2022

Selle valdkonna püsiv URIhttp://hdl.handle.net/10492/7710

Sirvi

Nüüd näidatakse 1 - 20 32

Annual dynamics of microclimate parameters of farrowing room in pigsty using two different ventilation systems
(Estonian Academic Agricultural Society, 2022) Mykhalko, Olekasndr; Povod, Mykola; Korzh, Olga; Verbelchuk, Tetyana; Verbelchuk, Serhii; Shcherbyna, Olena; Kalynychenko, Halyna; Onishenko, Ludmila
The study aimed to investigate the valve and geothermal microclimate systems' impact on microclimate indicators in farrowing rooms. In farrowing rooms, where the valve type of ventilation was installed, the temperature in the farrowing room in summer and autumn exceeded the norm by 3.90 and 1.60 °C, respectively. The amplitude of the average values of the annual temperature dynamics at all these measurement points was higher at using valve-type ventilation relative to geothermal, which provided a constant temperature during the year. Humidity during all seasons of the year was optimal with the use of both microclimate systems, but in summer and autumn, it was probably higher during using geothermal ventilation. The content of carbon dioxide reached its highest values in the autumn months with the use of both systems to create a microclimate, but without exceeding the norm. At the same time, its content was probably higher in the summer months in the room for keeping pregnant sows with the geothermal type of ventilation by 400 ppm or 50% (P <0.01). The ammonia content tended to increase in the autumn months in both farrowing rooms, but reached its highest values in the fall, remaining, however, within normal limits. The hydrogen sulfide content did not exceed the optimal values for both farrowing rooms during all seasons without a statistically significant difference between different types of ventilation. In the farrowing rooms where the geothermal ventilation system was used, the highest H2S content was in the winter months, amounting to 3.59 ppm, which is 0.96 ppm or 26.81% (P <0.001) higher than in spring, 0.83 ppm or 23.29% (P <0.001) higher than in summer and 0.26 ppm or 7.44% (P <0.05) higher than in spring.
Application efficacy of newly released pre-mixed herbicide in winter wheat: Joystick®
(Estonian Academic Agricultural Society, 2022) Mamnoie, Ebrahim; Karaminejad, Mohammad Reza; Aliverdi, Akbar; Moeini, Minbashi Moein
In a field experiment, the efficacy of the newly released pre-mixed herbicide, Joystick®, in comparison with other pre-mixed herbicides was evaluated in winter wheat, Iran. The treatments included: weedy check, weed-free check (hand-weeded), Bromicide®MA at 600 g a.i. ha–1 + Axial® at 60 g a.i. ha–1 , Othello® at 96 g a.i. ha–1 , Axial One® at 55, 65, 75, and 85 g a.i. ha–1 , Joystick® at 80, 94, and 108 g a.i. ha–1 . The latter three treatments mentioned were applied with and without non-ionic surfactant Citogate® at 0.1% v v–1 . The results revealed that all treatments significantly decreased the density and dry biomass of each weed species and increased the grain yield and biological yield of wheat. The highest performing treatment was Bromicide®MA + Axial®, followed by Joystick® at 108 g a.i. ha–1 plus Citogate®. The application of Joystick® at 108 g a.i. ha–1 plus Citogate® decreased the biomass of Malva neglecta, Lolium rigidum, Hirschfeldia incana, Centaurea pallescens, Veronica persica, and Carthamus oxyacantha up to 96.2, 78.1, 100, 91.0, 91.0, and 96.1%; respectively; with an 88% reduction in total weed dry biomass. Because of Joystick® at 108 g a.i. ha–1 plus Citogate® activity against weed species, the grain and biological yields of wheat improved up to 28% as compared to weedy check treatment.
