2022

Selle valdkonna püsiv URIhttp://hdl.handle.net/10492/7188

Sirvi

Nüüd näidatakse 1 - 20 84

Adaptation of various maize hybrids when grown for biomass
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2022) Radchenko, M.V.; Trotsenko, V.I.; Butenko, A.O.; Masyk, І.M.; Hlupak, Z.I.; Pshychenko, O.I.; Terokhina, N.O.; Rozhko, V.M.; Karpenko, O.Y.
The aim of this research is to optimize growth and development of maize for biomass by selecting maize hybrids to fulfill their productivity potential. The following maize hybrids were the subject of research: Forteza, DM Native, DM Skarb. The greatest height of plants was formed in the interphase period of milk-wax maturity of grain in hybrid Forteza - 286.4 cm. In hybrid DM Native the height of plants was - 271.2 cm, hybrid DM Skarb - 263.6 cm. Weight of one plant of hybrids studied during the maize growing season ranged from 442 g to 760 g. Thus, the largest mass of maize plants was recorded in the milk-wax maturity stage. It was the largest at the hybrid Forteza and amounted to 760 g, that is more than at the hybrid DM Native for 3.4% (26 g) and at the hybrid DM Skarb for 6.6% (50 g). The average crop yield of the hybrid Forteza for the period of research was 55.1 t ha-1 . Hybrids DM Native and DM Skarb provided this indicator at the level of 50.6 and 45.7 t ha-1 respectively. Hybrid Forteza provided a maximum crop yield 55.1 t ha-1 with plant height 286.4 cm, assimilation surface of one plant and a crop 0.59 m2 ; 42.8 thousand m2 ha-1 and plant weight 760 g.
Agrochemical methods for reducing the translocation ability of heavy metals in sod-podzolic soil
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2022) Mazhayskiy, Yu.A.; Guseva, T.M.; Kurchevskiy, S.M.; Vcherashnyaya, V.V.
The impact of technogenesis on the agricultural landscape contributes to the contamination of all its components by heavy metals. The main measure to protect the environment from the input of heavy metals is the prevention of pollution, which is achieved by improving the technology of agricultural production. The development of methods for the agrochemical rehabilitation of technogenically polluted soil, which ensure the receipt of environmentally safe crop products, is an urgent task. The paper presents the results of a lysimetric experiment on the study of the use of fertilizer systems for the purpose of remediation of heavy-metal-contaminated soddy-podzolic soil. It has been experimentally established that the translocation ability of heavy metals and, as a result, the accumulation of toxicants in grain and tilled crops is reduced when using an organomineral fertilizer system. All the studied fertilizer systems reduced the entry of dangerous ecotoxicants - lead and cadmium, into the infiltration water, and also caused the immobilization of Cu and Zn.
Amino acid content in rice and lentil meal for vegan and pescatarian diet
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2022) Lignicka, I.; Graci (Balgalve), A.; Zīdere-Laizāne, A.M.
Combining different raw materials, it is possible to increase plant-based protein functionality. Traditionally lentils are combined with rice. As rice complements lentils in sulphurcontaining amino acids this plant-based combination provides a complete profile of essential amino acids. The aim of this study was to compare amino acid content and scoring pattern in vegan and pescatarian quick preparation meals and analyse developed meal suitability for a vegan diet containing all needed amino acids. Results show that vegan and pescatarian quick preparation meals contain all essential amino acids at adequate amounts according to FAO`s recommendation, results showed no significant difference between samples (p > 0.05). These results show that combining rice and lentils it is possible to develop a meal suitable for a vegan diet that contains all needed amino acids.
