2024

Selle valdkonna püsiv URIhttp://hdl.handle.net/10492/9341

Sirvi

Nüüd näidatakse 1 - 20 52

Adaptability of apricot varieties in the Right-Bank Subzone of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Ignatenko, O.; Moiseichenko, N.; Makarova, D.; Trokhymchuk, H.; Vasylenko, V.; Havryliuk, O.; Kishchak, O.; Honcharuk, Y.; Hrusha, V.
The research reveals the main reasons that prevent the extension of commercial apricot plantations in Ukraine and worldwide. This brief description includes eight cultivars from Ukrainian and foreign breeding programmes. The trials conducted in the Right-Bank subzone of the Western Forest Steppe of Ukraine. The plants from Ukrainian breeding programme ‘Melitopolskyi Ranniі’, ‘Botsadivskyi’, ‘Siaivo’, ‘Kumir’, ‘Osoblyvyi Denysiuka’, as well as the foreign one – ‘Robada’, ‘Harogem’, ‘HJA-19’, were distinguished by high adaptability to the complex of adverse overwintering factors in the above-mentioned region. These samples did not lose the acquired level of frost resistance under the influence of provoking thaws. A comprehensive assessment of drought resistance, based on water-holding capacity, turgor recovery degree, water deficiency, and leaves' hydration of the presented varieties, established that all variants of the experiment were not inferior to the best popular cultivars. According to the the biological feature of buds' formation at an early age, the cultivars ‘Robada’ and ‘HJA-19’ were characterized as early-fruiting. The yield and quality indicators for the 2021–2022 years of research were evaluated. Average fruit weight was noted in all samples, with the cultivar ‘Siaivo’ exceeding the average. To improve the assortment and enrich the apricot gene pool collections with the best samples suitable for cultivation in the Forest-Steppe Zone of Ukraine, according to the results of the study, the following researched cultivars were included in the collection of valuable samples of the common apricot gene pool of the Institute of Horticulture of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine: ‘Melitopolskyi Ranniі,’ ‘Botsadivskyi,’ ‘Siaivo,’ and ‘Osoblyvyi Denysiuka’. These cultivars are sources of productivity and adaptability to abiotic factors of cultivation (winter and frost resistance, drought resistance). They are certified by the National Center of Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine.
Adsorbent potential of cocoa pod husk activated charcoal to remove metals from the Ucayali River
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Lozano-Reátegui, R.M.; Asencios-Tarazona, V.; Ruiz-Yance, I.O.; Guerrero-Ochoa, M.R.; Pinedo-Chambi, W.; Mendoza-Carlos, M.M.
The problem of river water contamination due to the presence of dangerous metals for ichthyological flora and fauna and human health has motivated the search for innovative and feasible solutions. Therefore, the production of activated carbon from cocoa pod husks was investigated to eliminate metals present in the Ucayali River. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the manufacturing of the adsorbent and test its effectiveness in removing metals from water using a factorial design of 33 and 32, with three replicates each. The optimal amount of activated carbon (18.41 g) was obtained from 200 g of fresh cocoa pod husks. It was converted into activated carbon under the following conditions: thermal modification at 100, 150, and 200 °C; activation time of 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 h; and pyrolysis and activation at 400, 500, and 600 °C. This allowed the elimination by efficient adsorption of 56.8% Fe2+, 68.4% Al3+, 65.9% Cu2+, and 55.5% Zn2+ from Ucayali River, thus demonstrating its adsorbent power. The results will make it possible to manufacture filters to decontaminate water containing heavy metals, thus guaranteeing its consumption.
Advancing patient safety competencies in nursing education: an examination of student attitudes
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Sepp, Jaana
In nursing, patient safety is of paramount concern, requiring the development of well-defined competencies among nursing students and the early integration of safety principles into curricula. This study aimed to explore nursing students' perceptions regarding patient safety, offering valuable insights for curriculum developers. The main research questions were: What are the perceptions of nursing students regarding patient safety, and how can this information be useful for curriculum developers in improving students' safety knowledge and developing the curriculum in this direction? The Attitudes to Patient Safety Questionnaire (APSQ III) was employed to gather data due to its established reputation as a comprehensive and reliable instrument for assessing student attitudes in patient safety. The questionnaire was thoughtfully distributed to first-year nursing students with work experience in the healthcare field. The study revealed that students consider patient safety important and perceive its implementation as dependent on multidisciplinary teamwork and error reporting. Based on students' perceptions, nursing educators should increase the presence of patient safety courses in the nursing curriculum, emphasizing a multidisciplinary approach and enhancing competencies related to critical thinking. This includes improving skills in error reporting, organizing practical training, and mastering the use of standardized terminology. In conclusion, the study underscores the necessity of redefining nursing competencies, early integration of patient safety principles, the significance of research, and the role of assessment tools in shaping attitudes toward patient safety in nursing education.