Carcass characteristics and meat quality of broiler chickens fed dietary white and cayenne pepper powders as additives
(Estonian Academic Agricultural Society, 2022) Adegoke, Adeola; Sanwo, Kehinde; Egbeyale, Lawrence; Abatan, Munirat; Oluwasinmi, Modupe; Adebesin, Oluwaseun; Williams, Oluwaseun
A study was conducted to investigate the influence of dietary white pepper (wp) and cayenne pepper (cp) powders fed as additives on carcass characteristics and meat quality of broiler chickens. Fifty-six broiler chickens (two per replicate) were slaughtered (each close to average weight per replicate) from a total of 336 randomly allotted chickens given seven diets each apportioned to four replicates. Data obtained were subjected to a One-way Analysis of Variance with significant means separated at P <0.05. Results obtained reveal larger dressed and breast weights, as well as meat + skin:bone ratio was recorded among chickens fed addition of 200 g of cayenne pepper to the Control diet (C) (C+200cp). Notably, only chickens fed C+200wp and C+125wp+125cp diets had meat containing palmitoleic fatty acid; though the latter (1.28) had higher (P <0.05) linoleic than C+100wp+100cp (0.67). On the contrary, feeding C+125wp+125cp diet resulted in numerically least meat Index of Atherogenicity (IA) (0.49). Meat lipid cholesterol profile was preferred (P <0.05) in the meat of chickens fed C+200wp diet, though identical (P <0.05) to C+250wp diet. Feeding C+125wp+125cp diet resulted in a low (P <0.05) meat superoxide dismutase value (89.23). This study has shown that to gain a larger yield, C+200cp diet should be fed to chickens. Palmitoleic acid – a rare fatty acid occasionally consumed in Western diets was found only in the meat of chickens fed C+200wp and C+125wp+125cp diets, but for an overall balanced fatty acid profile - hazily depicted by Index of Atherogenicity, C+125wp+125cp diet is suggested as it indicates the impact of stress was minimized. Meat endogenous antioxidant profile reveals stress imposed on chickens in C+125wp+125cp group was lowered by antioxidant fed – a significance to poultry farmers.
Changes in the nitrogen compound transformation processes of typical chernozem depending on the tillage systems and fertilizers
(Estonian Academic Agricultural Society, 2022) Tsyuk, Oleksiy; Tkachenko, Mykola; Butenko, Andrii; Mishchenko, Yurii; Kondratiuk, Iryna; Litvinov, Dmytro; Tsiuk, Yuliia; Sleptsov, Yurii
The analysis of efficiency’s research of interrelation between soil’s biomass and tillage systems and fertilizers is done. The number of microorganisms responsible for the transformation of nitrogen compounds and their state in typical black soil was studied. There is evidence-based scientific and practical research on the effectiveness of these microbiological processes and the improvement of environmental performance through the various fertilizer systems and soil tillage. The use of an organic-mineral fertilizer system increases the total number of soil microorganisms and exponential mobilization processes, compared to the variant without fertilizers. This pattern is clear in the variants of shelf tillage for row crop rotation. The number of microorganisms that absorb mineral compounds of nitrogen decreased by 24%, bacteria ammonification by 1.5–5.7% compared to plough tillage. The ratio between the number of microorganisms accounted for the nutrient laboratory solutions for organic-mineral fertilizer system, compared to variants without fertilizers, is greater by 20–26% for differentiated and 14–35% for shallow tillage.
Consumers' profile analysis for chicken meat, during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic : Case of Northern Greece
(Estonian Academic Agricultural Society, 2022) Stamatopoulou, Marina; Tzimitra-Kalogianni, Irini
During the years of 2015–2016 in Greece, an increase of imports of poultry meat has been occurred on a level of 10.2%, whereas in the years of 2018–2019 the increase has only reached the level of 1.9%. On the contrary, a reduction on a level of 14.2% on poultry meat imports, in Greece, between the years of 2019–2020 have shown the possible implications of the COVID-19 pandemic to poultry meat consumption and possibly to chicken meat consumption. Moreover, the Food related lifestyle (FRL) can be defined as a system of consumers' cognitive categories and relationships that connect a set of food-related behaviours, with a set of personal values of each consumer. Hence, this paper aims to segment Greek consumers according to their food-related lifestyles values and is tried to identify the aspects that may determine consumers' behaviour towards chicken meat preference, during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Four consumer segments appeared: "Sociable and safety seekers", "Light concerned and cooks", "Unconcerned and price seekers", "Innovative and moderate concerned". Uni- and multivariate statistical techniques have been used. Consumers' profiles that demonstrated different food-related attitudes towards the pandemic were analysed with the use of variables: gender, age, marital status, educational level, monthly income and chicken meat quality cues. Significant differences were found between the four segments in terms of gender, age and income. Moreover, "Light concerned and cooks" and "Innovative and moderate concerned" consumers revealed to consider the place of purchasing as a dominant extrinsic quality cue of chicken meat. Furthermore, these consumers appeared to trust butcher in terms of the safety of chicken meat that they purchased, whereas only the consumers of the segment of "Light concerned and cooks" showed a willingness to pay a higher amount for chicken meat that is produced by animal welfare standards.