Assessment of power characteristics of unmanned tractor for operations on peat fields
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2022) Kägo, Riho; Vellak, Priit; Ehrpais, Hendrik; Noorma, Mart; Olt, Jüri; Estonian University of Life Sciences. Institute of Technology
In this article, power characteristics of a state-of-the-art unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) are characterised. It is demonstrated that in terms of power characteristics requirements, purposebuilt computer aided autonomous UGV systems are capable of replacing systems that utilise conventional tractors in peat field operations, with milled peat extraction operations as a case study. The authors demonstrate the viability of the UGV in achieving optimal mobility capabilities in operating on peatland surface. The UGV of interest was assessed for two operations of milled peat extraction: milling and harrowing. For both operations, the power consumption of the UGV and the drawbar pull of the implements (passive miller and harrower) were measured and analysed. The required drawbar pull values of the investigated implements remained in the range of 4–8 kN, which corresponded to the drawbar power of 14–36 kW. It was found that the UGV of interest is capable of carrying out milled peat operations in terms of traction capacity. However, it was found that the power supply capacity to be insufficient, thus requiring an improved solution.
Biogas production from the specialized dairy farming and porcine subsectors in Antioquia, Colombia: theoretical and technical-energy potential approach
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2022) Luna-del Risco, M.; Jiménez Vásquez, A.; Zea Fernández, J.S.; Marín, E.; Arrieta González, C.; Cardona Vargas, A.; Mejías Brizuela, N.Y.
In developing countries, residual biomass usage by means of anaerobic digestion offers several benefits and opportunities, such as a sustainable energy source, production of organic fertilizers and new agrobusiness models. In Latin America, Colombia is one of the most promising markets for the implementation of this technology in terms of availability of biomass and economic growth, as recently reported by local government organizations. In this paper, special attention is given to Antioquia, a department of Colombia with the largest farms of cattle and pigs, according to information reported in 2018 by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. It is estimated that manure from the porcine subsector in Antioquia has an approximate technical-energy potential of 1,896 TJ year-1 , varying from 1,611 to 2,186 TJ year-1 , corresponding to the 95% confidence interval. In the case of manure generated by the livestock subsector in Antioquia, it is estimated a theoretical energy potential of 8,566 TJ year-1 . However, traditional extensive production systems disseminate manure through the pastures turning centralization of the available residual biomass a difficult task and not senseful. Based on the local practices of the specialized dairy subsector, it is estimated that manure collected during the milking process could reached up to 25% of the total available. Biochemical conversion of this amount of biomass has an estimated technical-energy potential of 187 TJ year-1 , varying from 156 and 236 TJ year-1 , corresponding to the 95% confidence. The aim of this article is to estimate the technical-energy potential for the livestock and porcine subsectors in the Department of Antioquia, based on the available residual biomass according to local farming practices.
Bonding performance of wood of fast-growing tree species eucalyptus (Eucalyptus grandis) and radiata pine (Pinus radiata D.Don) with polyvinyl acetate and emulsion polymer isocyanate adhesives
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2022) Iejavs, J.; Šķēle, K.; Grants, E.; Uzuls, A.
Fast-growing imported plantation tree species have become an available wood resource for Europe’s wood industry in the last decades. This sustainable alternative may reduce the gap between the increasing demand for and decreasing supply of the local tree species. The aim of the study was to evaluate the performance of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus grandis) and radiata pine (Pinus radiata D.Don) wood in face-bonding with polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) and emulsion polymer isocyanate (EPI) adhesive for the production of non-structural semi-finished glued laminated timber members for window manufacturing. Test specimen preparation and testing were performed according to European standards. Tensile shear strength and wood failure percentages were determined as bonding performance indicators for 3 adhesives and 3 selected bonding parameters (pressure, pressing time and adhesive spread) in 27 variations after boiling the specimens in water. According to the results, the bonding variables influence the glue-line tensile shear strength and wood failure percentages. Bonding pressure and pressing time were evaluated as the most significant factors influencing shear strength of bonded joints. For all bonding variations the average level of shear strength from 3.45 to 5.23 MPa were reached for PVAc adhesive and from 3.78 to 9.65 MPa for EPI adhesives. Both EPI adhesives provide higher performance compared to PVAc adhesive. In the case of bonding fast-growing tree species, the highest shear strength values were achieved using the lowest pressure of 0.8 MPa, adhesive spread from 150 to 180 g m-2 and longest pressing time of 40 min. Based on the general evaluation of the results, it can be stated that the wood of eucalyptus and radiata pine bonded with both EPI adhesives presents great potential for non-structural semi-finished glued laminated timber member production, especially for the use in humid conditions.
