2024

Selle valdkonna püsiv URIhttp://hdl.handle.net/10492/9341

Sirvi

Nüüd näidatakse 1 - 20 104

Adaptability of apricot varieties in the Right-Bank Subzone of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Ignatenko, O.; Moiseichenko, N.; Makarova, D.; Trokhymchuk, H.; Vasylenko, V.; Havryliuk, O.; Kishchak, O.; Honcharuk, Y.; Hrusha, V.
The research reveals the main reasons that prevent the extension of commercial apricot plantations in Ukraine and worldwide. This brief description includes eight cultivars from Ukrainian and foreign breeding programmes. The trials conducted in the Right-Bank subzone of the Western Forest Steppe of Ukraine. The plants from Ukrainian breeding programme ‘Melitopolskyi Ranniі’, ‘Botsadivskyi’, ‘Siaivo’, ‘Kumir’, ‘Osoblyvyi Denysiuka’, as well as the foreign one – ‘Robada’, ‘Harogem’, ‘HJA-19’, were distinguished by high adaptability to the complex of adverse overwintering factors in the above-mentioned region. These samples did not lose the acquired level of frost resistance under the influence of provoking thaws. A comprehensive assessment of drought resistance, based on water-holding capacity, turgor recovery degree, water deficiency, and leaves' hydration of the presented varieties, established that all variants of the experiment were not inferior to the best popular cultivars. According to the the biological feature of buds' formation at an early age, the cultivars ‘Robada’ and ‘HJA-19’ were characterized as early-fruiting. The yield and quality indicators for the 2021–2022 years of research were evaluated. Average fruit weight was noted in all samples, with the cultivar ‘Siaivo’ exceeding the average. To improve the assortment and enrich the apricot gene pool collections with the best samples suitable for cultivation in the Forest-Steppe Zone of Ukraine, according to the results of the study, the following researched cultivars were included in the collection of valuable samples of the common apricot gene pool of the Institute of Horticulture of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine: ‘Melitopolskyi Ranniі,’ ‘Botsadivskyi,’ ‘Siaivo,’ and ‘Osoblyvyi Denysiuka’. These cultivars are sources of productivity and adaptability to abiotic factors of cultivation (winter and frost resistance, drought resistance). They are certified by the National Center of Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine.
Adapting agriculture to climate shifts: managing crop water needs for environmental resilience in Sindh, Pakistan
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Qureshi, H.U.; Abbas, I.; Shah, S.M.H.; Qureshi, Z.U.; Al-Qadami, E.H.H.; Mustaffa, Z.; Teo, F.Y.
Sindh is an important hub for the agricultural production in Pakistan. Therefore, this study was aimed to model the air temperature trend in Sindh and its impacts on the seasonal water requirement for Rice, Wheat, and Sugarcane under the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. In this study, RegCM4 with GFDL-ESM2M was used and the bias correction of RegCM4 simulations was done using Quantile Mapping. As per the analysis, the average annual temperature over the study area may rise by about 1.2 to 1.8 °C and 2.8 to 3.3 °C under RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios respectively. Seasonally, warming is expected to be higher in spring and winter seasons, whereas, diurnally, the daytime temperature may increase by about 1.2 to 1.7 °C and 2.6 to 3.2 °C, while the nighttime temperature may rise by about 1.4 to 2.7 °C and 3.0 to 3.5 °C under the RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios respectively. Consequentially, the seasonal water requirement for Rice in Sindh may increase by about 50–100 mm and 100–200 mm under RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios respectively. For Wheat, the water requirement may rise by about 60 mm and 100 mm, whereas for Sugarcane, it may soar by about 100–150 mm and 150–200 mm under RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios respectively. Conclusively, the rising crop water consumption may cause increased irrigation requirements, low crop water productivity and yield, and rising local water disputes thereby endangering the crop production and water security in the province.
Adsorbent potential of cocoa pod husk activated charcoal to remove metals from the Ucayali River
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Lozano-Reátegui, R.M.; Asencios-Tarazona, V.; Ruiz-Yance, I.O.; Guerrero-Ochoa, M.R.; Pinedo-Chambi, W.; Mendoza-Carlos, M.M.