Agro-biological evaluation of different groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) varieties on the background of phosphorous-potash fertilizers in conditions of semi-desert soil zone
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Matevosyan, L.G.; Barbaryan, A.A.; Ghazaran, R.H.; Ghukasyan, A.G.; Galstyan, M.H.; Harutyunyan, S.S.
In conditions of semi-desert soil zones of Armenia (1,130 m high above the sea level) the agro-biological properties of groundnut varieties Lia, Virginia, Mocket, TMV 3, Sevahatik (Black Seed) and Chinese have been studied with the aim of selecting their best options for further regionalization in the piedmont zones. The field experiments were conducted in 2020–2022. The calculations and laboratory analyses have indicated that the field germination capacity of the mentioned varieties is rather high fluctuating within the range of 77.5–81.0%, whereas the weight of 1,000 grains equaled to 515–545 g, the average yield - 2.77–3.33 t ha-1, the total nitrogen in the grains were 4.39–4.61%, crude proteinհում (per 5.70 factor of nitrogen) - 25.02–26.28%, total sugar contents - 14.11–16.63%, and fat content - 44.8–48.0%. The Mocket and Chinese varieties were distinguished by their yield capacity and qualitative indices of the yield and thus, the latter have been recommended for the cultivation in the farm households of the mentioned zone.
Assessment of environmental impacts: a life cycle analysis of wheat and rice production in Madhya Pradesh
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Khangar, N.S.; Thangavel, M.
The production of cereals is one of the primary activities that is responsible for most of the environmental degradation that is caused by agricultural activities. In this study, an attempt was made to determine the ecosystem & resource emissions along with emissions affecting human health, causing due to agricultural activities. LCA is used to conduct an analysis of 17 types of emissions caused by rice and wheat production per hectare in Madhya Pradesh. Based on LCIA and Monte Carlo simulation, the study provides valuable insights into the regional environmental emissions associated with direct seeded rice (DSR), irrigated wheat (IW) and rainfed wheat (RW). Study shows that except for Marine eutrophication (MEUT) and Agricultural land use (ALU), rice production has relatively higher impact than wheat production. Irrigated wheat production found with higher potential of causing non-cancerous diseases caused by air pollution, whereas rice production has the potential to contribute to cancer disease. The production of rice and wheat in Madhya Pradesh state cumulatively contributes 0.008 Gt CO2 eq. (0.10% of global total) to the global agrifood system GHG emission within farmgate. Since majority of the emissions are caused by soil & crop nutrients and fuel consumption, here it became important to adopt sustainable agricultural practices & biofuel to lessen the environmental impact of wheat & rice production and make sustainable agro-food system of Madhya Pradesh. Based on study results emission mitigation policies have been suggested taking the existing policies into consideration.
Balance and coefficients of usage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium from the soil and fertilizers by tomatoes and peppers in the conditions of Ararat Plain of Armenia
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Matevosyan, L.G.; Harutyunyan, S.S.; Galstyan, M.H.; Osipova, R.H.; Mkrtchyan, A.T.; Sargsyan, K.Sh.; Sadoyan, R.R.