Breeding and genetic improvement of soft winter wheat with the use of spelt wheat
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2022) Diordiieva, I.P.; Riabovol, L.O.; Riabovol, Ya.S.; Serzhuk, O.P.; Nakloka, Iu.І.; Nakloka, О.P.; Karychkovska, S.P.
In the process of carrying out studies as a result of hybridization of soft wheat with spelt wheat, a number of new forms that differ in morphobiological and economically valuable features were obtained. The aim of the research was to expand the genetic diversity of soft wheat by hybridization with spelt wheat, analysis of the heterotic effect in hybrids in order to systematize the samples and obtain valuable original forms for the breeding process of creating high-yielding varieties. As a result of research the breeding technology of creating high-yielding forms of soft winter wheat by cross-species hybridization of Triticum aestivum L. × Triticum spelta L. has been improved. It has been determined that the plant height and ear length in hybrids are inherited by type of intermediate inheritance or negative dominance, the number of grains in the ear - by type of intermediate inheritance or positive dominance; ear grain weight - by type of superdominance or positive dominance. In F2 hybrids there is a dihybrid cleavage into forms with speltoid, squarehead and typical ear with a quantitative predominance of speltoid plants, which indicates the control of the ‘ear shape’ indication by two non-allelic genes. The ear shape of the soft wheat original varieties in relation to speltoid varieties turned out to be a recessive trait, but at the same time it was dominant to a squarehead form. Regardless of the genotypes of soft wheat included in the combination of crossbreeding with spelt wheat, red color ear indication was determined by a monogenic type of inheritance. Varieties of soft winter wheat Artaplot, Umanska Tsarivna and Freya have been created, which are included in the State Registry of Plant Varieties Suitable for Distribution in Ukraine and recommended for cultivation in Polissia.
Chlorophyll fluorescence induction method in assessing the efficiency of pre-sowing agro-technological construction of the oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. oleiformis Pers.) agrocenosis
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2022) Tsytsiura, Y.
Chlorophyll fluorescence induction (CFI) is a measure of photosynthetic performance and is widely used by plant physiologists and ecophysiologists. The basic principle of CFI analysis is relatively straightforward. The specified method of analysis during 2015–2020 was applied to assess the optimality of selection of technological sowing parameters such as sowing rate (estimated interval 0.5–4.0 million germinable seeds ha-1 ), row width (15–30 cm), presowing fertilizer (N0–90P0–90K0–90) for three varieties of oilseed radish. The widely tested basic indicators of the CFI curve (F0, Fpl, Fm, Fst) were used, as well as possible indices and ratios calculated on their basis in accordance with the CFI analysis methodology. For the first time, the species characteristics of oilseed radish were investigated by the nature of the CFI curve in relation to spring rape, white mustard, and spring mustard on the 1.5 germinable seeds ha-1 (30 cm row width, N0P0K0) variant. It was established by the stress sensitivity category of the PSII photosystem that a reliable possibility of using the CFI method for identification studied technological options for sowing. The share of the influence of the technological factor of the sowing method (in %) on the formation of indicators F0, Fpl, Fm, Fst in the dispersion scheme of the experiment was consistently 19.3, 8.4, 19.5, 6.3. The influence of the seeding rate factor on the results of F0, Fpl, Fm, Fst was (in %) 26.6, 9.5, 42.3, 9.3 and the influence of the fertilizer factor was 13.5, 16.4, 5.7, 12.7, respectively. The formation of the specified basic indicators of the CFI curve in the resulting interaction of the technological parameters of sowing depended on the hydrothermal conditions of the vegetation of oilseed radish with the share of influence of 20.1, 40.2, 28.1, 30.0, respectively. It was determined that the decrease in the indicator of the hydrothermal coefficient (in the ratio of the increase in the sum of average daily temperatures to the decrease in the amount of precipitation) ensures the following dynamics of changes in the main and derivative indicators of CFI: a decrease Fpl 1.3%, Fm 11.8%, ER 8.7%, Lwp 15.9%, RFd 25.3%, Kprp 21.9%, Kfd 17.7% and growth F0 5.1%, Fst 7.3%, Que 40.4%, Kef 24.0%, Vt 71.3%. The comparison during the study period of options 4.0 and 0.5 million germinable seeds ha-1 determined an averaged decrease in F0 and Fst indicators by 29.5% and 29.1% while increasing Fpl and Fm by 2.2% and 38.5%. According to the determined level of CFI indicators for various technological schemes of sowing, an expedient option was recommended, which ensures the highest efficiency of the PSII photosystem of oilseed radish in the range of 1.0–2.0 germinable seeds ha-1 with a fertilization rate of N30–60P30–60K30–60 for row sowing and 1.5 germinable seeds ha-1 with a fertilization rate of N60–90P60–90K60–90 for wide-row sowing.