The problem of river water contamination due to the presence of dangerous metals for ichthyological flora and fauna and human health has motivated the search for innovative and feasible solutions. Therefore, the production of activated carbon from cocoa pod husks was investigated to eliminate metals present in the Ucayali River. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the manufacturing of the adsorbent and test its effectiveness in removing metals from water using a factorial design of 33 and 32, with three replicates each. The optimal amount of activated carbon (18.41 g) was obtained from 200 g of fresh cocoa pod husks. It was converted into activated carbon under the following conditions: thermal modification at 100, 150, and 200 °C; activation time of 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 h; and pyrolysis and activation at 400, 500, and 600 °C. This allowed the elimination by efficient adsorption of 56.8% Fe2+, 68.4% Al3+, 65.9% Cu2+, and 55.5% Zn2+ from Ucayali River, thus demonstrating its adsorbent power. The results will make it possible to manufacture filters to decontaminate water containing heavy metals, thus guaranteeing its consumption.
Advancing circular bioeconomy: trends, clusters, and roadmaps in biofuel production and waste valorisation
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Chernysh, Y.; Chubur, V.; Roubik, H.
Today, one of the important tasks of bioeconomy development is waste management based on the principles of environmental management and bioenergy production. In the context of this issue, this review focusses on the analysis of current trends in biofuel production that involve sustainable feedstocks and the valorisation of waste into useful bioproducts in agriculture. The scientometric method included the use of Scopus and Web of Science databases to compare the coverage of the research topic with keyword chain optimization. In addition, bioinformational databases was used to support the involvement of secondary raw materials in the bioprocessing cycle. The implementation of the research objectives resulted in the identification of bioeconomy clusters that emphasize the importance of developing specific regional circular bioeconomy strategies while avoiding ‘one-size-fits-all’ solutions for individual sectoral technologies. An example of bioeconomy development in the world is bioenergy. The structure of bioenergy has been analysed. A roadmap for biotechnology modernisation was proposed using the example of anaerobic waste conversion process as part of the implementation of a circular bioeconomy. The stages of the roadmap for the modernisation of bioenergy technologies were analysed within the framework of the sectoral implementation of the circular bioeconomy. The efficiency indicators for the implementation of bioeconomy in agricultural production have been determined. In addition, an important direction unifying anaerobic technologies with the agricultural sector is the enrichment of digestates with macro and microelements, which is possible due to mineral additives, for example, phosphogypsum. This direction was also considered from the point of view of environmental safety.
Advancing patient safety competencies in nursing education: an examination of student attitudes
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Sepp, Jaana
In nursing, patient safety is of paramount concern, requiring the development of well-defined competencies among nursing students and the early integration of safety principles into curricula. This study aimed to explore nursing students' perceptions regarding patient safety, offering valuable insights for curriculum developers. The main research questions were: What are the perceptions of nursing students regarding patient safety, and how can this information be useful for curriculum developers in improving students' safety knowledge and developing the curriculum in this direction? The Attitudes to Patient Safety Questionnaire (APSQ III) was employed to gather data due to its established reputation as a comprehensive and reliable instrument for assessing student attitudes in patient safety. The questionnaire was thoughtfully distributed to first-year nursing students with work experience in the healthcare field. The study revealed that students consider patient safety important and perceive its implementation as dependent on multidisciplinary teamwork and error reporting. Based on students' perceptions, nursing educators should increase the presence of patient safety courses in the nursing curriculum, emphasizing a multidisciplinary approach and enhancing competencies related to critical thinking. This includes improving skills in error reporting, organizing practical training, and mastering the use of standardized terminology. In conclusion, the study underscores the necessity of redefining nursing competencies, early integration of patient safety principles, the significance of research, and the role of assessment tools in shaping attitudes toward patient safety in nursing education.
The agricultural traffic effects on soil and maize (Zea mays L.) yields under two different tillage systems
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Botta, G.F.; Ezquerra-Canalejo, A.; Romay, C.; Rivero, D.; Hidalgo, R.J.
This study investigated the agricultural traffic effects on soil and maize (Zea mays L.) yields under No-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) during three cropping seasons on an Entic Haplustoll soil. Cone index (CI), dry bulk density (DBD), soil water content (SWC), root dry matter per plant (RDM), seed emergence (SE) and maize yields (MY) were measured. The highest average RDM values were found in CT (60.6 g plant-1), while the highest value in NT was 48.0 g plant-1). After traffic, for the two tillage systems, the obtained CI results followed a similar trend to those of DBD up to 150 mm. From this depth, the values of both parameters increased sharply up to the 450 mm depth level. At 150 to 450 mm average CI and DBD values were higher than 1,680 kPa and 1,472 kg m-3, and 2,610 kPa and 1,677 kg m-3 for CT and NT, respectively. The average yields for the 3 cropping seasons were 9.93 ton ha-1 and 8.26 ton ha-1 for CT and NT, respectively. It was demonstrated that even using medium-weight equipment (479.8 kN), subsoil compaction could not be avoided.