The aim of the research is to reveal the biological removal, balance and coefficient rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium use from soil, organo-mineral fertilizers and microbiological concentrates by tomato and sweet pepper in the conditions of Ararat Plain of Armenia. Field experiments were carried out in 2017–2019, on typical irrigated meadow brown soils in triplicate. It has been established that at tomato yields of 50–75 t ha-1, the biological removal of nitrogen ranges from 110 (without fertilizers) to 178 kg ha-1 (N150P80), P2O5: 61–89, K2O5: 166–289 kg ha-1, and at pepper yields of 23–32 t ha-1, respectively - 55–76, 38–49 and 77–106 kg ha-1. Tomato utilization rates from the soil (unfertilized version) are: N: 118, P2O5: 37, K2O: 8%, and the negative balances are respectively: 107, 67 and 109 kg ha-1, similar data for pepper were recorded at: N: 59, P2O5: 23, K2O: 4% and 52, 44, 20 kg ha-1. From fertilizers, tomato absorbs 27–45% nitrogen, 11–48% P2O5 and 48–72% K2O with negative balances (N: 15–55, P2O5: 14–76, K2O: 34–79 kg ha-1), in poultry litter the balance P2O5 = + 94.2 kg ha-1. For pepper, however, these data were respectively amounted to: N: 6–14, P2O5: 10–15, K2O: 9–20%, and the balances were positive. Microbiological concentrates (Azoto + phosphate Barvar) showed poor effectiveness as compared to organo-mineral fertilizers. It was also found that the lower the amount of a mobile element in the soil, or in the fertilizer dose, the higher its utilization rate and vice versa.
Bioactivity of a methanolic extract of Peganum harmala L. seeds on the inflorescence rot agent (Mauginiella scaettae) and the fusarium rot agent (Fusarium oxysporum fsp albedinis) of date palm
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Araba, F.; Khene, B.; Kemmasi, A.; Kraimat, M.; Othmani, R.; Rahmani, Y.; Khane, Y.; Djellid, Y.
The antifungal activity of the methanolic extract of Peganum harmala L. seeds harvested in Algerian Sahara was assessed on the mycelial growth of Mauginiella scaettae the causal agent of inflorescence rot and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp albedinis the causal agent of vascular fusariosis of date palm (Bayoud). The phytochemical analyses revealed the absence of tannins, flavonoids, steroids and coumarins, and among others, alkaloids, saponosides and terpenoids. The antifungal tests of different concentrations prove a strong inhibitory activity of the seed extract towards Mauginiella scaettae with an average inhibition rate of 100% after 72 h from 20% concentration to 100% (v/v). For Fusarium oxysporum f. sp albedinis, the inhibition rate increased with the extract concentration and the mycelial growth in the treated plates showed a low growth rate compared to the growth of this fungus in the control. The ANOVA test reveals that the extract of Peganum harmala seeds is very effective against Mauginiella scaettae and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp albedinis, it appears to have antifungal and mycelial growth inhibitory activity.
Boron and magnesium foliar application increase grain yield of durum wheat under drought by improving some physiological parameters
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Bani Khalaf, Y.; Aldahadha, A.; Migdadi, O.; Samarah, N.
Grain yield of wheat is primarily limited by water stress. Therefore, to increase productivity under drought conditions, a pot experiment was carried out at Maru Agricultural Research Station (MARS), Jordan, during the year 2021 to investigate the effect of foliar fertilizer by boron and magnesium under drought at either tillering or anthesis stages on some physiological parameters and yield components of two varieties of durum wheat. Foliar application by combined boron and magnesium had significantly improved the transpiration rate and relative water content (RWC) of wheat varieties at both tillering (4.39 µg cm-2 s-1 and 82.55%, respectively) and anthesis (7.43 µg cm-2 s-1 and 77.28%, respectively) growth stages, when compared with controls at tillering (3.56 µg cm-2 s-1 and 76.63%, respectively) and anthesis (5.79 µg cm-2 s-1 and 66.21%, respectively). RWC was significantly the highest by foliar boron (79.4%) at tillering stage under drought. Meanwhile, total chlorophyll content by SPAD was significantly the highest by combined boron and magnesium (46.8) during anthesis stage under drought. In general, the results indicated that var. Maru 1 had significantly higher grain yield (20.1 g/ plant) than var. Hourani (12.1 g/plant) may be due to differences in genetic makeup. Foliar application by combined boron and magnesium significantly increased wheat varieties' grain weight at tillering (18.2 g/plant) and anthesis (8.7 g/ plant) drought when compared with controls at either tillering (13.7 g/plant) or anthesis (5.5 g/plant) drought. However, foliar application did not significantly improve the grain weight under well-watered conditions. Our findings showed that the foliar application is more important at antheis drought than at tillering for increasing grain yield of wheat by improving of some physiological parameters.