Comparative analysis of oil flax varieties according to economically valuable traits in the Steppe zone of Ukraine
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2022) Poliakova, I.; Polyakov, O.; Vedmedeva, K.
Interest in oil flax has been growing in recent decades. Linseed oil is a fast-drying oil and it is traditionally used in the production of linoleum, paints and coatings. Due to their content of essential polyunsaturated acids and vitamins, the growing use of flax seeds and oils in food and medicine has significantly increased the volume of its cultivation in different countries. This article presents the main research results for 2018−2020 of a large group of varieties of oil flax of Zaporizhzhia breeding for economically valuable traits. The purpose of research is to establish the genotypes that form the highest yields and oil content in arid conditions of the Steppe zone of Ukraine. It was found that the most productive year was 2020 due to more favorable temperatures and even distribution of precipitation during the growing season of oil flax. It was found that the yield of oil flax had a high correlation coefficient with weather conditions (r = 0.67) especially from precipitation in May-June (r = 0.60). A detailed study of the correlation between yield and habit traits and the main economically valuable traits revealed a close direct correlation between oil flax yield and seed weight per 1 plant (r = 0.99), yield and number of lateral stems per plant (r = 0.93), yield and number of bolls and seeds per 1 plant (r = 0.77), yield and weight of 1,000 seeds (r = 0.73), yield and duration of the growing season (r = 0.65). According to the results of three-year research, the highest yield was obtained from the variety Vodohrai 1.79 t ha-1 . The highest oil content and oil yield per hectare were formed by varieties Vodohrai 50.1% and 0.80 t ha-1 , Zolotystyi 49.7% and 0.76 t ha-1 , Aisberh 48.3% and 0.72 t ha-1.
Comparative anatomical and morphological characteristics of two subspecies of Melissa officinalis L. (Lamiaceae)
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2022) Petrishina, N.N.; Yena, A.V.; Nevkrytaya, N.V.; Nikolenko, V.V.; Pashtetsky, V.S.; Myagkikh, E.F.; Babanina, S.; Kukhar, V.S.
The aim of the research is to comprehensively compare the anatomical and morphological structures of plants of Melissa officinalis subsp. officinalis (‘Krymchanka’ and ‘Lada’ varieties) and of M. officinalis subsp. аltissima (Sm.) Arcang. These plants have pronounced differences in morphological features and production indexes. They are grown in the collection of aromatic plants of the Research Institute of Agriculture of the Crimea (Krymskaya Roza village, Belogorsky district of Crimea). These studies will allow us to supplement the botanical characteristics of both subspecies of M. officinalis, and also to evaluate their plasticity and possibilities of adaptation to growing conditions. For examination we collected plants in the flowering phase. Anatomical study was carried out using a fixed (alcohol: glycerin : water in a ratio of 1: 1: 1) and native preparation. A complex of mesomorphic and xeromorphic characters is established, that confirms the high plasticity and determines the adaptive capabilities of the species when introduced into various soil and climatic conditions. A variety of epidermal structures was revealed, which are represented by single and multicellular non-glandular trichomes and various types of glandular structures. Among them, trichomes with a multicellular pedicle and a unicellular head, which we found only in M. officinalis subsp. officinalis.