Agro-biological evaluation of different groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) varieties on the background of phosphorous-potash fertilizers in conditions of semi-desert soil zone
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Matevosyan, L.G.; Barbaryan, A.A.; Ghazaran, R.H.; Ghukasyan, A.G.; Galstyan, M.H.; Harutyunyan, S.S.
In conditions of semi-desert soil zones of Armenia (1,130 m high above the sea level) the agro-biological properties of groundnut varieties Lia, Virginia, Mocket, TMV 3, Sevahatik (Black Seed) and Chinese have been studied with the aim of selecting their best options for further regionalization in the piedmont zones. The field experiments were conducted in 2020–2022. The calculations and laboratory analyses have indicated that the field germination capacity of the mentioned varieties is rather high fluctuating within the range of 77.5–81.0%, whereas the weight of 1,000 grains equaled to 515–545 g, the average yield - 2.77–3.33 t ha-1, the total nitrogen in the grains were 4.39–4.61%, crude proteinհում (per 5.70 factor of nitrogen) - 25.02–26.28%, total sugar contents - 14.11–16.63%, and fat content - 44.8–48.0%. The Mocket and Chinese varieties were distinguished by their yield capacity and qualitative indices of the yield and thus, the latter have been recommended for the cultivation in the farm households of the mentioned zone.
Analysis of effective sunflower cultivation zones using the example of Ukraine
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Vasylkovska, K.; Andriienko, O.; Malakhovska, V.; Vasylkovskyi, O.; Andriienko, A.; Shepilova, T.
The article provides a comparative analysis of the area of sunflower cultivation from 2000 to 2023 broken down by regions of Ukraine for two conditional periods of 2000–2010 and 2011–2021, and 2022–2023 war years. Thus, during the period under research the average area of sunflower seed cultivation increased from 2.84 million ha in 2000 to 6.66 million ha in 2021 i.e. by 2.34 times. The increase of these areas occurred due to the reduction of the area allocated for the cultivation of other crop rotations. During the first conditional period (2000–2010) Dnipropetrovsk and Zaporizhzhia regions which geographically belong to the steppe zone of Ukraine became the leaders with an area of sunflower cultivation of more than 500,000 ha (on average 469.8 and 487.8 thousand ha of sunflower). During the second conditional period (2011–2021) Dnipropetrovsk and Zaporizhzhia regions maintained their leadership (573.5 and 564.7 thousand ha). The zone of effective sunflower cultivation has expanded due to the expansion of cultivated areas in Kirovohrad region (550.6 thousand ha) which is situated on the border of the northern part of steppe and forest steppe. The occupation of a part of Ukraine pushed back Zaporizhzhia region from leading positions in sunflower cultivation while Dnipropetrovsk and Kirovohrad regions had more than 600,000 ha in 2022–2023. The further increase of cultivation areas at the expense of other crops contradicts the laws of agriculture and the zonal recommendations of scientific institutions. Therefore, an increase in the gross harvest of sunflower seeds is possible only due to the improvement and adaptation of cultivation technology, a balanced selection of sunflower hybrids better adapted to climate changes.
Analysis of the relationship between the weather index of fire danger and occurrences of rural fires. Case study: centro region of Portugal
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Fernandez, P.; Bugalho, L.; Pedro, N.
The aim of this study was to design an approach for establishing a plausible relationship between FWI and the monthly average burned area (ABA) and the average number of ignitions (ANI) supported by geographic information systems (GIS). The application of these results will allow the projection of burned areas in forest fires in the future, making mitigation actions possible. This approach was applied to the region of Central Portugal, and to achieve the aims of the study, the following steps were completed: (1) geoprocessing the spatial data of the daily FWI indices, burned area and number of fire ignitions and (2) developing statistical regression models capable of reproducing the variability in burned area and ignition occurrence series from FWI data during the 2001–2017 period. The predicted equations for the burned area as a function of the FWI presented high coefficients of determination for most of the considered periods, thus allowing the projection, with a high degree of confidence, of the monthly burned area values according to the various future climate scenarios. The prediction of the average number of ignitions from the FWI values class proved to be effective for establishing highly adjusted forecast models for July and August. In the spatial analysis at the district level, the ABA and ANI estimation equations were obtained from the FWI values with determination coefficients above 0.90 for most of the districts. Significant differences were observed between the districts in the number of ignitions analysed.