Breeding and genetic screening of F1 hybrids of soft winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by manifestation of resistance to Fusarium graminearum Schwabe
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Demydov, O.A.; Kyrylenko, V.V.; Murashko, L.A.; Humenyuk, O.V.; Suddenko, Yu.M.; Mukha, T.I.; Volohdina, H.B.; Zamlila, N.P.; Novytska, N.V.; Mazurenko, B.O.
Diseases of field crops significantly reduce yield and the quality of agricultural products. Developing resistant varieties is one of the tasks for enhancing agroecosystem resilience. The creation of infectious material for the background pathogen and heterosis analysis of F1 hybrids of soft winter wheat for resistance against Fusarium graminearum Schwabe (F. graminearum) and elements of spike productivity was the goal of the conducted research. The analysis of F1 genotypes of wheat for resistance against F. graminearum was carried out in field infections and natural nurseries of the wheat breeding laboratory of The V.M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of the NAAS of Ukraine (located in the northern part of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine) during 2021 and 2022. The most aggressive isolates of the F. graminearum fungus were identified for developing inoculum and creating an artificial infection background in field conditions. In terms of the inheritance of resistance and spike productivity traits, 29.4% of hybrid populations of the first generation were selected. Positive dominance for the complex of investigated traits was found in hybrid combinations where sources of resistance against Fusarium graminearum (MV 20-88 × Smuhlianka, (Mikon × ALMA) × Lehenda Myronivska and local winter wheat varieties MIP Knyazhna, MIP Vyshyvanka were involved in the crossbreeding. It was established that cytoplasmic genes enhance the dominance of genes for complex resistance in one crossbreeding group. The best combinations with positive dominance in resistance to fusarium can be utilized in the development of highly resistant varieties.
Control of subacute ruminal acidosis in high-yielding dairy cow herd by measuring the rumen wall thickness
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Sematovica, I.; Malniece, A.; Duritis, I.
The study aimed to investigate whether the rumen wall thickness (RWT) follows with the data from the collar sensor system and how deeply it depends on feeding management used in the high-yielding dairy cow farm, as well as what benefit it could bring to diagnose subacute rumen acidosis (SARA) in cows. The data obtained from the collar sensors about chewing activity were analysed in relation to milk recording results, the rumen wall thickness (RWT) and the context of the composition of feed easily digestible carbohydrate changes during the intensive lactation phase. The dynamic of RWT was evaluated concerning milk amount and quality, its relation to fertility, and the size of the cows, which were taken into account. The results showed that the sensor system provides information about cow behaviour but does not provide direct information about the SARA problem in the herd. The RWT was related to the changes in feed easily digestible carbohydrate content and chewing activity. In conclusion, the sensor system allows monitoring of feed ingestion, but overall data about productivity and milk composition are necessary to make conclusions and induce ideas about corrections. Additional RWT measures are necessary to monitor rumen health and SARA presence timely, so monitoring the RWT may lead to a longer productive life for the cow.
Development of innovative energy drink based on cold brewspruce sprout and its comparison to commercial energy drinks
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Karklina, K.; Ozola, L.; Ibrahim, M.N.G.; Estonian University of Life Sciences. Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences. Chair of Food Science and Technology and ERA-Chair for Food (By-) Products Valorisation Technologies
Commercial energy drinks have high content of caffeine and sugar that can lead to various health problems. Spruce sprouts could have beneficial effects on human health. This research aims to prepare alternative energy drinks with less caffeine and sugar that are based on spruce sprout, cold brew, and fruit juice. In the study, three commercial energy drinks were used - RedBull original (RBo), RedBull zero sugar (RBzs), and RedBull Tropical fruits (RBt) - and three spruce sprout - cold brew energy drinks were prepared. The spruce sprout - cold brew energy drinks were - cold brew coffee 96.8% with spruce sprout juice 3.2% (SCB), cold brew coffee 25% with orange juice 71.8% and spruce sprout juice 3.2% (SCBo), and cold brew coffee 25% with apple-aronia juice 71.8% and spruce sprout juice 3.2% (SCBaa). All energy drinks were evaluated for their Vitamin C content, titratable acidity, pH, soluble solids, colour evaluation, total phenolic content, and anti-radical activity by DPPH. The results showed that Vitamin C increased significantly (p < 0.05) by 30 times in the spruce sprout - cold brew energy drinks (104–244 mg 100 g-1), compared to its content in commercial drinks (4.23–6.24 mg 100 g-1). Comparing the total phenolic content in commercial energy drinks (6.67–10.69 mg GAE 100 g-1), its content increased significantly (p < 0.05) by 20 times in the spruce sprout - cold brew energy drinks (128.46–253.93 mg GAE 100 g-1). In conclusion, spruce sprout - cold brew energy drinks could be considered as an alternative to commercial energy drinks.