Comparison of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii and top-fermenting brewing yeast strains during the fermentation of model nutrient media and beer wort
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2022) Manshin, D.; Meledina, T.V.; Britvina, T.; Davydenko, S.G.; Shelekhova, N.V.; Andreev, V.; Andreeva, A.
Recently, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii have attracted the attention of Food Science researchers due to their unique properties, the main among which are probiotics. Thus, research is conducted on the use of this yeast as a starter culture in the technology of yogurt, fermented vegetables, fruit, vegetable juices, as well as beer. This paper is aimed at studying Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii 's fermentation performance compared to top-fermenting brewing yeast strains during fermentation of model nutrient media and beer wort. Fermentation activity of the studied strains was assessed based on the character of fermentation curves, as well as the values of the maximum substrate assimilation rate and apparent degree of fermentation. Moreover, during the study, beer was produced using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii as a starter culture. According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii have less fermentation activity compared to brewing strains. In turn, beer produced with Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardiisignificantly differed in physicochemical, microbiological, and organoleptic parameters from the control sample obtained using the 047A brewing strain. Thus, it contained less ethanol and secondary metabolites; however, the concentration of living cells was significantly higher, which indicates a relatively high viability of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii. From an organoleptic point of view, final beer has a positive sensory profile. The aroma of the product had a complex character: it included caramel, spicy, fruity and phenolic notes, as well as smoked and wine elements; while honey was the dominant note of the taste.
Composition and cheese suitability of milk from local Ukrainian cows and their crossbreedings with Montbeliarde breed
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2022) Borshch, O.O.; Ruban, S.; Borshch, O.V.; Kosior, L.; Fedorchenko, M.; Bondarenko, L.; Bilkevich, V.
The aim of this work was to compare the qualitative composition of milk and its suitability for cheese processing at cows of local Ukrainian Red-Spotted breed (URS) and their crossbreeds with Montbeliarde (MO) breed. The research was conducted at commercial farm in the Vinnytsia region, Ukraine (48° 57′01″ n.l., 28° 47′09″ e.l). At farm, two groups of purebred and crossbred first lactation cows-analogues with a population of 20 heads in each were formed. The use of crossbreeding cows URS × Montbéliarde breed had a positive effect on the milk composition and cheese suitability. It was established that local purebred cows exceeded purebred counterparts in daily milk yield by 2.47 kg. When the content of fat, protein and lactose in milk was higher in crossbreed group by 0.19, 0.19 and 0.12%, respectively. In addition, crossbreed cows surpassed purebred counterparts for the energy value of 1 kg of milk and theoretically possible output of rennet cheese by 0.142 MJ and 0.61 kg. The duration of the coagulation phase of milk obtained from crossbred cows was shorter than that of purebred analogues by 1.54 minutes.
Content of biologically active substances in sweet cherry fruits at different stages of fruit development in the conditions of the living mulch
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2022) Gerasko, T.; Pyda, S.; Paschenko, Yu.; Ivanova, I.; Pokoptseva, L.; Tymoshchuk, T.
Сontent of soluble solids, sugars, titrated acids, ascorbate, glutathione, phenolic substances, anthocyanins, total reducing activity of fruits tissues in sweet cherry fruits studied at different stages of fruit development during 2018 and 2019 in an organic sweet cherry orchard (Prunus avium L. / Prunus mahaleb) in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine. The aim of the research was to determine how the living much conditions (compared to bare fallow) affect the content of biologically active substances in sweet cherry fruits at different stages of ripening. It was determined that the fruits of sweet cherry accumulated significantly more ascorbate, phenolic substances and anthocyanins in the conditions of living mulch (compared to the fruits of the trees on bare fallow). So, at the stage of picking ripeness, the content of ascorbate in sweet cherry fruits in the conditions of living mulch was 29 and 22% more compared to bare fallow (respectively, in 2018 and 2019), phenolic substances - by 47 and 23%, anthocyanins - by 36 and 26%. The revealed regularities can be explained by stressful conditions of competition with natural herbs, which activate the synthesis of anti-stress, antioxidant biologically active substances in plant tissues (including fruits). Since it is the antioxidants of the fruits that have a physiological value for humans, it can be stated that the fruits grown in the conditions of living mulch have a higher therapeutic and preventive value than the fruits grown on bare fallow.