Earthworms (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) and heavy metals: content and bioaccumulation in the body
(Estonian Academic Agricultural Society, 2022) Kokhia, Mzia; Lortkipanidze, Manana; Gorgadze, Oleg; Kuchava, Madona; Nebieridze, David; Mzia Kokhia [0000-0002-9654-7670]
Nowadays, when one of the most significant problems for mankind is saving the soil from pollution. It is well-known that one of the most important means of soil rehabilitation and remediation are soil inhabitants, their biodiversity and products of their life activity. Given the significant role of soil inhabitants in soil formation processes, it is important to consider their role in the processes of reprocessing and bioaccumulation of heavy metals. That especially concerns the earthworms, whose role in soil formation and maintenance of natural fertility is well-known and causes the interest of soil scientists and ecologists. The paper shows the degree of bioaccumulation of heavy metals (copper, zinc and lead) in the body of earthworms. Study involved three species of earthworms, which were collected in the vicinity of Tbilisi – Aporrectodea rosea (Savigny, 1826), Eisenia veneta (Rosa, 1886) and Allolobophora chlorotica (Savigny, 1826) – showed that earthworms of different species accumulate different amounts of heavy metals – copper, zinc and lead and, depending on the species, after being placed in heavy metals solutions, they demonstrate the different intensity of movement. The amount of heavy metals in the body of an earthworm depends on the structure of the body tissues and maybe on the structure of the skin- muscular sac.
Ecological and economic efficiency of growing on dark gray soils of bean-cereal grasses
(Estonian Academic Agricultural Society, 2022) Karbivska, Uliana; Butenko, Yevheniia; Nechyporenko, Valentyna; Shumkova, Olena; Shumkova, Viktoriia; Tymchuk, Dmytro S.; Tymchuk, Nataliya; Litvinov, Dmytro; Hotvianska, Anna; Toryanik, Valentina
The efficiency of growing leguminous and cereal agrophytocenoses (Trifolium pratense and Medicago sativa sown with the addition of Bromus inermis, Lolium multiflorum, Festuca rubra), highlighted their economic and energy advantages over cereal grasses. The article presents the results of the study of the influence of grass mixtures on the main indicators of the efficiency of growing sowing phytocenoses during haymaking in the Carpathians on dark grey soil. Growing agrophytocenoses without mineral fertilizers ensures the maintenance of 370–520 € ha–1 of net profit, with the profitability of 151–187%, the cost of 1 ton of feed units – 56.7–66.7 €, bioenergy coefficient – 2.5–2.9, energy efficiency ratio – 5.8–6.5 and energy consumption per 1 ton of feed units – 4.0–4.7 GJ. The cultivation of alfalfa-cereal grasses is ensured on dark-wet soil with three years of use of the best indicators of economic and energy efficiency. It was found that on both experimental bean–cereal grasses the highest efficiency is maintained when P60K60 is applied in combination with inoculation of seeds of bean strains of nodule bacteria.
Economic efficiency of sweet corn growing with nutrition optimization
(Estonian Academic Agricultural Society, 2022) Hryhoriv, Yaroslava; Nechyporenko, Valentyna; Butenko, Andrii; Lyshenko, Margarita; Kozak, Maksym; Onopriienko, Iryna; Shumkova, Olena; Shumkova, Viktoriia; Kriuchko, Lyudmyla
The efficiency of sweet corn production for grain has been studied; economic advantages of cultivation in comparison with other crops have been highlighted. The article presents the results of research on issues of improving the economic efficiency of technology elements for growing sweet corn of the variety Moreland F1 under conditions of Precarpathians of Ukraine. Taking into account the production strategy, have been outlined cost-effective resource-saving and intensive technologies which provide the stable yielding capacity of early-ripening hybrid of sweet corn under conditions of Precarpathians at the level of 4.99–6.65 t ha–1 accordingly with the profit of 370–500 € ha–1 and grain production profitability 112–135%. It is established that under the conditions of application of mineral fertilizers at the dose of N135P90K125 + N60 + N30 in two stages the grain yield of corn increases compared to the absolute control (by 2.26 t ha–1, or 30.3%) with increasing costs per 1 ha of sown area 68.23 €, or 26.4%). In proportion to the increase in yield, the amount of profit, which is 192.42 € ha–1, also increased significantly.
