, which are differing in antibiotic resistance. Regarding the transformation results, the absence of transfer of resistance to TA imides and amine complex salts by plasmids, makes them promising objects for further research. Primary studies have not shown any antibacterial effect on various nonpathogenic soil bacteria (Pseudomonas chlororaphis, P. taetrolens, etc.). The described compounds are recommended for further more detailed toxicological studies.
Effect of foliar products on the inflorescence yield of lavender and essential oil
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2022) Minev, N.; Matev, A.; Yordanova, N.; Milanov, I.; Sabeva, M.; Almaliev, M.
The topic of the effect of foliar fertilization on the productivity and oil content of lavender is relevant, but not sufficiently studied. The present study aims to establish the effect of foliar products on the growth, development and productivity of lavender. The field experiment was carried out at the Agricultural University - Plovdiv with lavender of ‘Jubileina’ variety during 2019–2020. The following variants were included in the study: 1. Untreated control; 2. Treatment with Fertileader Gold (FG) - 3 L ha-1; 3. Treatment with Fertiactyl Trium + Fertileader Vital (FT + FVital) - 1.5 + 1.5 L ha-1; 4. Treatment with Fertileader Viti (FViti) - 3 L ha-1; 5. Treatment with Fertileader Vital (FV) - 3 L ha-1; 6. Treatment with Fertileader Alpha (FA) - 3 L ha-1. Those preparations are bio stimulants for foliar application. The treatments were made in two consecutive lavender vegetation seasons. The first application was carried out in the second growing season (2019) and the second in the next, third growing season (2020). The foliar application of all tested products increased the photosynthetic activity, but it was better expressed when using the plant nutrition products FV, FViti and FT + FVital. A positive effect was also observed in the height and diameter of the bush, but during the third vegetation period. The number of flowering stems increased by 62.9%; 59.4%; 53.3% and 8.4%, respectively, when applying the fertilizers FG, FT + FVital, FViti and FV. The application of FG and FT + FVital increased the yield of fresh inflorescences by 6.1% and 3.7%. The application of the different products affected the oil yield in different ways; the application of FG, FT + FVital and FViti increased it, while FV and FA decreased it by 27 kg ha-1 and 16 kg ha-1, respectively, for the first vegetation and by 43.4 kg ha-1and 33.1 kg ha-1 for the second vegetation. The boron containing products FG, FT + FVital and FViti led to a significant increase in the essential oil yield, while the application of the foliar fertilizers FV and FA reduced it. Based on those results, the first three products are recommended.
Whey permeate-derived milk acidifier for dairy calves
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2022) Antone, U.; Eihvalde, I.; Liepa, L.; Ilgaza, A.; Zolovs, M.; Liepins, J.
A milk acidifier obtained from whey permeate fermenting it with dairy propionic acid bacteria was tested in this study to evaluate the effects of milk acidification on the health and growth performance of pre-weaned dairy calves. The study consisted of 30 neonatal Holstein female calves, allocated to three treatments fed unacidified (Control group) or acidified (EG-1 and EG-2 groups) pasteurised milk during the 7–75 day age. Control and EG-1 were fed milk by divided method three times daily till one month of age, then twice daily until weaning; EG-2 was basically fed by the undivided method - one week three times daily (7–14 day age), then once daily. Results demonstrate that animal general health status and faecal scores (FS) were good and the tested acidifier can be used for pre-weaned calf milk acidification. Biochemical and haematological indices of blood at the 30 and 60 day age were within normal reference values with both - divided and undivided - milk feeding methods. Mean live weight (LW; 106.6 ± 9.40 kg on average) and live weight gain (LWG; 911.33 ± 109.04 g day-1 on average) at weaning did not differ between treatments (P > 0.05). Lower intake of starter feed associated with a larger amount of milk consumed was observed in EG-2 animals (P < 0.05). As the results observed regarding growth performance and health indices of all dietary treatment groups of calves were similar, we could anticipate that the acidification benefits would be greater when providing unpasteurised milk, or during the hottest weather when the risks of milk spoilage are greater.

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