Cultivar features of polyphenolic compounds and ascorbic acid accumulation in the cherry fruits (Prunus cerasus L.) in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2022) Ivanova, І.; Serdyuk, М.; Malkina, V.; Tonkha, О.; Tsyz, O.; Mazur, B.; Shkinder-Barmina, A.; Herasko, T.; Havryliuk, O.
Cherry is a popular and widespread fruit crop in many European countries. Significant areas of its plantation are located in the Southern Steppe subzone of Ukraine. Modern biochemical research aims to determine the amplitude of cherries varietal difference within the studied species and determine selection possibilities for the most important chemical components. In this regard, the study of fruits biochemical composition of different cherries cultivars is relevant. The aim of the research was to build a mathematical model based on Multiple linear regression method, which reveals the degree of weather factors influence on the dynamics of polyphenolic compounds and ascorbic acid accumulation in cherries fruits in the Southern Steppe subzone of Ukraine and in regions with similar hydrothermal parameters. The cultivar ‘Ihrushka’ was characterized by the lowest variability in the concentration of polyphenolic compounds with the value of the variation coefficient of 9.9%. The optimal average concentration of polyphenolic compounds at the level of 224.6 mg 100 g-1 had fruits of the cherry cultivar ‘Siianets Turovtsevoi’ (Vp – 12.8%). Fruits of the ‘Vstrecha’ cultivar were characterized by the optimal average concentration of ascorbic acid at the level of 9.6 mg 100 g-1 and variability of the indicator 14.0%. The dominant influence of varietal characteristics on the polyphenolic compounds accumulation in cherry fruits has been established. The share of the factor impact B was 41.3%. It was determined that weather conditions with a share of influence of 69.2% are crucial for the formation of the ascorbic acid. The correlation analysis showed the presence of a linear correlation between seven weather factors (Хі, i = 1..7) and the concentration of polyphenolic compounds (Y1) and ascorbic acid (Y2) in cherry fruits. The values of the pairwise correlation coefficients rY1Xi , rY2Xi i = 1. .7 were within the interval [-0.55; 0.55], which showed the presence of an impact between these weather factors and the studied indicators. The average monthly precipitation in June became decisive for the accumulation of polypolyphenolic compounds (∆X2 = 35.2%). The average monthly amount of precipitation in May was determined to be the most important for the formation of the ascorbic acid level (∆X1 = 37.1%).
Development of an algorithm for assessing canopy volumes with terrestrial LiDAR to implement precision spraying in vineyards
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2022) Pagliai, A.; Sarri, D.; Lisci, R.; Lombardo, S.; Vieri, M.; Perna, C.; Cencini, G.; De Pascale, V.; Ferraz, G. Araújo E. Silva
Precision spraying is one of the techniques for the reduction of pesticides use and it can help achieve the new European Green Deal standards. The aim of such technique is to apply the right amount of pesticides according to the target characteristics. The precision spraying implementation requires target volume assessment, which can be carried out by LiDAR sensors. Such technique requires complex and time-consuming procedures of canopy characteristics computing through post-processing points cloud reconstruction. The present work aimed to develop and test an algorithm through the use of a tractor-coupled with terrestrial LiDAR and GNSS technology in order to simplify the process. With the aim to evaluate the algorithm the LiDAR-based volume was correlated with two manual measurements of canopy volume (Tree Row Volume and Point Net Cloud). The results showed good correlations between manual and LiDAR measures both for total canopy volumes (R 2 = 0.67 and 0.56) and for partial canopy volume (R 2 = 0.74). In conclusion, although the LiDAR-based algorithm works in automatic mode, the canopy volumes approximation seems acceptable to estimate the canopy volumes, with the advantages of a swifter procedure and less laborious post-processing computations.