Assessment of environmental impacts: a life cycle analysis of wheat and rice production in Madhya Pradesh
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Khangar, N.S.; Thangavel, M.
The production of cereals is one of the primary activities that is responsible for most of the environmental degradation that is caused by agricultural activities. In this study, an attempt was made to determine the ecosystem & resource emissions along with emissions affecting human health, causing due to agricultural activities. LCA is used to conduct an analysis of 17 types of emissions caused by rice and wheat production per hectare in Madhya Pradesh. Based on LCIA and Monte Carlo simulation, the study provides valuable insights into the regional environmental emissions associated with direct seeded rice (DSR), irrigated wheat (IW) and rainfed wheat (RW). Study shows that except for Marine eutrophication (MEUT) and Agricultural land use (ALU), rice production has relatively higher impact than wheat production. Irrigated wheat production found with higher potential of causing non-cancerous diseases caused by air pollution, whereas rice production has the potential to contribute to cancer disease. The production of rice and wheat in Madhya Pradesh state cumulatively contributes 0.008 Gt CO2 eq. (0.10% of global total) to the global agrifood system GHG emission within farmgate. Since majority of the emissions are caused by soil & crop nutrients and fuel consumption, here it became important to adopt sustainable agricultural practices & biofuel to lessen the environmental impact of wheat & rice production and make sustainable agro-food system of Madhya Pradesh. Based on study results emission mitigation policies have been suggested taking the existing policies into consideration.
Assessment of salt resistance of some potato varieties by biochemical and RFLP markers
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Badalyan, M.V.; Aloyan, T.V.; Dilanyan, V.T.; Kharatyan, S.A.; Martirosyan, H.S.; Sahakyan, A.J.; Sahakyan, N.A.; Melikyan, A.Sh.
Continuous changes in climate, desertification, reduction of arable land, increase in salted land, in the conditions of continuous growth of the population, the problem of providing food and food security to humanity arises, the solution of which is one of the challenges of the 21st century that requires universal efforts. At the same time, abiotic stresses, which are the cause of 50% of global yield losses, are the motivation for the creation of new stress-resistant varieties of crops using modern technologies. The salt resistance of that idea as a physiological manifestation with a polygenic component is characteristic in the modern processes of selection management. This work presents studies of salt tolerance of three valuable varieties of potatoes cultivated in Armenia, using biochemical and DNA-markers. Classical agronomic, molecular-biological, genetic-mathematical methods are used in the researches. In order to induce salt stress and provocation background in plants, 50, 100 and 150 mmol solutions of NaCl were used. The results have shown that 11S-globulin of all varieties are polymorphic, forming different electrophoresis spectra and protein formulas. It is also evident that plants with different spectra of the same varieties react differently to salt stress. The DNA restriction regions of the saltresistant variants are significantly longer than those of the non-salt-resistant forms. Thanks to the biochemical and RFLP markers, it has been possible to establish salt tolerance loci, to identify and list plants with a salt-tolerant spectrum of the same variety, which can be nominated as new salt-tolerant varieties for breeding stock producers.
Assessment of the Resilience of the Organic Food System
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Aleksejeva, L.; Zihare, L.; Pelse, M.
The organic food system is a component of sustainable food systems, which contributes to achieving the goals of the Farm to Fork strategy. The current statistical data reveal the first indications of failing to achieve strategic goal 9 of the CAP Strategic Plan for 2023–2027 and the goal of the Farm to Fork strategy in Latvia. This creates a need for a comprehensive assessment of the organic food system. The present research aims to identify the need to increase the resilience of the organic food system in Latvia. One of the decision analysis methods - SWOT analysis - was employed to comprehensively assess the organic food system. It was concluded that in order to increase the resilience of the organic food system in Latvia, it is primarily necessary to stimulate the demand for organic food by the public catering industry through GPP (green public procurement) procedures. An equally important need is to stimulate the supply of organic food (to contribute to both the transition to organic farming and the resilience of current economic operators in the organic farming scheme, as well as to foster organic processing). To mitigate the threats, policy makers need to review support rates applicable to organic farming, as well as promote knowledge transfer between all food supply chain actors.