Digital marketing and communication strategies of agri-food enterprises on social media platforms
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Konoplyannikova, M.; Radkevych, L.; Netreba, M.; Bilan, M.; Lorvi, I.; Nahorna, O.
This article explores the dynamic evolution of digital marketing and communication strategies within agricultural enterprises across diverse social media platforms amidst the industry's ongoing transformation. Employing a comprehensive approach, including detailed case studies and a mix of quantitative and qualitative analyses, the study investigates how these strategies enhance online presence, stakeholder engagement, and overarching marketing goals. Utilizing an advanced econometric model, the research uncovers statistical relationships, revealing the quantitative impact of digital marketing and social media on revenue generation for agricultural enterprises. The results highlight the effectiveness of a nuanced blend of content marketing, community building, and targeted advertising in boosting visibility and engagement. Beyond statistics, the study identifies key propositions for optimizing digital strategies in agriculture, emphasizing tailored content, data analytics, and the integration of emerging technologies. By scrutinizing the dynamic interplay between digital marketing and communication dynamics within the agricultural landscape, the research contributes theoretical insights and practical recommendations. Serving as a guiding compass for stakeholders, policymakers, and researchers, the study offers a roadmap for leveraging the transformative potential of digital strategies in the evolving agricultural industry. This research provides valuable guidance for stakeholders aiming to harness the synergies between digital marketing and communication strategies, ensuring a holistic approach to navigating the complexities of the digital landscape within the agricultural sector.
Effect of substrate moisture level on cloudberry seedling growth and development after propagation
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Āboliņa, L.; Osvalde, A.; Karlsons, A.
Experimentation of cloudberry cultivation has recently started in Latvia. Propagation is an essential part of cloudberry cultivation strategy, and it is an important step to ensure cloudberry survival and high vitality in field conditions. Optimal moisture conditions have to be determined for seedling development in the greenhouse. Potted cloudberries, cultivar ‘Nyby’, were grown at four different relative moisture levels of the substrate (in percent of the full waterholding capacity of the peat) - 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80%. Physiological measurements were taken once every week, including the concentration of total a and b chlorophyll in SPAD units and stomatal conductance in mmol m-2s-1. Morphological parameters, such as the number of leaves per pot, leaf size (cm), number of winter buds and visual score (from 1 to 5) were measured at the end of the vegetation season. Results revealed significant differences between the substrate moisture treatments for chlorophyll content in leaves, winter bud development and visual scoring. The authors note that slightly higher results were found for all parameters for the 80% treatment, following the tendency of increased plant vitality in higher moisture levels. This study indicates that a relative moisture of at least 70% of the full water-holding capacity of the peat is necessary for successful cloudberry growth and development under greenhouse conditions.
The effect of the calibration of the spiral feeder and the type of feed pellets on the precision of its dosing
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Chlebowski, J.; Gaworski, M.; Nowakowski, T.
When feeding dairy cows, there is a need for precise dosing of concentrate feed. The quality of the feed dosing process is influenced by the physical properties of the feed material and the accuracy of the feeder calibration. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of the accuracy of calibration of the spiral feeder and the type of granulated feed on the precision of dosing feed material at the feeding station. The study used a feeding station intended for feeding cattle, equipped with a spiral feeder with a feed rates of up to 1 kg min-1. Three types of feed material with different granule diameters were used for the tests. The characteristics of the feed pellets included their bulk density, diameter and length of the pellets. In the study, the accuracy of the feeder calibration was related to the number of feed mass measurements obtained in the calibration procedure. Options for three and six mass measurements were included. The tests were performed for two feed rates, i.e. 0.3 and 0.4 kg min-1. In order to determine the accuracy of feed dosing by the spiral feeder, the dosing accuracy index was calculated. The research results were subjected to statistical analysis. A statistically significant impact of calibration on the accuracy of feed dosing was found. In the study, increasing the diameter of the granules was accompanied by an increase in the accuracy of its dosing.