Duration of low temperature changes physiological and biochemical attributes of rice seedling
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2022) Talukder, S.; Mamun, M.A.A.; Hossain, M.S.; Khan, M.A.R.; Rahman, M.M.; Talukder, M.R.; Haque, M.M.; Biswas, J.C.
The low temperature (LT) is detrimental to growth of rice seedling during boro season in Bangladesh. An experiment was conducted in growth chamber during June to October, 2021 using BRRI dhan29 as planting material. The aim of this experiment was to determine the effect of variable duration of LT on growth, physiological and biochemical traits of rice seedling and to determine the age of seedling that can tolerate cold effect. In this experiment 5, 10, 15 and 20 days old seedling (DOS) were exposed to 6 °C for 1, 2, 3 and 4 days. Seedlings were also grown under room temperature (25 °C, RT) which consider as control treatment. Seedlings were grown in plastic trays filled with mixture of soil and cowdung. The experiment was conducted following completely randomized design with 3 replications. Data on shoot length and weight, root length and weight, chlorophyll (Chl), carotenoids, malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline contain were determined after 5 days of temperature sock. The results revealed that the LT was injurious to younger rice seedling when they were exposed to LT for 1 to 2 days. The shoot and root length as well as their dry weight were reduced under low temperature. Further, the Chl and carotenoid content of younger rice seedlings degraded within 2 days of LT exposure. On the contrary, the proline and MDA content of rice seedlings increased to reduce the harmful effect of under LT. It could be concluded that the rice seedlings could tolerate the detrimental effect of LT when they attain at least 15 days.
Ecotoxicological assessment of mineralized stratum water as an environmentally friendly substitute for agrochemicals
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2022) Pysarenko, P.; Samojlik, M.; Galytska, M.; Tsova, Y.; Kalinichenko, A.; Bąk, M.
As a result of military operations on the territory of Ukraine, sown areas are reduced, the cost of plant protection products and fertilizers increases which emphasizes the problem of obtaining maximum yields from a smaller area of farmland. Given that a shortage of food grains can cause a global food crisis, research on the use of MSW as an environmentally friendly substitute for agrochemicals is relevant today. The aim of the research was to assess the ecotoxicological properties of MSW as an environmentally friendly substitute for synthetic agrochemicals. The impact of MSW as a fertilizer on soil chemical properties and assessment of MSW phytotoxicity as an herbicide for weeds and productivity of winter wheat were studied under field conditions. Toxicological assessment of MSW under laboratory conditions was carried out according to the following parameters: acute oral toxicity and resorptive-toxic effect of MSW. As a result of the assessment of MSW impact on soil chemical properties, it was found that significant soil acidification occurs only when MSW dose of more than 2,400 L ha-1 is used. The content of nitrates and oil products did not increase and there was no soil salinity when the MSW was used in doses of 300–1,200 L ha-1 . It was determined that the greatest decrease in weed plant biomass (85.5%) was observed when 100% concentration of MSW was used in a dose of 350 L ha-1 . As a consequence, with reduced weed infestation, there was a 21.5% increase in winter wheat yield if 100% MSW was used and a 19.1% increase if 75% MSW was used. As a result of the toxicological assessment of MSW, it was found that it belongs to low-toxic compounds. These results of ecotoxicological investigation of MSW make it possible to assert that its use is safe in agriculture, in particular as an environmentally safe organomineral fertilizer and herbicide.
The effect of adding carrot or beetroot powders on the quality indicators of round cracknel products
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2022) Tikhiy, A.V.; Barakova, N.V.; Samodelkin, E.A.