Effect of different levels of charcoal and nitrogen on growth and yield traits of broccoli
(Estonian Academic Agricultural Society, 2022) Bhattarai, Prayusha; Lamichhane, Babita; Subedi, Puja; Khanal, Amit; Burlakoti, Saroj; Shrestha, Jiban
Charcoal is a carbon-rich organic matter, which serves as a soil conditioner when applied to agricultural fields. When used in combination with nitrogen fertilizers, it has a synergistic effect that boosts plant growth. However, charcoal application alone or in combination with nitrogen fertilizer on vegetable crops is not fully understood. Therefore, a pots experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of charcoal and nitrogen levels on the growth and yield of broccoli. The variety of broccoli used was Centauro. The experiment was laid out in a two-factor Completely Randomized Design with five replications during the winter season of 2019–2020 at Sundarbazar, Lamjung, Nepal. Treatments consisted of four levels of charcoal (0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5% per weight of soil) and three levels of nitrogen (0, 187.5 and 375 kg N ha–1). Results revealed that increasing nitrogen levels from 0 to 375 kg N ha–1 significantly increased the number of leaves, leaf area, head diameter, head weight and aboveground biomass. The maximum head weight per plant (258.77 g) was found by applying a nitrogen level of 375 kg N ha–1 and the lowest value at 0 kg N ha–1. The application of increasing levels of charcoal significantly improved root length, leaf area and head diameter. It was concluded from the results that the optimum nitrogen level for broccoli production could be 375 kg N ha–1.
Effect of fungicides on mycosis progression and potato yields
(Estonian Academic Agricultural Society, 2022) Sayuk, Oleksandr; Plotnytska, Natalia; Troyachenko, Ruslan; Ovezmyradova, Olga
The efficiency of crop cultivation technologies, including potatoes, can decrease under the influence of pests, especially in the case of untimely or low-quality protective measures. Pathogens parasitizing the vegetative surface of plants have a significant impact on the quality and yield of potato tubers. Such pathogens are fungi Phytophthora infestans (Mont) de Bary, Alternaria solani Sorauer and Alternaria alternata Keis, which are the causative agents of late blight and early blight. Early manifestation and significant development of these diseases during the growing season can lead to losses, which are estimated at 4 billion euros per year. Studies by many scientists reveal a significant positive result from the use of fungicides during the growing season of plants, harvesting and storage of crops. This article investigated the efficacy of fungicides against late blight and early blight and their effects on yield and tuber quality of the early maturing potato variety Bellarosa. The research was conducted from 2018 to 2020 at the PE Zherm of the Zhytomyr region Ukraine. The experiment scheme consisted of the following variants: Control – spraying of plants with water; Variant 1. Ridomil Gold MC 68 WP, (mancozeb, 640 g kg–1 + metalaxyl M, 40 g kg–1) – 2.5 kg ha–1 – the reference variant; Variant 2. Infinito 61 SC, 68.75% (fluopycolide, 62.5 g L–1 + propamocarb hydrochloride, 625 g L–1) – 1.5 L ha–1; Variant 3. Quadris TOP 325 SC, 32.5% (azoxystrobin, 200 g L–1 + difenoconazole, 125 g L–1) – 0.8 L ha–1. It has been established that the application of fungicides in the potato plantings against late blight and early blight reduces the spread of the leaf spot by 1.4–2.0 times at the end of the vegetation period, and its development – by 1.8–2.9 times in comparison with the Control variant. An increase in yield of potato tubers of Bellarosa variety due to the application of fungicides against leaf spot disease was within 4.5–10.9 t ha–1 in comparison with the Control variant. Among the studied preparations, the best indicators were obtained when using the fungicide Infinito 61 SC, 68.75% in potato plantings against late blight and early blight. Application of this preparation helped to reduce the spread of the studied diseases by 2.0 times, the development of diseases by 2.9 times, and increase the yield by 1.4 times compared to the variant without fungicides application. Application of fungicides also contributed to the improved quality of the tubers; in particular, we observed an increase of the dry matter content in tubers by 0.1–0.6%, ascorbic acid – by 0.2–1.1 mg% 100 g–1 compared to the variant without using the preparations.
Effect of humic acids and the amount of mineral fertilizer on some characteristics of saline soil, growth and yield of broccoli plant under salt stress conditions
(Estonian Academic Agricultural Society, 2022) Al-Falahi, Muneer N. A.; Al-Dulaimi, Kamal H.; Ghani, Emad Telfah Abdel; Al-Taey, Duraid K. A.; Farhan, Khaleel J.