Effectiveness of reducing ammonia emissions from solid manure by using bio-covers
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Knoknerienė, I.; Strelkauskaitė-Buivydienė, I.; Bleizgys, R.
According to the European Environment Agency, in 2021, 93 percent of ammonia was released into the environment due to agricultural activities. Almost half of the pollutants were released from cowsheds. The next significant source of pollution is liquid and/or solid manure storage facilities. Many dairy farms use liquid manure systems, but inevitably there is some solid manure produced in every cattle farm. Ammonia emissions increase when air penetrates the top layer of the manure pile. This is the reason why it is recommended to reduce the surface area of the manure piles that contact with open air. Straw, peat, sawdust, or other materials can be used as bio-covers. The purpose of this study is to determine the efficiency of bio-covers while covering solid manure. Experimental studies were carried out in field conditions, covering solid cattle manure with a > 10 cm thick layer of chopped straw. As the results show, chopped straw reduced ammonia emissions by up to 44.49 percent, but the emission declination rate is 1.85 times higher during the period when NH3 volatilization is the most intensive.
Effects of chemical seed priming on germination performance and seedling growth of Lycopersicon esculentum (Mill.) under salt stress
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Maaroufi-Dguimi, H.; Gamal Mohammed, S.; Abdalgadir, H.; Omari al Zahrani, F.
As an important economic plant, Lycopersicon esculentum (Mill.) faces salinity stress from germination to all growth stages. The aim of this study is to ride salt-induced agriculture difficulties of tomato by applying different chemical seed priming: ascorbic acid (ASA), potassium nitrate (KNO3) and calcium nitrate (CaNO3) during two time periods which are 24 and 48 hours. In the current case, the seeds were pre-treated with previously mentioned chemicals for varying periods of time before germination in a salt solution (100 mM NaCl). The treatments were replicated three times. For no primed seeds, salt treatment decreased germination parameters as well as seedling growth parameters (fresh weight, epicotyl and root length and chlorophyll content). Different chemical seed priming alleviated the salt harmful effect on germination and growth parameters. In saline conditions, the priming agents, had more significant effect in comparison with normal conditions. Significantly, the treatment including CaNO3-48-h priming, had high efficacy in promoting germination and plant growth and is associated with reduced levels of leaf proline and malondialdehyde (MDA) content.
Evaluation of phenolic compound composition of Sambucus nigra berries grown in Latvia
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Avena, A.; Ozola, L.; Keke, A.
Phenolic compounds in agricultural raw materials can vary within a species and can be affected by a combination of such factors as growing region, weather conditions and fruit ripeness. Climatic differences between the southern, central and northern parts of Europe can cause differences in the phenolic compounds present in the plant. The research was aimed to investigate the phenolic compounds of berries of Sambucus nigra varieties grown for commercial production in Latvia. During the study four elderberry varieties were analysed - ‘Haidegg 17’, ‘Korsör’, ‘Haschberg’ and ‘Emma’. All samples were analysed for total phenolic compound content (TPC), DPPH free radical scavenging activity and individual phenolic compounds. In addition, sample pH and total soluble solids (TSS) were measured. Results showed that ‘Emma’ berry samples had the highest value of TSS content - 10.5% (°Bx) and the lowest pH value - 3.65. The variety ‘Korsör’ showed the lowest TSS content - 8.1% (°Bx) as well as the lowest TPC and DPPH free radical scavenging activity, the variety ‘Haschberg’ showed the highest pH value. The variety ‘Haidegg 17’ stood out with a high TPC. In total six phenolic compounds were identified and quantified in the analysed samples - gallic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, sinapic acid and 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid. According to the obtained results, it was evident that the indicators for some parameters differ from the information available in the literature about the composition of berries of crops grown in other regions. This suggests that it is worth further researching elder tree varieties grown in northern climate.
Evaluation of photosynthetic variables of Brachiaria brizantha under eucalyptus canopies in a livestock-forestry integration system
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Oliveira, J.R.; Hüther, C.M.; Ricardo, R.A.K.; Donagemma, G.K.; Batista, I.; Correia, M.E.F.; Muller, M.D.; Melo, P.S.; Corrêa, G.M.; Rodrigues, N.F.; Tavares, S.R.L.