The relationship between carrot/beetroot powders added, the quantity and quality of gluten in the flour and the moisture, acidity, swelling coefficient and the quality indicators of round cracknel products has been studied. The carrot and beetroot powders, produced by Vitbiokor, LLC, and the premium wheat flour were used. The powders were introduced in a dry and hydrated form. The hydration was carried out at the hydromodule of 1:5 for 40 minutes. The particle size analysis of raw materials was conducted with the laser diffraction analyzer Malvern Mastersizer 2000. The proportion of particles of less than 200 µm in the flour made 100%, in the carrot powder - 77%, in the beetroot powder - 71%. The introduction of carrot/beetroot powders in the amount of 1.5%, 3.0%, 6.0% and 9.0% by weight of the flour reduces the amount of gluten. Still, it strengthens the latter, making it possible to mold products with developed porosity. The introduction of dry carrot powder in the amount of 6% into the sourdough and the dough (1.5%, 3.0%, 6.0% and 9.0%) increases the swelling coefficient of the end products by an average of 15%, while the introduction of the hydrated powder does it by 40%. Similarly, the introduction of the dry beetroot powder leads, on average, to a 12% increase and of the hydrated powder to a 22% increase. The obtained results proved the effectiveness of introducing carrot/beetroot powders (preference given to their hydrated types) into the recipe of round cracknel products.
The effect of feed supplementation with inulin on boar taint levels and meat quality of entire male pigs
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2022) Pereira Pinto, R.; Vaz Velho, M.; Barros, M.; Reis, N.; Pires, P.
Skatole and androstenone are the two main compounds responsible for the foul odour in entire male pigs’ meat, known as boar taint. This study evaluated the effect of feed supplementation with inulin on the boar taint levels of 30 entire male pigs. Two months before slaughter, the animals were allocated into three groups (n = 10). The control group received a standard commercial diet. The other groups were fed the same commercial diet with 3% and 6% added inulin, respectively. Results showed that inulin addition to the feed significantly reduced skatole levels in the pigs’ adipose tissue compared with the control group. The levels of androstenone were not affected by the dietary approach. Although there were differences in some parameters, the supplementation with inulin did not promote extensive changes in the meat quality parameters between the tested groups. When raising entire males, supplementation with inulin in finishing diets could be considered to reduce the boar taint perception by the consumer.
Effect of foliar products on the inflorescence yield of lavender and essential oil
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2022) Minev, N.; Matev, A.; Yordanova, N.; Milanov, I.; Sabeva, M.; Almaliev, M.
The topic of the effect of foliar fertilization on the productivity and oil content of lavender is relevant, but not sufficiently studied. The present study aims to establish the effect of foliar products on the growth, development and productivity of lavender. The field experiment was carried out at the Agricultural University - Plovdiv with lavender of ‘Jubileina’ variety during 2019–2020. The following variants were included in the study: 1. Untreated control; 2. Treatment with Fertileader Gold (FG) - 3 L ha-1; 3. Treatment with Fertiactyl Trium + Fertileader Vital (FT + FVital) - 1.5 + 1.5 L ha-1; 4. Treatment with Fertileader Viti (FViti) - 3 L ha-1; 5. Treatment with Fertileader Vital (FV) - 3 L ha-1; 6. Treatment with Fertileader Alpha (FA) - 3 L ha-1. Those preparations are bio stimulants for foliar application. The treatments were made in two consecutive lavender vegetation seasons. The first application was carried out in the second growing season (2019) and the second in the next, third growing season (2020). The foliar application of all tested products increased the photosynthetic activity, but it was better expressed when using the plant nutrition products FV, FViti and FT + FVital. A positive effect was also observed in the height and diameter of the bush, but during the third vegetation period. The number of flowering stems increased by 62.9%; 59.4%; 53.3% and 8.4%, respectively, when applying the fertilizers FG, FT + FVital, FViti and FV. The application of FG and FT + FVital increased the yield of fresh inflorescences by 6.1% and 3.7%. The application of the different products affected the oil yield in different ways; the application of FG, FT + FVital and FViti increased it, while FV and FA decreased it by 27 kg ha-1 and 16 kg ha-1, respectively, for the first vegetation and by 43.4 kg ha-1and 33.1 kg ha-1 for the second vegetation. The boron containing products FG, FT + FVital and FViti led to a significant increase in the essential oil yield, while the application of the foliar fertilizers FV and FA reduced it. Based on those results, the first three products are recommended.

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