A pots experiment was undertaken to determine the combined effect of humic acids and mineral fertilizer on some characteristics of saline soil, growth, and yield components of broccoli. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor consists of two levels of humic acids, namely without humic acid (H0 = 0.00 g L–1 ) and humic acid application (H1 = 0.35 g L–1 ), while the second factor included nine fertilizer (92 kg N ha –1 , 200 kg P2O5 ha–1 , 150 kg K2O ha–1 ) application rates that were (100, 100, 100%), (120, 120, 120%), (120, 120, 100%), (80, 120, 120%), (100, 100, 120%), (80.100, 100%), (120, 80, 80%), (100, 80, 80%), (80, 80, 80%) which added as a percentage of original fertilizer recommendation taking the symbols of R1 to R9 respectively. The treatment R1 was designated as a control treatment. The results indicated that humic acid application (H1) and increasing the amount of applied mineral fertilizer (R2) reduced the hydraulic conductivity of the soil for different soil depths. Humic acid addition (H1) increased concentrations of calcium and magnesium while reducing sodium concentration compared to control (H0). Contrary to humic acid, increasing the supplied mineral fertilizer led to a reduction in concentrations of calcium and magnesium while increasing sodium concentration in the soil. The sodium adsorption in soil particles in the ground was decreased due to humic acid application while improving the mineral fertilizer. Humic acid (H1) combined with increasing the amount of chemical fertilizer (R2) gave the desirable results in decreasing the sulphate, chloride and bicarbonate in the soil profile. The addition of humic acid (H1) and increasing mineral fertilizer application (R2) led to a significant increase in plant height, leaf area and head weight of broccoli per plant. Similarly, the interaction between humic acids and chemical fertilizers (H1R2) led to a significant increase in plant height, leaf area and head weight of broccoli per plant.
The effect of superabsorbent and different rates of the local fertilizer on garlic productivity in the forest-steppe of Ukraine
(Estonian Academic Agricultural Society, 2022) Yatsenko, Viacheslav; Poltoretskyi, Serhii; Mostoviak, Ivan; Vorobiova, Nataliia; Lazariev, Oleh; Kravchenko, Vitalii
This study aimed to determine the effect of different rates of topical fertilizers on the background of superabsorbent polymers (absorbents; SAP) on plant growth, pigments content in leaves and activity of antioxidant enzymes in leaves and soil, yield and nutritional value of products. For this purpose, an absorbent at the rate of 15 kg ha–1 and fertilizers were applied, spread on the soil surface 100% (control), and locally in the furrows when planting at the rate of 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the recommended rate were applied. The results showed that the use of superabsorbent polymers (SAP) and the local application of fertilizers with increasing their rate, a significant increase in chlorophyll b and the number of chlorophylls. However, the use of SAP reduced the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the leaf (superoxide dismutase by 9.5–23.2%; glutathione S-transferase by 7.4–13.4%; peroxidase by 8.4–19.0%). The bulb’s weight with the absorbent increased by 31.2–45.4% compared to similar options without the introduction of absorbent. The local fertilizer without absorbent increased garlic yield by 3.5–13.9% relative to control. With the introduction of the absorbent, the local application of fertilizers contributed to the increase of yield by 4.2–25.4%. The application of fertilizers at the rate of 50 and 75% separately and together with the absorbent contributed to the improvement of nutritional value (dry matter, ash, proteins and carbohydrates, fat and caloric content of products). In conclusion, the combination of SAP with local fertilization in crop production technology can be used in today's dynamic climate conditions, due to their beneficial effects on plant productivity and savings and efficient use of water and fertilizers. Further research consists of a more detailed study of the rate of application of absorbents, the duration of their effective action, and the rate and ratio of nutrients.