Livestock sector generates significant environmental impacts despite its global economic importance. The current challenge is to find sustainable ways of boosting this sector, while mitigating the negative impacts of this activity. In Brazil, degraded pastures are common because of inadequate management, damaging the soil. Integrated livestock-forestry (ILF) systems combine forest species and pastures in the area, incorporating elements of sustainability. In this system, the tree species is related to the productivity of the pasture, as the shade generated by the canopy creates different light conditions, influencing the photosynthetic activity of the forage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the luminosity of the understory of an ILF system on the photosynthetic activity of the forage species Brachiaria brizantha in the Atlantic Forest region of Brazil. Transient chlorophyll a fluorescence and chlorophyll concentration were analysed in forage plants grown in consortium with Eucalyptus urograndis (Clone 1407), with spacing of 4m between trees and 24m between tree rows. Two treatments were established based on light conditions: the control treatment, corresponding to the condition with the highest light corresponded to the pasture row, and the treatment with the lowest light, corresponding to the area under the canopy. The results show that the low light supplied to the forage plant, during the experiment period, under eucalyptus canopies, promotes changes in the intensity of chlorophyll a fluorescence and chlorophyll concentration, indicating low efficiency of the electron transport chain and changes in leaf nitrogen content, due to a possible stress situation.
Experimental system for investigating processes of shock freezing of meat
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Mironovs, V.; Tatarinov, A.; Abayev, A.; Zemchenkovs, V.
Shock freezing affords reduction of freezing time, production of much smaller ice crystals that preserves the tissue structure and nutritional value of the product. The advantage of using ultrasonic bulk waves for monitoring the freezing process is the ability to trace the dynamics of changes in the properties of the meat tissue directly using ultrasound velocity, attenuation and the waveform shape. The purpose of the study was to create an experimental freezing system with follow up ultrasound propagation parameters in meat specimens during shock freezing. The samples were frozen by the electric pipe-freezing unit Frigo 2F-Zero of REMS with the temperature control by a calibrated thermocouple. Ultrasonic signals were recorded continuously by a custom-made ultrasonic setup in the through transmission mode using a pair of 2.5 MHz transducers mounted on a calliper-based probe. The following trends were observed during the freezing stages. Ultrasound velocity decreased in lean meat and increased in fatty meat with cooling at temperatures above zero. Rapid drop of ultrasonic signals at temperatures below zero associated with the beginning of the crystallization process and the presence of both liquid and crystal components. Ultrasonic signals increased as the samples were completely frozen and ultrasound velocity increased to values close to those in icy bodies. Differences in ultrasonic parameters on a time scale during freezing were revealed for lean and fatty meat samples demonstrating a possibility to investigate specific freezing regimes for different types of meat.
Fusarium head blight in winter wheat: development peculiarities and protective strategies
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Avagyan, G.V.; Martirosyan, H.S.
Fusarium head blight (FHB, caused by the fungal plant pathogen Fusarium graminearum Schwabe) is a widespread fungal disease in the Republic of Armenia, affecting various cereal crops, including wheat, leading to a decrease in productivity and grain quality. However, comprehensive research aimed at selecting proper fungicides and determining the optimal application timing has not been conducted before. FHB can undergo epidemic development during years characterized by favorable weather conditions. Conversely, during periods of adverse weather conditions, the severity and incidence of FHB tend to decrease notably. Abundant rainfall and mild temperatures render plants more susceptible, facilitating the spread of infection not only during the flowering of winter wheat but also at the waxy ripening stage, thereby increasing the risk of an FHB epidemic. The experiments were carried out during the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons under rain-fed conditions, with the primary focus on treating winter wheat with triazole group fungicides. During years with adverse weather conditions for FHB development, a single application of Falcon (0.5 L ha-1 ) or Prosaro (1.0 L ha-1 ) at Feekes 10.5.1 proved to be an effective strategy for managing FHB, particularly when integrated with cultural practices. These treatments provided a biological efficacy of 80.6% to 83.3% at Feeks 11.2, and from 76.6% to 79.4% at harvest, respectively, increasing wheat yield by 37.62% to 42.9%. In the case of epidemic development of FHB during years with more favorable weather conditions, a double fungicide treatment (Falcon or at Feekes 10.3 and Prosaro at Feekes 10.5.1) was the most effective option, showing high biological efficacy (97.4% at Feeks 11.2 and 90.3% at harvest) against FHB of winter wheat, increasing wheat yield by 40.1%.

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