Assessment of the structural-aggregate composition of podzolized chernozem under various agrogenic impacts and post-agrogenic state
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Bulgakov, V.; Gadzalo, I.; Kropivnyi, V.; Demydenko, O.; Holovach, I.; Ihnatiev, Ye.; Trokhaniak, O.; Olt, Jüri; Estonian University of Life Sciences. Institute of Forestry and Engineering
Identify the main patterns of transformation and establish normative parameters of changes in the structural and aggregate composition of low-humus podzolized chernozem (type of soil, known as ‘chernozem’ in Ukrainian, which translates to ‘black soil’) in the Central ForestSteppe of Ukraine in the transition period to the no-till system and minimal tillage in the agrocenosis of 5-field grain generally accepted approaches to assessing soil structure and modern statistical methods of compiling information analysis data. The generally accepted research methods were used: field, laboratory, mathematical methods, comparative and computational. The study uses fractal comparative analysis, which is a sensitive tool for assessing the distribution of structural units and water-stable aggregates in the soil. Over the past 6 years, the experimental plots have been organized with a 5-field grain-row crop rotation using three different primary tillage systems: systematic plowing, surface tillage, and transitional tillage (minimal tillage on the background of systematic plowing six years ago). It was found that the structural-aggregate state of the 0–30 cm layer of Chernozem under surface tillage was in better condition in terms of aggregate water stability over the seasonal cycle and provided better conditions for further transition to the no-till system in crop rotation compared to surface tillage after systematic plowing. According to fractal indicators, the state of water-resistant structure in the spring is assessed as unstable, although the surface treatment of qualitative and quantitative indicators of water resistance is better compared to plowing. In the summer, a fractal assessment of the state of the waterproof structure showed that regardless of the method of tillage, its condition has deteriorated to a greater extent. Thus, the fractal dimension was at the level of D > 2, which indicates the edge of the unstable state of the waterproof structure, but the Hurst index was H ≤ 0, which indicates the process of destruction of waterproof aggregates. Based on the definitions, we can say that from the systematic application of surface tillage agrophysical condition of 0–30 cm layer of chernozem in terms of structural condition and water resistance of the structure was in better condition compared to plowing and transitional tillage, which should be regarded as the end of the transition period (6 years) before the application of the No-till system in unchanged design in 5-field crop rotation.
Balance and coefficients of usage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium from the soil and fertilizers by tomatoes and peppers in the conditions of Ararat Plain of Armenia
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Matevosyan, L.G.; Harutyunyan, S.S.; Galstyan, M.H.; Osipova, R.H.; Mkrtchyan, A.T.; Sargsyan, K.Sh.; Sadoyan, R.R.
The aim of the research is to reveal the biological removal, balance and coefficient rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium use from soil, organo-mineral fertilizers and microbiological concentrates by tomato and sweet pepper in the conditions of Ararat Plain of Armenia. Field experiments were carried out in 2017–2019, on typical irrigated meadow brown soils in triplicate. It has been established that at tomato yields of 50–75 t ha-1, the biological removal of nitrogen ranges from 110 (without fertilizers) to 178 kg ha-1 (N150P80), P2O5: 61–89, K2O5: 166–289 kg ha-1, and at pepper yields of 23–32 t ha-1, respectively - 55–76, 38–49 and 77–106 kg ha-1. Tomato utilization rates from the soil (unfertilized version) are: N: 118, P2O5: 37, K2O: 8%, and the negative balances are respectively: 107, 67 and 109 kg ha-1, similar data for pepper were recorded at: N: 59, P2O5: 23, K2O: 4% and 52, 44, 20 kg ha-1. From fertilizers, tomato absorbs 27–45% nitrogen, 11–48% P2O5 and 48–72% K2O with negative balances (N: 15–55, P2O5: 14–76, K2O: 34–79 kg ha-1), in poultry litter the balance P2O5 = + 94.2 kg ha-1. For pepper, however, these data were respectively amounted to: N: 6–14, P2O5: 10–15, K2O: 9–20%, and the balances were positive. Microbiological concentrates (Azoto + phosphate Barvar) showed poor effectiveness as compared to organo-mineral fertilizers. It was also found that the lower the amount of a mobile element in the soil, or in the fertilizer dose, the higher its utilization rate and vice versa.