Effect of water deficit on the growth and yield on different genotypes of tomato in semi-arid climate condition
(Estonian Academic Agricultural Society, 2022) Al-Shammari, Aziz Mahdi Abd; Hamdi, Ghassan Jaafar
In areas where the supply of water for irrigation is limited, tomato production is often subject to drought stress. This study was conducted at the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Gardening, University of Diyala, Baqubah, Iraq in 2021 wherein 22 genotypes ('S.G', 'San II', 'M.O', 'Red Pear', 'F.R', 'Marb', 15 F1 hybrids were obtained from 6×6 half diallel cross and 'Bobcat' control hybrid) were cultivated under full irrigation [covering 100% of crop evapotranspiration demands (ETc)] and water deficit (50% of ETc) conditions. The results showed that cv. 1×6 produced the longest plants (119.01 cm) and the least time to flowering (10.23 days). Most branches (31.98) were produced by cv. 5×6. Both cvs. 1×6 and 5×6 produced the most leaf area (1 991 and 1 977 cm2 respectively) and most yield per plant (6.75 and 6.84 kg respectively). The 100% ETc irrigation treatment produced the longest plants (91.21 cm), the greatest number of branches (28.12), the most leaf area (1 673 cm2 ), and the highest plant yield (4.61 kg). The 50% ETc irrigation treatment produced the least time to flowering (13.7 days). Irrigation level lowering to 50% ETc achieved good results for the water use efficiency (WUE) use with predicted R2 = 1.00. Therefore, the results of this study recommend using the interaction of (both cvs. 1×6 and 5×6 irrigated with the 50% ETc treatment) to save water on irrigation and produce a high yield of tomatoes.
Effectiveness of different adjuvants on efficacy of stellar (topremazone plus dicamba) applied at reduced rates in maize (Zea mays L.)
(Estonian Academic Agricultural Society, 2022) Pacanoski, Zvonko; Salij, Alirami; Mehmeti, Arben
Field experiments were carried out in 2017 and 2018 on two individual farms that grew maize for grain, in Tetovo and Skopje locality, to determine the effectiveness of different adjuvants on the efficacy of Stellar applied at reduced rates. Herbicide treatment selectivity and influence on grain yield were estimated, as well. Both sites were naturally infested with a high population of Polygonum lapathifolium L., Chenopodium album L., Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. and Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. Overall efficacy of herbicides in control of weeds 28 DAT was ranged of 77% (Stellar + White oil applied at 0.125 + 0.2 L ha–1 ) to 98% (Stellar + Trend applied at 0.75 + 1.0 L ha–1 ) in Tetovo locality, and 64% (Stellar + White oil applied at 0.125 + 0.2 L ha–1 ) to 99% (Stellar + DASH applied at 0.75 + 2.0 L ha–1 ) in Skopje locality, respectively. In both localities, the efficacy of the full rate of Stellar (90 and 80%, respectively) was on the level of Stellar + White oil applied at 0.25 + 0.2 L ha–1 (90 and 78%, respectively). Herbicide efficacy 56 DAT was similar to the previous period of estimation. Efficacy of herbicide and herbicide plus adjuvants treatments in control of prevailing weeds 28 and 56 DAT ranged from 22–100% in Tetovo locality and 30–100% in Skopje locality, respectively. No visual maize injured was determined by any herbicide treatments in both localities for both years. Maize grain yields for each treatment in both localities generally reflected overall weed control.
Estimation of species allelopathic susceptibility to perennial weeds by detailing the formation period of germinated seeds of oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. oleiformis Pers.) as the test object
(Estonian Academic Agricultural Society, 2022) Tsytsiura, Yaroslav H.
The allelopathic impact of 23 perennial weed species on oilseed radish by petri dish and soil bioassays was studied. Weed extracts were prepared at concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0 and 16.0%. The influence of the weed extract on germination and seedling growth of oilseed radish was analyzed according to several germination indexes. The "speed of germination", "coefficient of the velocity of germination" and the resulting levels of allelopathic potential in terms of seed germination (APG) were used to assess the allelopathic effect of the researched weed species. The application of indicators allowed determining the specific features of the influence of extracts of perennial weeds on the duration of the germination period, the effects of germination delay and the general prolongation of the period of formation of similar seeds with typification on classification groups. Conducted daily surveys for the calculation of these indices allowed to obtain a graphical interpretation of the reaction of the seeds of the test object to the extract of each weed species. This allowed identifying species of weeds for which the use of oilseed radish in the system of its biological control will be effective.