Bioactivity of a methanolic extract of Peganum harmala L. seeds on the inflorescence rot agent (Mauginiella scaettae) and the fusarium rot agent (Fusarium oxysporum fsp albedinis) of date palm
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Araba, F.; Khene, B.; Kemmasi, A.; Kraimat, M.; Othmani, R.; Rahmani, Y.; Khane, Y.; Djellid, Y.
The antifungal activity of the methanolic extract of Peganum harmala L. seeds harvested in Algerian Sahara was assessed on the mycelial growth of Mauginiella scaettae the causal agent of inflorescence rot and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp albedinis the causal agent of vascular fusariosis of date palm (Bayoud). The phytochemical analyses revealed the absence of tannins, flavonoids, steroids and coumarins, and among others, alkaloids, saponosides and terpenoids. The antifungal tests of different concentrations prove a strong inhibitory activity of the seed extract towards Mauginiella scaettae with an average inhibition rate of 100% after 72 h from 20% concentration to 100% (v/v). For Fusarium oxysporum f. sp albedinis, the inhibition rate increased with the extract concentration and the mycelial growth in the treated plates showed a low growth rate compared to the growth of this fungus in the control. The ANOVA test reveals that the extract of Peganum harmala seeds is very effective against Mauginiella scaettae and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp albedinis, it appears to have antifungal and mycelial growth inhibitory activity.
Boron and magnesium foliar application increase grain yield of durum wheat under drought by improving some physiological parameters
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Bani Khalaf, Y.; Aldahadha, A.; Migdadi, O.; Samarah, N.
Grain yield of wheat is primarily limited by water stress. Therefore, to increase productivity under drought conditions, a pot experiment was carried out at Maru Agricultural Research Station (MARS), Jordan, during the year 2021 to investigate the effect of foliar fertilizer by boron and magnesium under drought at either tillering or anthesis stages on some physiological parameters and yield components of two varieties of durum wheat. Foliar application by combined boron and magnesium had significantly improved the transpiration rate and relative water content (RWC) of wheat varieties at both tillering (4.39 µg cm-2 s-1 and 82.55%, respectively) and anthesis (7.43 µg cm-2 s-1 and 77.28%, respectively) growth stages, when compared with controls at tillering (3.56 µg cm-2 s-1 and 76.63%, respectively) and anthesis (5.79 µg cm-2 s-1 and 66.21%, respectively). RWC was significantly the highest by foliar boron (79.4%) at tillering stage under drought. Meanwhile, total chlorophyll content by SPAD was significantly the highest by combined boron and magnesium (46.8) during anthesis stage under drought. In general, the results indicated that var. Maru 1 had significantly higher grain yield (20.1 g/ plant) than var. Hourani (12.1 g/plant) may be due to differences in genetic makeup. Foliar application by combined boron and magnesium significantly increased wheat varieties' grain weight at tillering (18.2 g/plant) and anthesis (8.7 g/ plant) drought when compared with controls at either tillering (13.7 g/plant) or anthesis (5.5 g/plant) drought. However, foliar application did not significantly improve the grain weight under well-watered conditions. Our findings showed that the foliar application is more important at antheis drought than at tillering for increasing grain yield of wheat by improving of some physiological parameters.
Breeding and genetic screening of F1 hybrids of soft winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by manifestation of resistance to Fusarium graminearum Schwabe
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Demydov, O.A.; Kyrylenko, V.V.; Murashko, L.A.; Humenyuk, O.V.; Suddenko, Yu.M.; Mukha, T.I.; Volohdina, H.B.; Zamlila, N.P.; Novytska, N.V.; Mazurenko, B.O.
Diseases of field crops significantly reduce yield and the quality of agricultural products. Developing resistant varieties is one of the tasks for enhancing agroecosystem resilience. The creation of infectious material for the background pathogen and heterosis analysis of F1 hybrids of soft winter wheat for resistance against Fusarium graminearum Schwabe (F. graminearum) and elements of spike productivity was the goal of the conducted research. The analysis of F1 genotypes of wheat for resistance against F. graminearum was carried out in field infections and natural nurseries of the wheat breeding laboratory of The V.M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of the NAAS of Ukraine (located in the northern part of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine) during 2021 and 2022. The most aggressive isolates of the F. graminearum fungus were identified for developing inoculum and creating an artificial infection background in field conditions. In terms of the inheritance of resistance and spike productivity traits, 29.4% of hybrid populations of the first generation were selected. Positive dominance for the complex of investigated traits was found in hybrid combinations where sources of resistance against Fusarium graminearum (MV 20-88 × Smuhlianka, (Mikon × ALMA) × Lehenda Myronivska and local winter wheat varieties MIP Knyazhna, MIP Vyshyvanka were involved in the crossbreeding. It was established that cytoplasmic genes enhance the dominance of genes for complex resistance in one crossbreeding group. The best combinations with positive dominance in resistance to fusarium can be utilized in the development of highly resistant varieties.