Fortification of meat products of geese farming with lithium by introducing it into poultry mixed feed
(Estonian Academic Agricultural Society, 2022) Sobolev, Olexander; Borshch, Olexander O.; Riznychuk, Ihor; Kyshlaly, Olena
We studied the possibility of fortification of goslings’ products with lithium and peculiarities of its depositing in the organs and tissues of goslings concerning lithium level in the mixed feed. Experimental studies have been conducted on the goose breed Legart. 320 one-day-old goslings were divided on the principle of analogues into four groups, 80 heads each. The goslings of the first control group did not receive the lithium supplement with the feed mix. Experimental groups were fed with the feed where additionally was supplemented with different doses of lithium by the scheme of the experiment. After 70 days of rearing, three birds were randomly selected from each group and control slaughtered. The lithium content in the representative samples of muscle tissue and organs of goslings was determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). It was established that feeding the growing goslings with mixed feed containing lithium supplements in doses of 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15 mg kg–1, contributed to the increase (P <0.001) of the concentration of this trace element in the muscles of the thigh and drumstick 789.5, 1589.5 and 3447.4%, in the muscles of the breast 1096.8, 2080.6 and 3948.4%, liver are 455.4, 824.6 and 1440.8% respectively, compared to goslings that did not receive lithium supplements. Significant high values of lithium accumulation factors in organs and tissues of gosling (3.21–14.44) indicated that this element has a substantial accumulating capacity. The meat of goslings enriched with lithium can be considered a natural product with bio- corrective action that can be used in human nutrition. These meat products can be particularly useful for people that are living in regions with a low environmental level of lithium.
The impact of nano fertilization and salicylic acid on growth, yield and anti-oxidant contents in rocket plant under salt stress
(Estonian Academic Agricultural Society, 2022) Al-Taey, Duraid K. A.; Al-Musawi, Zahraa J. M.
This investigation aimed to study the effect of organic fertilizers, nano-fertilizers and salicylic acid on the growth and yield of rocket (Eruca sativa L.) and the content of active compounds and antioxidants when the plants were exposed to salt stress. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) according to the split-plot system. The main factor was water quality (1.2 dS m–1 and 8 dS m–1). While the combination treatments of Nano fertilizer, Salicylic acid and poultry manure were distributed in sub-plots and each treatment included three replicates. The treatments irrigated with saline water showed a reduction of glucosinolate and ascorbate contents (58 μg g–1 and 105.71 μg g–1, respectively). Salinity led to an increase in glutathione and proline in the leaves (1146 and 2.2 μg g–1, respectively), while the fertilization treatments (poultry manure + nano-NPK; poultry manure + salicylic acid + nano-NPK) resulted in an increase in the glucosinolate content of the leaves under salt stress (85.6 and 89.2 μg g–1, respectively). The nano-NPK treatment achieved a high value of the leaves’ ascorbic acid content under the unstressed conditions (166.73 μg g–1), while the salicylic acid + nano-NPK treatment achieved the highest value of ascorbic acid under salt stress (137.4 μg g–1). The combination of salicylic acid + poultry manure + nano-NPK obtained the highest value of glutathione content in the leaves (1950 μg g–1) under the stress conditions. There is a positive correlation between salt stress and glutathione + proline, while the salt stress condition had a negative effect on glucosinolate, ascorbate and yield.
Impacts of water availability and plant density on morpho-physiological characteristics of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum)
(Estonian Academic Agricultural Society, 2022) Hassanzadehdelouei, Mojtaba; Madani, Ahad; Bakhshi, Alireza
Plant density and water availability are the most important factors determining the yield of crops and medicinal plants. To investigate the effect of these two factors and their interaction on the yield and morpho-physiological characteristics of fenugreek, an experiment was conducted in the form of split plots based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in 2020. Water availability (favourable conditions, mild stress and severe stress) were placed in main plots and plant densities (22, 44 and 66 plants m2 –1 ) were placed in subplots. The results showed a three-fold increase in plant density under optimal moisture conditions increased grain yield from 998 to 1 380 kg ha–1 and biological yield from 2 600 to 3 259 kg ha–1 , respectively, while in mild and severe water stress, did not affect grain yield and biological yield. In all three moisture conditions, a 3-fold increase in plant density reduced the number of seeds per pod and a 2-fold increase in plant density reduced the number of pods per plant. Although in some crops, the increase in density under water stress conditions can compensate for the decrease in yield, in fenugreek, the increase in density under water stress conditions was not beneficial for the plant. Increasing the density to medium (44 plants m2 –1 ) reduces the source strength and applying high density through sink restriction causes a decrease in yield. On the other hand, moisture limitation by reducing the number of pods per plant, the number of seeds per pod and the number of seeds per plant reduced the size of the sink and the mass of 1 000 seeds, which indicates the strength of the source, was not affected.
Investigation of properties of sunflower and rapeseed oils obtained by the soxhlet and microwave extraction methods
(Estonian Academic Agricultural Society, 2022) Bandura, Valentyna; Fialkovska, Larysa; Osadchuk, Petro; Levtrynskaia, Yuliia; Palvashova, Аnna
The main purpose of the study was to evaluate the possibility of replacing hexane, which is traditionally used for the extraction of vegetable oils, with ethanol as a safer solvent when extracting oil from sunflower meals and rapeseed in the microwave field. Thus, the influence of the solvent type on physicochemical characteristics of oil and the low-fat meal was studied. The main indicators of the composition and quality of sunflower and rapeseed extraction oil were studied. The quality of oil and ways of its use in food products are mostly determined by its fatty acid composition. Analysis of the fatty acid composition of the oil was performed by the method of gas chromatography using a column HP-88 100 m* 0.25 mm*0.20 µm. The possibility of using oil in food was established by conducting pilot laboratory studies and investigating changes in physicochemical parameters during storage. The extraction by the Soxhlet method (hexane as a solvent) was compared with the method of extraction of raw materials in a microwave field (ethyl alcohol as a solvent). Studies of physicochemical parameters indicate the degree of oil oxidation (determination of peroxide and anisidine values). The peroxide value is an indicator of the content of primary oxidation products. The peroxide value of the oil obtained by the method of Soxhlet extraction (hexane as a solvent) was 5.0 (½O mmol) kg–1 . The peroxide value of the oil obtained by extraction in a microwave field (ethyl alcohol as a solvent) was 3.8 (½O mmol) kg–1 . The anisidine value is an indicator of the content of aldehydes in vegetable oils (secondary oxidation products). The anisidine value of the oil obtained by the method of Soxhlet extraction (hexane as a solvent) was 0.3 s.u. The anisidine value of oil obtained by extraction in a microwave field (ethyl alcohol as a solvent) was 0.2 s.u. Comparing the data of peroxide and anisidine values, it can be argued that the oil obtained by extraction of raw materials in a microwave field (ethyl alcohol as a solvent) had the best indicators. The acid value is one of the main qualitative indicators that characterize the degree of oil freshness. The acid value of the oil obtained by the method of Soxhlet extraction (hexane as a solvent) was 3.1 (mg KOH) g –1 . The acid number of the oil obtained by extraction in a microwave field (ethyl alcohol as a solvent) was 2.1 (mg KOH) g –1 . A comparison of the acid values of oils extracted from the raw material by different extraction methods shows that the oil obtained by the method of extraction of raw materials in a microwave field using ethyl alcohol as a solvent has the best acid value. Studies have shown that the oil, which was obtained by extraction of raw materials in a microwave field using ethyl alcohol as a solvent, had the best resistance to oxidation during storage (three months).
Lühiartikkel : Eesti muldkatte huumusseisund ja keskkonnahoidlik majandamine
(Estonian Academic Agricultural Society, 2022) Kõlli, Raimo
In the framework of the European mission “Soil Deal for Europe” ambitious tasks have been load to the whole European Union and forming its states in the field of carbon management. Departing from pedo- ecological conditions of Estonia, the pros and cons of the European Union's plans about carbon farming are treated. By the principles of pedocentric approach the soil humus status and carbon farming technologies are soil type specifics and should be utilized in the most detailed as possible soil taxonomic unit, for which by Estonian soil classification are soil species and soil varieties. Thanks to gathering during large scale (1:10,000) soil mapping in earlier time data and proceeding later field experiments in Estonia there are relatively good databases on soil humus status for all most dominated soil species and/or varieties by different land use conditions (arable, grass- and forest lands). The main available quantitative characteristics on soil humus status (expressed via carbon) are concentration (g C kg‒1) and superficial densities (Mg C ha‒1) of organic carbon given by soil species and their genetic horizons in above- named third land use conditions. Besides that, these data have been calculated (1) separately for humus cover (humipedons) and subsoil layers and (2) as well in relation to layers with certain thickness (30, 50 and 100 cm). As a qualitative index of humus status, the humus cover types (humus forms) have been elaborated separately for arable soils and for being in natural state soils. As the carbon concentration in arable soils depends mainly on contents of clay particles, watering conditions and calcareous- ness, was possible to elaborate for all dominating arable soils three humus (and carbon) concentration levels: scarce, optimal and excess, which are needed for choice of suitable to soil conditions agro technology. There is a declared serious shortage of knowledge on composition of soil organisms’ societies by soil types and on syn- and autecology of their functioning.

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