Can intercropping alter cereal grains dietary fiber composition?
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Khaleghdoust, Banafsheh; Alaru, Maarika; Korge, Mailiis; Esmaeilzadeh Salestani, Keyvan; Loit-Harro, Evelin; Estonian University of Life Sciences. Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences. Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology
Barley and oats are essential cereal grains that contribute to satisfying the consumer's need for dietary fibers, namely arabinoxylans (AX) and beta-glucans (BG). Due to the increasing popularity of intercropping as an environmentally friendly and low-cost approach to sustainable intensification of agriculture and crop production, it is important to understand the relationship between mixed cropping on cereal grains' dietary fiber content. Therefore, the effect of intercropping barley and oat with vetch and field pea was studied compared to pure sown barley and oat on grain AX and BG content in two successive years (2022‒2023). Our result showed that oat had consistently higher AX content while barley demonstrated greater BG content. Intercropping had an influence only on barley grains' BG content, but contrary to our hypothesis, intercropping with vetch decreased the overall concentration of BG when compared to barley pure stand, as vetch was a too competitive partner. We found that grain quality parameters, such as thousand kernel weight and test weight, were positively associated with higher BG content in barley grains. Over a two-year period, weather conditions had an impact only on BG content in intercropped treatments. Increased precipitation decreased BG content in oat and barley in 2022 compared to 2023. Both grains AX content was not affected by intercropping or annual growing conditions.
Changes in work environment parameters in relation to the comfort and factors influencing productivity of office workers: comprehensive literature review
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Kalkis, H.; Vanadzins, I.; Kaluznaja, D.; Poznaka, A.; Elksnis, A.; Krumins, A.
The implications of indoor air quality on human health are well-documented and extensively studied in several researches, encompassing an augmented susceptibility to airborne infections and enduring consequences attributed to diverse chemical pollutants. The repercussions of insufficient air parameters within occupational environments on employee health and productivity are predominantly correlated with perceptions of comfort, satisfaction, the incidence of occupational diseases, and the concentration and decision-making levels. The aim of the study is to develop a causal model of air quality and productivity parameters, based on theoretical analysis, which can be used to assess changes in work environment parameters and their impact on the comfort and productivity of office workers. The theoretical analysis highlighted the significance of employee productivity and the growing importance of well-being in assessing workers' productivity. Factors such as temperature, humidity, airflow, and especially CO2, were identified as crucial in creating a conducive working environment that influences employee productivity. The research results in the developed indoor air quality parameter matrix as causal model and emphasises the complexity of the relationship between work environment parameters and employee productivity.
Control of subacute ruminal acidosis in high-yielding dairy cow herd by measuring the rumen wall thickness
(Estonian University of Life Sciences, 2024) Sematovica, I.; Malniece, A.; Duritis, I.
The study aimed to investigate whether the rumen wall thickness (RWT) follows with the data from the collar sensor system and how deeply it depends on feeding management used in the high-yielding dairy cow farm, as well as what benefit it could bring to diagnose subacute rumen acidosis (SARA) in cows. The data obtained from the collar sensors about chewing activity were analysed in relation to milk recording results, the rumen wall thickness (RWT) and the context of the composition of feed easily digestible carbohydrate changes during the intensive lactation phase. The dynamic of RWT was evaluated concerning milk amount and quality, its relation to fertility, and the size of the cows, which were taken into account. The results showed that the sensor system provides information about cow behaviour but does not provide direct information about the SARA problem in the herd. The RWT was related to the changes in feed easily digestible carbohydrate content and chewing activity. In conclusion, the sensor system allows monitoring of feed ingestion, but overall data about productivity and milk composition are necessary to make conclusions and induce ideas about corrections. Additional RWT measures are necessary to monitor rumen health and SARA presence timely, so monitoring the RWT may lead to a longer productive life for the cow.

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